63 research outputs found
An engineering approach to improving hospital supply chains
Get PDFThesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-132).This thesis explores supply chain management practices that have been implemented, and have improved supply chains in industries outside of healthcare. The presented supply chain practices have been selected because they have the potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs and improve patient safety within hospitals. Due to the diverse nature of hospitals and a unique product profile, there is no "one size fits all" supply chain solution that can be implemented. Therefore, product specific characteristics are discussed that can be used by hospitals in order to develop segmentation policies. Supply chain best practices from outside of the healthcare industry are presented for each category of segmented products. The culmination of this thesis is the presentation of a supply chain that will enable the hospital to significantly reduce inventory storage space, on hand inventory value, and time spent by nurses managing inventory. The proposed supply chain model is patient specific and involves the delivery of items from an offsite warehouse directly to the patient's bedside. In order to successfully implement a new supply chain solution in a hospital setting, change management is a critical part of the process. Methods are presented that have resulted in successful implementations of complex systems within hospitals. Three areas must be considered when managing change in this type of setting, the healthcare environment, the hospital's internal management and operational aspects of the hospital supply chain. Using simulation models, we show that implementation of the proposed supply chain for appropriately segmented products will result in significant supply chain cost savings and boost the revenue.by Scott Hsiang-Jen Cheng and Graham J. Whittemore.M.Eng.in Logistic
Exploring the future of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry : a supply chain perspective
Get PDFThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-80).This thesis uses an innovative approach to explore the much-analyzed U.S. Healthcare system. To be sure, we are fully aware of the challenges involved in making robust system level policy recommendations and how local inefficiencies and hidden uncertainties undermine attempts proposing sweeping changes. Hence, we propose to investigate the Healthcare system using a supply chain perspective, which is inherently cross-functional and typically involves numerous different stakeholders. This holistic view will force us to think beyond artificial functional boundaries that promote local inefficiencies in the Healthcare system. Since the future is increasingly uncertain, we chose to use the scenario planning technique to guide the research process of developing effective system level policies. We will also leverage our insights to recommend new research directions to investigate the redefined system boundaries suggested by our scenarios. Since a Fortune 50 pharmaceutical company was used as a case study, the research focused primarily on a subset of the U.S. Healthcare system namely the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. The research also benefited from a series of workshops with supply chain executives from a variety of industries.(cont.) These workshops helped us refine and validate the scenario planning methodology as a tool to think and plan for the long-term future in uncertain times. Furthermore, the analysis of U.S. Healthcare inefficiencies through a supply chain perspective resulted in some promising policy recommendations as well as exciting future research ideas.by Loïc Lagarde.S.M
A SCIENTOMETRIC STUDY OF JOURNAL OF BIO-CHEMISTRY AND BIO-PHYSICS (IJBB)
Get PDFAbstract:
Scientometric is branch of Science. Scientometric explain about input and output resources in term of organisational structure. Scientometric is the Science of measuring and analyzing Science. Modern Scientometric is mostly based on the work of Derek J.de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield. This paper critically analyses 316 scholarly communications published in the Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Bio-Physics. Indian Journal of Bio-Chemistry and Bio-Physics, formerly known as IJBB. It is a peer reviewed, open access bio-monthly Journal published by NISCAIR. The analysis cover mainly the number of articles, form of document cited, most cited Journals etc. Study reveals that single author contributed 18 (5.7%) while the rest of 162 (51.3%) articles were contributed by Multi authors. The contributions in this Journal from India are slightly more than those from the other countries. The objectives of this study to assist the collection development in order to fulfil the needs of scientists and research scholars in the field of science and technology
Corrigendum: Unraveling the dynamics of wheat leaf blight complex: isolation, characterization, and insights into pathogen population under Indian conditions
