23 research outputs found
UJI EKSPERIMENTAL KUAT CABUT PAKU PADA KAYU
No full textSNI 7973-2013 yang berjudul Spesfikasi Desain untuk Konstruksi Kayu, adalah peraturan yang digunakan dalam melakukan perancangan konstruksi kayu di Indonesia. Peraturan tersebut memberikan acuan yang baik dalam melakukan perhitungan struktur kayu, baik berupa elemen struktur maupun sambungan dari elemen struktur kayu. Salah satu kekurangan dari peraturan tersebut adalah tidak adanya rumusan / persamaan yang dapat digunakan untuk menghitung besarnya kuat cabut pada alat pengencang mekanik seperti paku dan sekrup. ASTM D 1761 “Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Wood” adalah standar yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pengujian kuat cabut pada elemen pengencang pada kayu seperti paku, sekrup, dan staples. Dari variasi pengujian yang dilakukan didapatkan hubungan antara kuat cabut paku dengan berat jenis, kadar air, arah serat, dan diameter paku yang digunakan. Nilai kuat cabut paku yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini berkisar antara 1.86 – 9.28 MPa
A Study on Effects of Creep and Shrinkage in High Strength Concrete Bridges
No full textAbstractThe last three decades have been marked by remarkable growth of high strength concrete applications in building and bridges. Both types of construction will benefit from the positif effetcs such as reductions in member sizes and amount of reinforcement, when using high strength concrete. However, bridges are often made with long spans resulting in significant dead weight which combined with the creep and shrinkage properties of concrete, leads to significant deformation and loss of prestressing force in the long term. In this study, the effects of creep and shrinkage of high strength concrete used for prestressed concrete bridge girder is investigated. The aim is to quantify the loss of prestress in high strength concrete bridge and to find justfications on increasing usage of high strength concrete for bridges. A continuous-span bridge built using span by span method (movable scaffold system) is chosen as a case study. Three grades of concrete strength are investigated, 40MPa, 80MPa, and 100MPa, each representing normal, moderately high and high strength concrete. These are grades that can be routinely produced by concrete industry without significant alteration in current production/process technology. As part of this study, a literature survey has also been conducted. It suggests that high strength concrete requires modification of current creep and shrinkage code (applicable only for normal concrete). Thus, the initial part of this study deals with determination of proper creep and shrinkage code. Then, a finite element analysis of the bridge case is performed. The result indicates that reduction in girder size and amount of prestressing is not simply governed by concrete strength, but by the comlplex effects of strength, creep and shrinkage behavior of high strength concrete
Experimental study on strength and stiffness connection of wooden truss structure
No full textScarcity of wood is hindering the use of wood materials that have large dimension and high quality. Thus, wooden truss is expected to be a solution for this problem. However, the use of this system is not complemented with adequate research of its strength and behavior. In this study, wooden truss would be examined experimentally. The specimen is a wooden truss joist supporting the floor slab for typical residences with two connection type variations which are nail and glue. These specimens has dimension of 185 cm in length and 36 cm in height with 3 layers of a wooden board in width, and were produced by using Sengon wood with elasticity modulus of 2867 MPa, and specific gravity of 0.4. Destructive and non-destructive test were performed. From the result, we obtained a higher proportional strength for glue type connection truss which at 1123.34 kg compared to nail type connection truss which at 767.07 kg. However, unlike the nail type connection, the glue type connection has a brittle behavior. Moreover, the stiffness connection study resulted with partial fixity value of 0.07 for nail type and 0.98 for glue type connection. Furthermore, these results have also been validated using numerical model analysi
Pengujian Terhadap Kekuatan Dan Pelapukan Beton Dengan Pengukuran Kekerasan Dan Karbonasi Dam Concrete Face Dan Spillway Pada Bendungan Cirata
No full textBendungan merupakan salah satu sarana multifungsi yang memiliki peranan penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Guna menjaga dan meningkatkan jaminan keamanan bendungan dan pengoperasiannya maka diperlukan pemeriksaan teliti (assesment) melalui penerapan metodologi test/pengujian yang memadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat pelapukan dan kekuatan struktur beton concrete face dan spillway sejak dini guna menghindari kerusakan atau kerugian yang lebih besar dikemudian hari. Pekerjaan pengukuran dengan melakukan pengukuran/pengujian kekuatan beton secara langsung (non destructive – direct test) melalui uji tekan permukaan beton. Hasil dari pengujian hammer test dan karbonasi yang dilakukan di area concrete faced dan pharaphet adalah kuat tekan beton rata-rata pada dam concrete faced adalah sebesar 343 kg/cm2, rata-rata tebal beton yang mengalami karbonasi adalah sebesar 0,5 mm. Kuat tekan beton rata-rata pada dam pharaphet adalah sebesar 391 kg/cm2, rata-rata tebal beton yang mengalami karbonasi adalah sebesar 1 mm. Pengujian non-destructive adalah pengujian dengan schmidt hammer. Hasil pengujian ini adalah kuat tekan beton rata-rata pada spillway inlet adalah sebesar 378 kg/cm2, rata-rata tebal beton yang mengalami karbonasi adalah sebesar 0,83 mm. Kuat tekan beton rata-rata pada outlet spillway adalah sebesar 271 kg/cm2, rata-rata tebal beton yang mengalami karbonasi adalah sebesar 0,55 mm. Kuat tekan beton rata-rata pada bottom spillway outlet adalah sebesar 243 kg/cm2, rata-rata tebal beton yang mengalami karbonasi adalah sebesar 0,55 m
