135 research outputs found
Dietary Carbohydrate Promotes Cell Survival in Cancer Via the Up-Regulation of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene Expression Level
No full textCancer cells are mainly dependent on glycolysis for their growth and survival. Dietary carbohydrates play a critical role in the growth and proliferation of cancer and a low-carbohydrate diet may help slow down the growth of tumours. However, the exact mechanisms behind this effect are unclear. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in the association between dietary carbohydrates and cancer. This study was carried out using keywords such as polymorphism and/or cancer and/or dietary carbohydrate and/or FTO gene. PubMed and Science Direct databases were used to collect all related articles published from 1990 to 2018. Recent studies showed that the level of FTO gene expression in cancer cells is dramatically increased and may play a role in the growth of these cells through the regulation of the cellular metabolic pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinaseB (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Dietary carbohydrate may influence the FTO gene expression by eliminating the inhibitory effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the FTO gene expression. This review summarised what has been recently discovered about the effects of dietary carbohydrate on cancer cells and tried to determine the mediating role of the FTO gene in these effects
Intake of food groups and cervical cancer in women at risk for cervical cancer: A nested case-control study
No full textBACKGROUND: The risk of cervical cancer was reported to be influenced by dietary components. This study aimed to illustrate the association between cervical cancer with the intake of food groups in women with a history of cervical neoplasia. METHODS: This nested case-control study was conducted in 558 people with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), including 279 women with cervical cancers and 279 controls with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the intake of food groups. RESULTS: The intake of fruits and vegetables in the case group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001). Low intake of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits was associated with cervical cancer risk (OR=4.67; 95% CI 1.2-9.49, P=0.001; OR=9.75, 95% CI 1.36-19. 51, P=0.001; and OR=4.82, 95% CI 1.09-7.25, P=0.001, respectively). After adjusting for age, family history, age at first menstruation, number of children, history of vaginal infection, and age at first sexual intercourse, the results were still significant. Additional adjustments to BMI did not change the results. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the risk of cervical cancer can be affected by the intake of certain food groups. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the underlying mechanism of the influence of dietary components on cervical cancer risk
The association of genetic variations with sensitivity of blood pressure to dietary salt: A narrative literature review
No full textSalt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Up to 50% of patients with essential hypertension are salt-sensitive, as manifested by a rise in BP with salt intake. Several genetic variations have been identified as being associated with salt sensitivity. The present study aimed to review the evidence on the effect of gene polymorphisms on the salt sensitivity of BP. We searched in PubMed website from 1990 to 2011, with the use of following keywords: “hypertension, dietary salt, polymorphisms, and blood pressure”. The effect of sodium intake on BP differed by genotype at the genes of the renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone synthase, cytochrome p450 3A, epithelial sodium channel genes, genes of sympathetic nervous system, β-3 subunit of G-protein, alpha-adducin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Kallikrein-Kinin system. These approaches suggest that these polymorphisms may be potentially useful genetic markers of BP response to dietary salt. There is evidence that genetic predisposition modulates the BP response to diet. Therefore, diet and nutrition can mitigate or enhance the effects of genetic predisposition. Increasing our knowledge of this relationship can lead to individualized treatment and increased understanding of hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Genetics, Diet Therapy </p
Interactions of Colorectal Cancer, Dietary Fats, and Polymorphisms of Arachidonate Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Genes: A Literature Review
No full textOBJECTIVE: Genetics and dietary factors play important roles in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of the interactions between CRC, gene polymorphisms, and dietary fat are unclear. This review study investigated the effects of polymorphisms of arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) genes in the association between CRC and dietary fat. METHODS: All the related papers published from 2000 to 2022 were collected from different databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochran using related keywords such as colorectal cancer, ALOX, COX, polymorphism, and dietary fat. Non-English and unrelated documents were excluded. RESULTS: Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ALOX and COX genes, such as rs2228065, rs6413416, and rs4986832 in the ALOX gene, and rs689465 in the COX gene may play significant roles in the association between the risk of CRC and dietary fats. SNPs of ALOX and COX genes may influence the effects of dietary fatty acids on the risk of CRC. CONCLUSION: Some polymorphisms of the ALOX and COX genes may have important roles in the effects of dietary fat on the risk of CRC. If future studies confirm these results, dietary recommendations for preventing colorectal cancer may be personalized based on the genotype of the ALOX and COX genes
Maternal self-efficacy and feeding practices in children aged 3-6 years
No full textObjective: Nutrition in childhood has an important role in current and adulthood health. Recent studies have shown that the mother’s lifestyle has an important role in the methods used by mother to feed child. This paper aimed to investigate the association between mother’s weight efficacy lifestyle with feeding practices in children aged 3- 6 years.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was carried out in 30 primary schools of Rasht (Iran) in 2012, 165 mothers with children aged 3-6 years were participated. Mothers reported their own and their child’s demographics. Aspects of mother’s weight efficacy lifestyle and mother’s control practices were assessed using Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) questionnaire and Comprehensive Feeding Practices questionnaire (CFPQ) respectively. Height and weight of mothers participated in the study were measured. The role of mother’s weight efficacy in predicting child’s feeding practices was assessed using linear regression.
Results: Results showed that mother’s weight efficacy was related to child feeding practices. The mothers with similar weight efficacy lifestyle applied similar methods in child nutrition. Mothers with better weight efficacy used more encourage balance and variety, environmental control, child involvement and less emotion regulation using foods.
