17 research outputs found
Histological changes of Mice lungs after daily exposure to different concentration of Incense smoke
No full textVITAMIN C INCREASES THE LEVEL OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN RATS ‘ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
No full textSuperantigen as a Promising Immunotherapy Treatment against Cancer: A Review Article
No full textSuperantigens are toxins produced in hosts by some pathogenic microbes as a mechanism to sustain their pathogenicity. Superantigens are highly resistant to degradation by proteases enzyme, heat denaturation, and cause many dangerous diseases that in severe cases lead to death. Superantigens are atypical antigens that stimulate a profound proliferation of polyclonal T cells at low concentrations. All superantigens have a standard architecture even though they differ in amino acid sequences and are divided into two groups: endogenous superantigens and exogenous superantigens. The major histocompatibility complex molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cell receptors on T cells are the major players in identifying foreign antigens. Superantigens can bind nonspecifically to both the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and T cell receptors and form a trimolecular complex. Superantigens do not follow conventional antigens processing and presentation; they bind as intact macromolecules outside the antigen-binding groove of the major histocompatibility complex class II and to Vβ of T cells receptors. Thus, triggering an excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, radiotherapy and chemotherapy often develop radio/drug resistance. Hence, cancer immunotherapy has been mainly considered as it instigates the patient’s immune system to fight cancer. Superantigens are one of the most potent T cell mitogens as 0.1 pg/ml is adequate to excite T lymphocytes. Accordingly, extensive in-vivo/in-vitro investigations have been conducted on the potential role of superantigens in eradicating tumors. The safety and effectiveness of superantigens as a cancer treatment have been verified in many clinical trials. Nevertheless, the vast inflammation after the potent T cell activation is known to promote diseases, including cancer. This paper reviews the potentiality of superantigen as an immunotherapy treatment against cancer
Diagnostic values of Copeptin as a novel cardiac marker in relation to traditional markers in acute myocardial infarction
No full textAbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was the determination of the diagnostic value of Copeptin as a novel biomarker in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.BackgroundCopeptin is a strong marker for mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is released very early during the onset of an AMI, raising the question of its potential value in the diagnosis of AMI and particularly in ruling-out AMI. Indeed, Copeptin is released much earlier than troponin making the interpretation of their complementary kinetics a useful tool to rule-out AMI. [1]MethodThis Prospective Comparative Analytical cohort study included 56 patients with Patients with acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 15 healthy controls who were admitted to the Cardiology Department, Menoufiya University from January 2014 to December 2014. All patients were subjected to full medical history taking, general examination, local cardiac examination, resting 12 leads ECG and laboratory investigations (including CK-T, cTnT and Copeptin).ResultsOur study showed non-significant differences regarding age, sex, blood pressure and hypertension between patient group and control group, but there was statistically significant difference as regards heart rate, smoking, diabetes mellitus, CK-T, (cTnT) and Copeptin.ConclusionAdding Copeptin to CK-T, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) allowed safe rule out of AMI with a negative predictive value (NPV) >99% in patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndromes. This combination has the potentiality to rule out AMI in 58% of patients without serial blood draws
Sequence analysis of sub-genotype D hepatitis B surface antigens isolated from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
No full textAbstractLittle is known about the prevalence of HBV genotypes/sub-genotypes in Jeddah province, although the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was identified as the most predominant type of hepatitis in Saudi Arabia. To characterize HBV genotypes/sub-genotypes, serum samples from 15 patients with chronic HBV were collected and subjected to HBsAg gene amplification and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the HBsAg gene sequences revealed that 11 (48%) isolates belonged to HBV/D while 4 (18%) were associated with HBV/C. Notably, a HBV/D sub-genotype phylogenetic tree identified that eight current isolates (72%) belonged to HBV/D1, whereas three isolates (28%) appeared to be more closely related to HBV/D5, although they formed a novel cluster supported by a branch with 99% bootstrap value. Isolates belonging to D1 were grouped in one branch and seemed to be more closely related to various strains isolated from different countries. For further determination of whether the three current isolates belonged to HBV/D5 or represented a novel sub-genotype, HBV/DA, whole HBV genome sequences would be required. In the present study, we verified that HBV/D1 is the most prevalent HBV sub-genotype in Jeddah, and identified novel variant mutations suggesting that an additional sub-genotype designated HBV/DA should be proposed. Overall, the results of the present HBsAg sequence analyses provide us with insights regarding the nucleotide differences between the present HBsAg/D isolates identified in the populace of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and those previously isolated worldwide. Additional studies with large numbers of subjects in other areas might lead to the discovery of the specific HBV strain genotypes or even additional new sub-genotypes that are circulating in Saudi Arabia
Partial sequencing analysis of the NS5B region confirmed the predominance of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
No full textMolecular Characterization of Dengue E/NS1 Junction Genotype 2 Isolated From Saudi Patients, Jeddah Province
No full textPartial sequencing analysis of the NS5B region confirmed the predominance of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
No full textChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its progression are major health problems that many countries including Saudi Arabia are facing. Determination of HCV genotypes and subgenotypes is critical for epidemiological and clinical analysis and aids in the determination of the ideal treatment strategy that needs to be followed and the expected therapy response. Although HCV infection has been identified as the second most predominant type of hepatitis in Saudi Arabia, little is known about the molecular epidemiology and genetic variability of HCV circulating in the Jeddah province of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the dominance of various HCV genotypes and subgenotypes circulating in Jeddah using partial sequencing of the NS5B region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind in Saudi Arabia. To characterize HCV genotypes and subgenotypes, serum samples from 56 patients with chronic HCV infection were collected and subjected to partial NS5B gene amplification and sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B partial sequences revealed that HCV/1 was the predominant genotype (73%), followed by HCV/4 (24.49%) and HCV/3 (2.04%). Moreover, pairwise analysis also confirmed these results based on the average specific nucleotide distance identity: ±0.112, ±0.112, and ±0.179 for HCV/1, HCV/4, and HCV/3, respectively, without any interference between genotypes. Notably, the phylogenetic tree of the HCV/1 subgenotypes revealed that all the isolates (100%) from the present study belonged to the HCV/1a subgenotype. Our findings also revealed similarities in the nucleotide sequences between HCV circulating in Saudi Arabia and those circulating in countries such as Morocco, Egypt, Canada, India, Pakistan, and France. These results indicated that determination of HCV genotypes and subgenotypes based on partial sequence analysis of the NS5B region is accurate and reliable for HCV subtype determination
Identification of Novel D11 Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Subgenotype in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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