Experimental study on strength and stiffness connection of wooden truss structure
No full textScarcity of wood is hindering the use of wood materials that have large dimension and high quality. Thus, wooden truss is expected to be a solution for this problem. However, the use of this system is not complemented with adequate research of its strength and behavior. In this study, wooden truss would be examined experimentally. The specimen is a wooden truss joist supporting the floor slab for typical residences with two connection type variations which are nail and glue. These specimens has dimension of 185 cm in length and 36 cm in height with 3 layers of a wooden board in width, and were produced by using Sengon wood with elasticity modulus of 2867 MPa, and specific gravity of 0.4. Destructive and non-destructive test were performed. From the result, we obtained a higher proportional strength for glue type connection truss which at 1123.34 kg compared to nail type connection truss which at 767.07 kg. However, unlike the nail type connection, the glue type connection has a brittle behavior. Moreover, the stiffness connection study resulted with partial fixity value of 0.07 for nail type and 0.98 for glue type connection. Furthermore, these results have also been validated using numerical model analysi
Experimental Study of Fly Ash Density Effect to the Mortar Compressive Strength with Recycled Fine Aggregate
No full textEksplorasi Posisi Sambungan dan Penambahan Elemen Pengaku Untuk Meningkatkan Kekakuan pada Balok RISHA
No full textABSTRAKRangkaian panel RISHA menciptakan ruangan maksimal 3 m x 3 m. Beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan membuktikan ukuran tersebut belum nyaman jika digunakan sebagai rumah tinggal Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR). Pada perkembangannya, teknologi RISHA digunakan untuk bangunan dengan bentang balok yang lebih lebar, sehingga kekakuan balok harus ditingkatkan, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi posisi sambungan dan penambahan elemen pengaku dalam upaya meningkatkan kekakuan pada sambungan antar panel struktur RISHA. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan simulasi software beam calculator untuk mendapatkan uji gaya momen, gaya geser, dan defleksi. Analisis menggunakan metode weighted product (WP) untuk mendapatkan posisi sambungan dan elemen pengaku terbaik. Simulasi dilakukan dengan eksplorasi posisi sambungan dan elemen pengaku untuk meningkatkan kekakuan pada sambungan antar panel struktur RISHA. Hasil pengujian menunjukan balok yang terdiri dari tiga panel memiliki kekakuan yang lebih besar dari dua panel dan elemen pengaku splice lebih unggul dibandingkan corbel, maka penambahan elemen pengaku terbukti dapat meningkatkan kekakuan pada sambungan antar panel struktur RISHA.Kata kunci: RISHA, kekakuan, corbel, splice, momen, gaya geser ABSTRACTThe RISHA series of panels creates a room of up to 3 m x 3 m. Several studies have been conducted to prove that this size is not comfortable when used as a low-income community residence. In its development, RISHA technology is used for buildings with wider span beams, so that beam stiffness must be increased, therefore this study aims to review the position of joints and the addition of stiffener elements to increase stiffness in joints between RISHA structural panels. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The data collection method uses beam calculator software simulation to obtain moment force, shear, and deflection tests. The analysis uses the weighted product (WP) method to get the best joints and stiffener elements. The simulation was carried out by exploring the position of the joints and the stiffening of the elements to increase the stiffness of the joints between the RISHA structural panels. The test results show that the beam consisting of three panels has greater stiffness than the two panels and the splice stiffener element is more than the corbel, so the addition of the stiffener element is proven to increase the elasticity at the joints between the RISHA structural panels.Keywords: RISHA, stiffener, corbel, splice, moment, shear forc
The new, universal, and complete confectioner; being the whole art of confectionary made perfectly plain and easy. [electronic resource] : Containing a full account of all the various methods of preserving and candying, both dry and liquid, all kinds of fruit, flowers and herbs; also the various ways of clarifying sugar; and the various methods of keeping fruit, nuts, and flowers, fresh and fine all the year round. Together with directions for making blomonge, biscuits, rich-cakes, rock-works and candies, custards, jellies, creams and icecreams, whip syllabubs, and cheese-cakes of all sorts. Sweetmeats, English wines of all sorts, strong cordials, simple waters, mead, oils, &c. syrups of all kinds, milk punch that will keep twenty years, knicknacks and trifles for deserts, &c. &c. &c. Including likewise the modern art of making artificial fruit, with the stalks in it, so as to resemble the natural fruit. To which, among many other useful articles, are added, several bills of fare for deserts for private families, &c. &c. The whole revised, corrected, and improved, by Mrs. Elizabeth Price, of Berkley Square; author of that excellent little cheap book entitled (to distinguish it from all old and spurious publications of the kind) the new book of cookery, price only 1s. Embellished with an elegant frontispiece.
No full textFirst published about 1760.Pp. 169-171 misnumbered 369-371.Price in square brackets: (Price only 2s.) Altho' it contains more in quantity, and is better in quality than other books of the kind, which are sold at 5s.[1780?] suggested by LEu and Maclean, V.: A short-title catalogue of household and cookery books 1701-1800, London 1981, p. 118, but rev. edit. presumably after [1780?] edit (t181802)Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from Library of Congress
