122,991 research outputs found
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
SEUPD@CLEF: RAFJAM on Longitudinal Evaluation of Model Performance
No full textThis paper is intended to be a report of the work we have done for the CLEF 2023 LongEval Lab, whose main goal is to evaluate and improve performances of IR models along time. We have implemented a basic retrieval system and then modified and extended it, focusing on different query expansion techniques, involving the use of synonyms and pseudo-relevance feedback. We will provide a description of our ideas, code and other development details, along with statistical analysis of the runs of our systems on different test collections
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Influence of Orthodontic Extrusion on Pulpal Vitality of Traumatized Maxillary Incisors
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the effect of orthodontic extrusion on the pulpal vitality of maxillary incisors with a history of trauma. Methods: Pulpal condition was examined clinically (rating of crown color and sensitivity testing with a cryogenic spray) and radiologically (periapical and panoramic radiographs) after orthodontic extrusion of previously traumatized (Orthodontics/Trauma group, n = 77) and nontraumatized teeth (Orthodontics group, n = 400) and after previous dental trauma without subsequent orthodontic treatment (Trauma group, n = 193). Dental traumata were divided into hard tissue injuries (fracture of enamel and enamel chipping, fracture of enamel-dentin without pulpal involvement, fracture of enamel-dentin with pulpal involvement, root fracture, crown-root fracture) and periodontal injuries (concussion, subluxation, intrusion, extrusion, lateral luxation, and avulsion). Results: Teeth in the Orthodontics/Trauma group showed a significantly higher frequency of pulp necrosis than teeth in the Orthodontics group (P <.001) or teeth in the Trauma group (P <.009). In addition, teeth in the Orthodontics/Trauma group with periodontal injuries showed a significantly higher rate of pulp necrosis than teeth in the Orthodontics group (P <.001) or the corresponding teeth in the Trauma group (P =.004). No significant differences were observed between teeth in the Orthodontics/Trauma group with previous hard tissue injuries and teeth in the Orthodontics group or the corresponding teeth in the Trauma group. In addition, no statistically significant differences were determined between central and lateral incisors. Conclusions: The results indicated that maxillary incisors with a history of severe periodontal injury have a higher susceptibility to pulp necrosis during orthodontic extrusion than nontraumatized teeth. (J Endod 2010;36:203-207
Muhammad Anwar Sadat and Soviet-Egyptian Relations in Mid-1950s — Early 1970s: Memoirs of Soviet and Egyptian Politicians
No full textThe Soviet-Egyptian relations from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s are analyzed through the prism of their perception by Soviet and Egyptian politicians and diplomats. The ideological, political and world views of the second Egyptian President Anwar Sadat are shown, which predetermined the turn of Egypt’s foreign policy from cooperation with the USSR to an alliance with the USA. Subsequently publishing his “Autobiography”, Sadat hoped to use it as a tool in solving current political problems, in particular, as a means of substantiating the turn he had made. The argumentation and methods of implementing a new direction in Egypt’s foreign policy are disclosed. The details of the behind-the-scenes game of politicians, which are not reflected in the official diplomatic documentation, are highlighted. The real picture of negotiations and discussions of delicate diplomatic topics at the highest level is being reconstructed. The memoirs reflect the political and social atmosphere of Egyptian society at a turning point in the history of this country. They most clearly trace the influence of the “human factor” on the adoption of certain political decisions. Numerous characteristics of the Soviet and Egyptian partners in the negotiation process are given. Comparison of memoir sources allows us to get as close as possible to the reliable history of Soviet-Egyptian relations of that time
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
Fast implementation of iterative adaptive approach for wideband unambiguous radar detection
No full textAccepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
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