150 research outputs found
مادة البقاء في إصلاح فساد الهواء والتحرر من ضرر الأوباء (المقدسي محمد بن أحمد التميمي)
No full textيجبرك كتاب "مادة البقاء في إصلاح فساد الهواء والتحرر من ضرر الأوباء" للمقدسي محمد بن أحمد التميمي على أن تتوقف وتتورّقه على الأقل. صدر هذا الكتاب عن معهد المخطوطات العربية في القاهرة عام 1999، بتحقيق الأستاذ الباحث يحيى الشعار، الذي قدم له بمقدمة تفصيلية جديرة به وبكاتبها. ويبدو هذا الكتاب المميز مثل تلك الأشياء التي تتحدّى حواسّك وتفحمك، أو مثل صديق قديم لم تتوقع أن تجده أمامك في تلك اللحظة. لماذا أتحدثُ بهذا الدَهَش المتفرِّد عن الكتاب؟! والجواب ببساطة أني لم أكن لأصدق أن أحدًا يمكن أن يؤلف كتابًا عن جودة الهواء وتلوثه قبل أكثر من ألف عام من زماننا. وأكاد أجزم ألّا أحدَ من علمائنا العرب المبرِّزين، سواء ممّن عاصره أو جاء بعده، قد تناول- ولو بشكل غير مباشر- هذا الموضوع الهام. والأكثر إثارة للدهشة أن المؤلف لا يتناول الموضوع باعتباره مادة علمية جافة جديرة بالبحث، بل إنه يتعامل مع "فساد الهواء" كأحد متطلبات الحياة الصحية السليمة، ومن ثم، يربط كل شيء بالصحة النفسية للفرد. لذلك، فإن طريقة معالجته للموضوع تشبه إلى حد كبير ما يسمى أيامنا هذه بالبحوث العابرة للتخصصات، أي تلك التي تتطلب مناقشة الموضوع من زوايا مختلفة. وهذا مرة أخرى سَبْقٌ يُحسب للمؤلف ولكتابه.
أفرد السيد يحيى الشعار، محقق الكتاب، فصلًا كاملًا للحديث عن الجوانب العلمية في الكتاب وأجاد فيما فعل، وليس في نيتي أن أكرر ما ذكره، وهو جدير بالقراءة والتأمل، لكني بدلًا من ذلك، سوف أركز على المفاهيم العلمية الأساسية التي تُتبع حاليًّا في تأليف الكتب العلمية المشابهة، وأرى إن كان المؤلف قد اتبع بعضًا منها، وأين أصاب أو أخطأ؟ وبالطبع يدرك القارئ المطلع على التراث العلمي العربي أن هنالك الكثير من المؤلفات التي عنيت بجوانب الدواء والغذاء، لكن الذي يجعل هذا الكتاب مختلفًا؛ هو الزاوية التي تناول منها المؤلف موضوعه، ففي تصوري أن الكتاب يمثل أول الأعمال العلمية المتعلقة بالأوبئة، فلقد كان الأطباء وإلى فترة ليست بالبعيدة، يعتقدون أن المرض خللٌ يصيب الجسد الإنساني؛ لذا كان معظمهم يكتفي بوصف الأدوية والأغذية والترياقات، وما شابه ذلك. أما مؤلفنا، فإنه يربط للمرة الأولى بين الأمراض وبين الظروف الطبيعية التي يعيشها البشر، وبين علاقة المرض بنوعية الماء الذي يشربه المريض، والهواء الذي يتنفسه
"مادة البقاء في إصلاح فساد الهواء والتحرر من ضرر الأوباء" (المقدسي محمد بن أحمد التميمي)
No full textيجبرك كتاب "مادة البقاء في إصلاح فساد الهواء والتحرر من ضرر الأوباء" للمقدسي محمد بن أحمد التميمي على أن تتوقف وتتورّقه على الأقل. صدر هذا الكتاب عن معهد المخطوطات العربية في القاهرة عام 1999، بتحقيق الأستاذ الباحث يحيى الشعار، الذي قدم له بمقدمة تفصيلية جديرة به وبكاتبها. ويبدو هذا الكتاب المميز مثل تلك الأشياء التي تتحدّى حواسّك وتفحمك، أو مثل صديق قديم لم تتوقع أن تجده أمامك في تلك اللحظة. لماذا أتحدثُ بهذا الدَهَش المتفرِّد عن الكتاب؟! والجواب ببساطة أني لم أكن لأصدق أن أحدًا يمكن أن يؤلف كتابًا عن جودة الهواء وتلوثه قبل أكثر من ألف عام من زماننا. وأكاد أجزم ألّا أحدَ من علمائنا العرب المبرِّزين، سواء ممّن عاصره أو جاء بعده، قد تناول – ولو بشكل غير مباشر – هذا الموضوع الهام. والأكثر إثارة للدهشة أن المؤلف لا يتناول الموضوع باعتباره مادة علمية جافة جديرة بالبحث، بل إنه يتعامل مع "فساد الهواء" كأحد متطلبات الحياة الصحية السليمة، ومن ثم، يربط كل شيء بالصحة النفسية للفرد. لذلك، فإن طريقة معالجته للموضوع تشبه إلى حد كبير ما يسمى أيامنا هذه بالبحوث العابرة للتخصصات، أي تلك التي تتطلب مناقشة الموضوع من زوايا مختلفة. وهذا مرة أخرى سَبْقٌ يُحسب للمؤلف ولكتابه.