Get PDFUnraveling the dynamics of wheat leaf blight complex: isolation, characterization, and insights into pathogen population under Indian conditions
Get PDFWheat, a staple food crop for 35% of the global population, faces a threat from Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB), a complex of spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and tan spot (Pyrenophora-tritici-repentis) diseases under warm and humid conditions. However, in Indian conditions, the knowledge of existing pathogen populations associated with the HLB complex is limited and largely dominated by only B. sorokiniana (spot blotch). To address this, diseased samples were collected from all six wheat growing zones during 2020–2022. The pathogenic species were identified through in-depth morphological characterization, supplemented with ITS-rDNA and GAPDH sequence analysis, a diagnostic SCAR marker, and pathogenicity studies on two wheat varieties: Sonalika and HD2733. The 32 isolates collected from 10 different states consist of B. spicifera (12.5% of all isolates), Exserohilum rostratum (9.3%), Bipolaris oryzae (3.1%), and B. sorokiniana (75%). B. sorokiniana exhibited the highest disease severity on both varieties. Other lesser-known pathogenic species also produced comparable disease severity as B. sorokiniana isolates and, therefore are economically important. Unraveling pathogen composition and biology aids in disease control and resistance breeding. Our study highlights economically impactful and lesser-known pathogenic species causing wheat leaf blight/spot blotch in India, guiding both current management and future resistance breeding strategies in plant pathology
Fusarium head blight of wheat in India‐variability in pathogens associated and sources of resistance: an overview
No full textDifferential gene expression analysis in germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica using RNA seq approach
No full text214-223Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease that interrupts India’s wheat trade in the international market.
The whole transcriptome of germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica was performed using the RNA Seq
approach to identify germination-related genes. Approximately 63 million reads were generated using the RNA sequencing
by the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. The high-quality reads were deposited in NCBI SRA database (accession:
PRJNA522347). The unigenes from the pooled teliospores were 16,575 having unigenes length of 28,998,753 bases. The
high-quality reads of germinating teliospores mapped on to 21,505 predicted CDSs. 9,680 CDSs were common between
dormant and germinating teliospores of T. indica. 11,825 CDSs were found to be in germinating teliospores while only 91
were unique in dormant spores of pathogen. The pathway analysis showed the highest number of pathways was found in
germinating spores than dormant spores. The highest numbers of CDSs were found to be associated with translation (431 in
number), transport and catabolism (340), signal transduction (326), and carbohydrate metabolism (283). The differential
expression analysis (DESeq) of germinating and dormant teliospores showed that 686 CDS were up-regulated and 114 CDS
were down-regulated in the germinating teliospores. Significant germination-related genes in the spores were validated
using qPCR analysis. Ten genes viz. Ti3931, Ti6828, Ti7098, Ti7462, Ti7522, Ti 9289, Ti 8670, Ti 7959, Ti 7809,and
Ti10095 were highly up-regulated in germinated teliospores which may have role in germination of spores.Further, these
differentially expressed genes provide insights into the molecular events. This first study of transcriptome will be helpful to
devise better management strategies to manage Karnal bunt disease
Global Research Productivity on Coronavirus: A Bibliometric Mapping and Visualization
Get PDFCoronavirus, a pandemic threat to human beings, has awakened huge concern worldwide, but no bibliometric studies have been conducted on Coronavirus research during 2011-Feb.2020. The aim of this study is to map research productivity on the Coronavirus based on the articles indexed in the Scopus database. The articles related to Coronavirus dated from 2011 to Feb. 2020 were retrieved from the Scopus database. A total of 7558 papers were retrieved for this study which indexed by the Scopus database during 2010-Feb. 2020. The most productive year is recognized 2015with 1012 (13.38 %) articles while Maximum AGR 40.38 percent was recorded in the year. The USA ranked first with 2373 publications, followed by China with1378 publications while The Journal of Virology published the highest 330 articles followed by PLoS One with 224 articles. Dusten, C. is ranked topmost productive corresponding author ( first position) with 108 articles followed by Memish, Z.A. with 107 articles. Medicine subject identified as the top subject for publishing paper on Coronavirus followed by Immunology and Microbiology. The title Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia received the highest 1346 citations, followed by Immune Signaling by RIG-I-like Receptors with 818 citations