Conclusion: The result of the study showed that maternal lifestyle was associated with child feeding practices.
The Link Between Spontaneous Abortion and Vitamin E may be Influenced by the Fat Mass and Obesity‐Associated Gene, a Case‐Control Study
No full textBackground and Aims: Spontaneous abortion (SA) may be affected by several variables including genetics and lifestyle factors. A recent study discovered that variations in the FTO gene have been associated to both SA and dietary intake. The objective of the study is to examine the association between vitamin E and abortion in individuals with different FTO genotypes. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 539 adult women including 192 women between 20 and 40 years with a history of SA and 347 women without a history of abortion in Tehran, Iran. The blood sample was collected from all participants to evaluate the FTO genotype for rs9939609 polymorphism. A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess the intake of vitamin E. Results: The patients with SA had a lower intake of vitamin E compared to the control group in carriers of the AA genotype of the FTO gene (15.06 +/- 7.77 vs. 18.04 +/- 12.8 mg/day, p = 0.02). SA was inversely associated with dietary intake of vitamin E (beta = -0.232, p = 0.017) and alpha-tocopherol (beta = -0.287, p = 0.036) only among the cases with AA and AT genotypes of the FTO gene. Adjustments for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, and calorie intake did not change the results. Conclusion: This study presents the first evidence indicating a significant negative association between SA and dietary intake of vitamin E, specifically among those who have the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism
Substitution Analysis in Nutrition Sciences: a Tutorial
No full textAbstract Evaluating the effects of nutrients in our diet need entering more than one nutrient item (or food groups) in a single statistical unit. With this method, not only we considered the effects of a nutrient in health-related subjects, but also we find out the consequences of replacing and deleting nutrients on our outcome. In nutritional epidemiology, substitution analysis is used to evaluate the effects of various nutrients on a specific outcome. In the substitutional analysis, when some nutrients or foods included in a single statistical model, then investigation of the effects of several nutrients on the specific outcome is more achievable. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed examination of the key aspects of substitution analysis in nutritional sciences.Keywords: substitution analysis, dietary intake, nutritional epidemiolog
The association between Dairy Intake, Simple Sugars and Body Mass Index with Expression and Extent of Anger in Female Students
No full textObjective: A significant increase in violence in the world and its impact on public health and society can be an important reason to offer solutions to reduce or control anger. Studies have shown that specific food groups may be effective in controlling mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and anger. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between food intake and Body Mass Index on state-trait anger expression in female students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 114 female students were randomly selected from dormitories of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Body height and weight were measured using the scale and stadiometer, respectively. The required data for evaluating the relationship between state-trait anger expression and food consumption groups were collected using State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Food Frequency questionnaires.
Results: The results revealed a significant negative correlation between consumption of dairy product and trait anger (angry reaction), (P = 0.015). This association remained significant after adjustment of confounding factors. No significant correlations were found between other food groups as well as BMI and state-trait anger expression.
Conclusion: The higher intake of dairy products reduced state-trait anger expression. This result is consistent with the findings of many studies on the effect of dairy consumption on mental disorders. Therefore, consumption of dairy products can be a solution for reducing anger.
Substitution Analysis in Nutrition Sciences: A Tutorial
No full textEvaluating the effects of nutrients in our diet needs to enter more than one nutrient item (or food groups) in a single statistical unit. Accordingly, not only we consider the effects of a nutrient in health-related subjects, but also we find out the consequences of replacing and deleting nutrients. In nutritional epidemiology, substitutional analysis is used to evaluate the effects of various nutrients on a specific outcome. In the substitutional analysis, when some nutrients or foods are included in a single statistical model, investigation of the effects of several nutrients on the specific outcome is more achievable. The objective of this paper was to provide a detailed examination of the key aspects of substitutional analysis in nutritional sciences
Combination Therapy with Pyridoxine and Arginine Supplementations along with a Lysine-Restricted Diet in Individuals with Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is identified as a rare neurometabolic disease marked by biallelic pathogenic mutations of the ALDH7A1 gene. A combination therapy involving pyridoxine, arginine supplementation (AS), and a lysine-restricted diet (LRD) was frequently reported to effectively improve PDE through reducing neurotoxic lysine metabolites, improving seizure management, and enhancing neurodevelopmental outcomes. Objectives: The study sought to investigate the effects of mono-(pyridoxine), dual-(pyridoxine combined with AS or LRD), and triple-therapy approaches in individuals diagnosed with PDE. Methods: An extensive search was carried out across international databases, comprising Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, to find relevant publications published before 12 November, 2024. The methodological quality assessment of chosen articles was evaluated utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Results: Among 2097 studies reviewed, 38 met inclusion criteria, covering treatment methods for individuals with PDE including mono-therapy (22 articles), dual therapy (9 articles), and triple therapy (7 articles). The results indicated that pyridoxine monotherapy is a highly effective first-line treatment in PDE that improves seizure control with minimal cognitive decline. Combining pyridoxine with an LRD or AS targets metabolic issues, reducing neurotoxic metabolites and enhancing cognitive and motor functions. Early triple therapy, within the first 6 months of life, exhibited significant benefits for seizure management and cognitive performance in patients with PDE. Conclusions: In summary, administration of pyridoxine is highly effective, particularly when combined with AS and an LRD. Triple therapy illustrates promise for improved seizure control and cognitive function, especially when initiated early. Further research is warranted
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