أفرد السيد يحيى الشعار، محقق الكتاب، فصلًا كاملًا للحديث عن الجوانب العلمية في الكتاب وأجاد فيما فعل، وليس في نيتي أن أكرر ما ذكره، وهو جدير بالقراءة والتأمل، لكني بدلًا من ذلك، سوف أركز على المفاهيم العلمية الأساسية التي تُتبع حاليًّا في تأليف الكتب العلمية المشابهة، وأرى إن كان المؤلف قد اتبع بعضًا منها، وأين أصاب أو أخطأ؟ وبالطبع يدرك القارئ المطلع على التراث العلمي العربي أن هنالك الكثير من المؤلفات التي عنيت بجوانب الدواء والغذاء، لكن الذي يجعل هذا الكتاب مختلفًا؛ هو الزاوية التي تناول منها المؤلف موضوعه، ففي تصوري أن الكتاب يمثل أول الأعمال العلمية المتعلقة بالأوبئة، فلقد كان الأطباء وإلى فترة ليست بالبعيدة، يعتقدون أن المرض خللٌ يصيب الجسد الإنساني؛ لذا كان معظمهم يكتفي بوصف الأدوية والأغذية والترياقات، وما شابه ذلك. أما مؤلفنا، فإنه يربط للمرة الأولى بين الأمراض وبين الظروف الطبيعية التي يعيشها البشر، وبين علاقة المرض بنوعية الماء الذي يشربه المريض، والهواء الذي يتنفسه
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from roadway
No full textEnergy harvesting technologies have attracted much attention as an alternative power source of roadway accessories in different scales. Piezoelectric materials, which have been widely used in sensor technologies due to their cost-effectiveness, are capable of producing electrical energy from mechanical energy. Therefore, piezoelectric transducers can be designed to harvest the wasted mechanical energy generated under wheel loading that can be stored in an electronic capacitor or integrated with sensors for in-situ road condition monitoring. This dissertation aims to develop a novel design of a piezoelectric transducer with optimized geometry for energy harvesting under vehicular loading in the roadway. The novel Bridge transducer with layered poling is designed to increase the piezoelectric coefficient and the relative dielectric permittivity, which produces much higher energy than traditional transducers. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to predict the generated energy output and the resulted mechanical stress in the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer. The results of the optimization analysis indicate that the optimized geometry parameters can generate the maximum energy output within the stress failure criteria. Later, an energy harvester module that contains multiple stacked transducers, 64 novel transducers, was fabricated and tested under single pulse and cyclic loading events. The main objectives of this part were to evaluate the energy output and fatigue behavior of the piezoelectric energy harvester using laboratory testing and numerical simulation. The analysis results showed that two different material failure models need to be considered in relation to mechanical failure of the Bridge transducer, namely