Redefining organizational boundaries : building an aware and agile organization by enabling new social interactions
Get PDFThesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-125).Today's world is characterized by great turbulence and uncertainty. Rapid and discontinuous changes in technologies, regulation, competition, and demand are increasingly becoming the rule. Information is rapidly rendered inaccurate or obsolete by new information, and strategic opportunities arise and disappear quickly. The complexity of the external environment, and the associated unpredictability, place a premium on fast decision making and organizational flexibility to adapt quickly. Policymakers as well as business decision makers are struggling to keep pace with these new challenges. As the scientific and mechanical view of the world is not appropriate for such complex environments, new methods are required. To this end, we explore emerging fields, such as complexity theory and complex adaptive systems, to offer new approaches to address the fundamental dilemma of flexibility versus efficiency. Furthermore, we argue that policymakers can learn from the private sector and leverage new management concepts to become more effective. A key lesson is that organizations need to tap the passion and spirit of their employees. Clearly, technology will play a central role in redefining decision and policy making. We discuss how new web based social technologies will revolutionize organizations and enable new ways to channel collective intelligence of its employees. Such technologies have virtually eliminated transaction costs and made group forming easy and costless. We propose a framework to leverage the power of new social technologies.(cont.) We argue that organizations need to redefine their boundaries and make them more permeable. This will enable more interactions with the external environment which will provide the required background information, especially early warning signs, to let the appropriate changes emerge inside an organization based on loosely connected elements. By sensing external triggers early, organizations can initiate internal changes guided by motivated and passionate employees. We have applied relevant portions of the proposed framework to a Fortune 50 company to test our ideas. We also highlight the need for adaptive policies to deal with the turbulent environment and outline specific recommendations for policymakers and agencies accordingly. These recommendations offer new ground for building flexible yet efficient organizations.by Benjamin Maupetit.S.M.in Technology and Polic
Evolutionary supply chain risk management : transforming culture for sustainable competitive advantage
Get PDFThesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-94).In today's fast-paced and turbulent global economy, the topic of risk management has gained significant interest in the business and academic world. However, in practice, risk management remains rather underdeveloped and often dealt with in an informal and reactive manner. To this end, we propose a comprehensive approach to supply chain risk management based on academic and business research and apply it to a company to develop a case study. We survey the state-of-the-art of supply chain risk management by exploring both the qualitative and quantitative sides of risk management in this thesis. We study in detail the reasons why risk is often neglected in organizations, and learn from several conceptual frameworks that have been proposed in the literature. On the more quantitative side, we explore tools that have been used or could be used for supply chain risk management, such as Decision Analysis or Real Options. We apply our proposed supply chain risk management framework to the case company, focusing primarily on qualitative methods. Data for the analysis is collected by way of semistructured interviews with business executives and relevant company documents. The results are presented to shed light on the current risk management practices at the company by highlighting their strengths and potential weaknesses. The research also draws from fields outside the normal realm of supply chain risk management. A policy perspective is taken to isolate important drivers of risk that lie beyond the direct control of organizations, such as political uncertainty and regulations. The objective is to promote a more proactive outlook in organizations to anticipate and exploit the uncertainty in the business environment. Similarly, a market perspective is used to articulate a novel way to uncover information asymmetry in the domain of risk management. Instead of simply pointing to asymmetry as an undesirable fact of business world, we propose two approaches that could be used for developing creative solutions, specifically, prediction markets and credit derivatives concepts. In conclusion, we argue that evolutionary risk management processes accompanied by a radical shift in business risk culture are required to achieve competitive advantage through supply chain risk management.by Romain Lévy.M.Eng.in LogisticsS.M
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