tensile and shear failure. This emphasizes that the optimum design of energy module should consider the balance of energy output and fatigue life that are affected by the fabrication of a single Bridge transducer and the packaging design of the energy module. To take into account the nature of the energy harvester-pavement interaction and to achieve better computation efficiency, the effect of this interaction on pavement responses was studied using a decoupled approach. First, a 3D pavement model was built, and then the pavement responses under the tire contact stresses were calculated. The effects of energy harvester-pavement interaction at different locations, horizontally and vertically, were also analyzed. The results show that the maximum power output of the energy harvester module is around 122mW at a vehicle speed of 65mph and 3 inches embedded depth. Furthermore, embedding the energy harvesting module below 3 inches from the pavement surface is the best location to maximize both power output and service life. Finally, to reveal the potentials of some important technologies for harvesting energy from a pavement network, a case study is discussed, which uses the New Jersey roadway network as the example for analysis. The potential of electrical energy generation for thermoelectric and piezoelectric (cymbal and novel bridge design) technologies were considered. Based on available energy harvesting technologies, a thermoelectric-based pipe system covering the entire New Jersey roadway network may potentially collect 20.11 GWh electrical energy per day, while a piezoelectric transducer system may collect around 3.74 and 10.01MWh of electrical energy per day for cymbal and novel bridge transducer designs, respectively.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Abbas Fadhil Jasi
Geological Characterization and Modelling of Gas Transport in Midra Shale
No full textCO2 capture and sequestration are increasingly becoming more essential for a sustainable energy market. Fossil fuel industry requires CO2 sequestration, and it has the necessary means as well. Essential mechanisms such as mineral trapping and residual trapping of CO2 can be implemented in Qatari reservoirs due to the presence of Calcite and other unique clay minerals such as Palygorskite. Qatari Midra Shale dominantly consists of Palygorskite which is utilized as an adsorbent in the industry. Its unique fibrous lath like structure provides a higher specific surface area for more adsorption relative to the calcite found in Alveolina limestone and Rus formation in general. Additionally, the pore widths are determined to have relative larger size in comparison to shale reservoirs from USA and Mexico. Additionally, the study done in this thesis includes a gas transport model that can relate to the characterization of Midra shale, and a simple gas production model was developed. Furthermore, geo-chemical reactions between Palygorskite and CO2 (with water) were also studied.
Initially, the study deals with the comprehensive characterization of Midra shale and how it is accomplished. Additionally, pore characterization is done in order to report the higher pore volume and pore widths of Palygorskite. Furthermore, the sorptive analyses of the Midra shale were correlated with findings from the prior characterization based on mineralogy, organic content and pore characteristics. To further develop on the hypothesis, investigation and proposal of a representative gas transport model for Midra shale, and an example study of gas production from a hypothetical Midra shale reservoir containing Methane was done. Finally, the process of mineral trapping in Palygorskite was studied by replicating a simple reactive transport model. The model provided an overview of the evolution of the porosity due to any mineral alteration or dissolution. It provides additional credibility towards the complete study done on whether Midra Shale can be a potential “Sink” or a “Source”
Optimization of pavement preservation strategy considering cost and environmental impacts
No full textRoad maintenance is crucial for the purpose of retarding deterioration of pavement, which is a complex and continuous process due to the interaction of heavy traffic, environmental condition, and material aging. The combination of increased traffic and lack of appropriate maintenance causes a higher rate of degeneration in the roads. Transportation agencies need to develop a system for disseminating limited funds and decide the timing to conduct maintenance and repairs. In order to establish a cost-effective budget and achieve the optimum utilization of available resources, the agency needs to decide which maintenance treatment to use and where and when to apply it. The primary objective of this dissertation is to develop network-level pavement preservation decisions considering multiple objectives of cost and environmental impacts. This research will produce multi-objective optimization models designed to provide highway agencies with means of making road maintenance decisions among different concerns. Therefore, this study developed regression models of CO2 emissions for four vehicle types to quantify the environmental impact at the use stage. The simulated constraint boundary method (SCBM) was used as a tool to find Pareto optimal solutions for the pavement multi-objective optimization problem of minimizing agency costs and minimizing CO2 emissions by minimizing average network IRI value. This method is based on solving one objective and converting the other objective to constraint, so the decision makers need to decide first which objective should be considered as the primary objective (the objective that deserves the most attention among the competing objectives). The results show that the crack seal is still the most dominant preservation treatments compared to thin overlay although it has less effect on the reduction of IRI than the thin overlay treatment. So, the objective of minimizing agency cost controls the optimization results although the minimization of CO2 emissions was considered in the optimization process. Another method that was used in this research to achieve both objectives of minimizing agency costs and emissions is the Weighted Sum method. Weighted sum method is based on converting the two objectives into one single objective by adding both objectives together after multiplying each objective by a weighting factor. The value of weighting factor should be considerable relative to other weighting factors and comparative to its corresponding objective function. The results for the distribution of pavement preservation treatments show that less costly preservation treatments were selected for the most segments of the network when the priority of optimization was given to the objective of minimization agency cost. The treatments that have higher effectiveness on pavement condition were selected for the most segments of the network when the objective of minimization CO2 emission is the main objective compared to the other objective.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Israa Fadhil Jasim AL-Saad
Impact of the demise mechanisms of the Cretaceous rudist buildups in the Arabian Plate on their reservoir characteristics
No full textRudist buildups form the major oil-producing reservoirs in the Cretaceous carbonate strata of the Arabian Plate. They are the main components of the Shuaiba and Mishrif and to lesser extent, the Natih, Mauddud, Simsima, and the Hartha Formations. The demise of the rudist buildups in the region was achieved either by destruction, clastic invasion, or drowning. These processes are found to influence the resultant rocks and their reservoir properties. Destruction may lead to wide-scale scattering and deposition of thick, porous, and permeable strata of rudist-bearing grainstone/packstone beyond the buildup areas, whereas, those covered by clastic fronts are subjected to meteoric water and tend to be well-cemented. Drowned buildups tend to be compact and have more argillaceous materials. Both poroperm and capillary pressure data of these rock suites reflect such differentiation. Recognizing these processes may help predicting locations of the best-developed rudist-bearing reservoirs and enhance our understanding of their reservoir characteristics
Konsep sastera Islam oleh Siddiq Fadhil = The concept of Islamic literature according to Siddiq Fadhil
No full textThis study relates to the concept of Islamic literature that was propagated by Prof. Dato’ Dr. Siddiq Fadhil. He has brought a new point of view in the world of literature which is the combination of Islamic literature and Maqasid al Shariah which is a part of al Tahsiniyat. He also set 4 conditions in order to produce an Islamic literature, first: the author of Islamic literature must be a Muslim. Second: that Muslim must live in the religion with real application because through the application, it will create an Islamic literature. Third: Islamic literature must bring the meaning to the devotion of God. Fourth: the Islamic literature must also be beneficial to all the creations of God. In addition, he also not ignoring the two main aspects of a literary: form and theme. Besides, he denied the Art for Art and Art for Society because these two creeds that are not realistic and just illusions
Fate of the cretaceous rudist buildups in the Arabian basin and its impact on their reservoir characteristics
No full textChallenges Associated with Exploring the Cretaceous Rudist Basin-Margin Buildups of the Arabian Basin
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