12 research outputs found
The MANVI product: MODIS (MAIAC) nadir-solar adjusted vegetation indices (EVI and NDVI) for South America
No full text<p><strong>Title: </strong>The MANVI product: MODIS (MAIAC) nadir-solar adjusted vegetation indices (EVI and NDVI) for South America.</p>
<p><strong>Authors:</strong> Dalagnol, Ricardo; Wagner, Fabien Hubert; Galvão, Lênio Soares; Aragão, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz.</p>
<p><strong>Contact:</strong> Ricardo Dalagnol ([email protected])</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Data:</strong> MODIS (MAIAC) EVI and NDVI indices</p>
<p><strong>Scale factor</strong>: 10000</p>
<p><strong>Coverage:</strong> South America land</p>
<p><strong>Time period:</strong> 2000 to 2018 (starting in 2000, Julian day 64) - <em>Note: 2018 might have a bias due to processing - I advise to use 2000-2017</em></p>
<p><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 1 km</p>
<p><strong>Temporal resolution:</strong> 16 days</p>
<p><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> geographic projection, datum WGS-84</p>
<p><strong>Processing details:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The original MODIS (MAIAC) data were described by Lyasputin et al. 2011 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014986">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014986</a>). The daily MODIS (MAIAC) surface reflectance data from collection 6, acquired from Terra and Aqua satellites, are available from the MCD19A1 product (<a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A1">https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A1</a>). The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model parameters are available from MCD19A3 product (<a href="https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A3">https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/6/MCD19A3</a>)</li>
<li>The daily MCD19A1 data at 1 km spatial resolution were normalized using the BRDF parameters and Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) model considering a fixed nadir view and a 45 deg. solar zenith angle using the parameters from the MCD19A3 product</li>
<li>The daily data were aggregated into 16-day composites by the pixel’s median. The 16-day composites always start from Day Of Year (DOY) 016 and end with DOY 352. Therefore, the remaining days from 352 to 365/366 were not used. This procedure was used to facilitate inter-annual comparisons</li>
<li>The tiles that cover the South America were mosaicked and re-projected from sinusoidal to geographic projection</li>
<li>The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were calculated using standard formulas. The EVI parameters were: C1 = 6, C2 = 7.5, L = 1, G = 2.5</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>File(s) format:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Zip files for EVI and NDVI - one per year:
<ul>
<li>Inside them there are raster files with ".tif" format, one per 16-day window. The filename syntax is "maiac_southamerica_DATA_YYYYDOY.tif", where YYYY is the year (from 2000 to 2018), and the DOY is the Julian day of the last day of the composite window, i.e. YYYYDOY for January 2005 for DOY from 001 to 016 is 2005016, from DOY 017 to 032 is 2005032, etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Csv files with the YYYYDOY and "real" dates for the time period</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/ricds/maiac_processing">https://github.com/ricds/maiac_processing</a></p>
<p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong> This work was funded by São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP, Brazil, grant 2015/22987-7. We thank NASA, and especially Yujie Wang and Alexei Lyapustin, for providing the freely available MODIS (MAIAC) data.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Dataset usage</strong>: This dataset is a product of the first author's PhD work and lots of hours of coding and patience. It is free to use, but if you use this dataset in your work, please make sure to properly cite the repository. We also welcome users to invite us for collaboration.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>For use of this dataset please cite:</strong></p>
<p>Dalagnol, Ricardo; Wagner, Fabien Hubert; Galvão, Lênio Soares; Aragão, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz. (2019). "The MANVI product: MODIS (MAIAC) nadir-solar adjusted vegetation indices (EVI and NDVI) for South America". (Version v1) [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3159488">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3159488</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>More information: </strong>contact Ricardo Dalagnol ([email protected]). We also have the MODIS (MAIAC) BRDF-corrected bands 1-8, EVI, NDVI at 1 km with 16-day and monthly aggregation composites.</p>
Comparative study of vitamin D3 levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome vs non-polycystic ovarian females
No full textBackground: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and has a strong genetic component with a prevalence of 6–10% in the general population. Metabolic disturbances are common in women suffering from PCOS: 30–40% have impaired glucose tolerance and IR with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and as many as 10% will have type 2 diabetes mellitus by their fourth decade. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as the possible missing link between IR and PCOS. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D are the two most common endocrine disorders in young women leading to many adverse metabolic consequences. This study aims to estimate vitamin D3 levels in patients of polycystic ovarian disease and compare it with non PCOS females and to study correlation between Vitamin D3 levels and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Methods: The present patient population case control study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Jaipur Golden Hospital diagnosed involving cases of PCOS and controls of non PCOS (48 each) by random sampling method from September 2019 to June 2021. History, general examination, systemic examination and Vitamin D levels was taken for each patient.
Results: Mean vitamin D value of cases was 14.57±6.86 ng/ml and that in controls was 29.31±6.53 ng/ml. When we compared the mean vitamin D value of both the groups, there was statistically significant difference found between the two groups. . We found significant negative correlation found between vitamin D value with age and BMI.
Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D is very common in PCOS patients and exacerbates the metabolic abnormalities. It is essential to screen all the PCOS patients for 25OHD deficiency and institute appropriate replacement therapy to prevent the adverse consequences
Abraham Maslow’s Notion of Self- Actualization in Philip Roth’s American Pastoral
No full textThis article makes the argument more specifically on the humanistic psychology; a vibrant movement of the late 1950s; emphasizing the qualities, growth, need, creativity, and motivation of an individual. Philip Roth’s American Pastoral was an American classic, a novel of
American culture. It is not only a biography, but an intensive interpretation of the fall of American dream. The author demonstrates the American Pastoral from the humanistic point of view. This paper attempts to analyse the humanistic attitudes and values in the novel American Pastoral. The process from the basic to the being needs in the novel is being critically expressed within the framework of the humanistic psychology
Link stability estimation based on link connectivity changes in mobile ad-hoc networks
No full textDear Wang,
Re: Link Stability Estimation Based on Link Connectivity Changes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
I have not been able to assess if this is an author version peer-reviewed or is it an author version non peer reviewed. Could you please clarify this so I can proceed to add your paper to Spiral. Spiral digital repository only accept peer-reviewed papers.
30/11/12 author has confirmed peer reviewe
Detecting Traffic Conditions Model Based On Clustering Nodes Situations In VANET
No full textIn the last decade, cooperative vehicular network has been one of the most studied areas for developing the intelligent transportation systems (ITS). It is considered as an important approach to share the periodic traffic situations over vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to improve efficiency and safety over the road. However, there are a number of issues in exchanging traffic data over high mobility of VANET, such as broadcast storms, hidden nodes and network instability.
This paper proposes a new model to detect the traffic conditions using clustering traffic situations that are gathered from the nodes (vehicles) in VANET. The model designs new principles of multi-level clustering to detect the traffic condition for road users. Our model (a) divides the situations of vehicles into clusters, (b) designs a set of metrics to get the correlations among vehicles and (c) detects the traffic condition in certain areas. These metrics are simulated using the network simulator environment (NS-3) to study the effectiveness of the model
Harvesting Plasmonic Near-Infrared Photons by Hot Hole Transfer in Nonstoichiometric-Semiconductor Plasmonic Heterojunctions
No full textInfrared light is an untapped energy source that accounts
for half
of solar energy. Thus, harvesting near-infrared photons for different
applications needs further development for efficient utilization of
the whole solar spectrum. Herein, we report harvesting infrared photons
by hot hole transfer from a nonstoichiometric plasmonic semiconductor
(Cu2–xSe) to an adjacent semiconductor
(CdSe) in the heterostructure (HNCs). We found a decrease in transient
signal intensity and hole–phonon scattering time in Cu2–xSe/CdSe HNCs compared to the pure
Cu2–xSe nanocrystals, attributed
to plasmon-induced hot hole transfer. A similar kind of TA kinetics
has been observed for 800 and 930 nm laser pulse excitation for Cu2–xSe/CdSe HNCs. The spectroscopic
results reveal anomalous carrier populations and slow carrier recovery
dynamics at the 1P state of the CdSe phase in Cu2–xSe/CdSe HNCs, further establishing the plasmonic
hot hole transfer mechanism. The estimated plasmon-induced hot hole
transfer time from the nonstoichiometric semiconductor Cu2–xSe NC system is determined and found to be ∼177
fs. Fabricated plasmonic thin-film devices exhibit an excellent conductivity
(0.15 A at 2 V) and photoconductivity (0.2 A at 2 V) under near-infrared
light illustration (λlight = 1200 nm) in a plasmonic
HNC system. These results reveal a novel approach for harvesting light
photons from the visible to near-infrared region of the solar spectrum
and provide a new avenue for developing hot carrier-based device applications
of plasmonic semiconductor-based nanomaterials
Heated, humidified air for the common cold
No full textBackground:
Heated, humidified air has long been used by people with the common cold. The theoretical basis is that steam may help congested mucus drain better and that heat may destroy the cold virus as it does in vitro. This is an update of a review last published in 2013.
Objectives:
To assess the effects of inhaling heated water vapour (steam) in the treatment of the common cold by comparing symptoms, viral shedding, and nasal resistance.
Search methods:
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (to February 2017), MEDLINE (1966 to 24 February 2017), Embase (1990 to 24 February 2017), and Current Contents (1998 to 24 February 2017). We also searched World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) (8 March 2017) and ClinicalTrials.gov (8 March 2017) as well as reference lists of included studies.
Selection criteria:
Randomised controlled trials using heated water vapour in participants with the common cold or experimentally induced common cold were eligible for inclusion.
Data collection and analysis:
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Three review authors independently screened titles and abstracts for inclusion of potential studies identified from the search. We recorded the selection process in sufficient detail to complete a PRISMA flow diagram. We used a data collection form for study characteristics and outcome data that was developed and used for previous versions of this review. Two review authors independently extracted data, and a third review author resolved any disagreements. We used Review Manager 5 software to analyse data.
Main results:
We included six trials from five publications involving a total of 387 participants. We included no new studies in this 2017 update. The 'Risk of bias' assessment suggested an unclear risk of bias in the domain of randomisation and a low risk of bias in performance, detection, attrition, and reporting.
It was uncertain whether heated, humidified air provides symptomatic relief for the common cold, as the fixed‐effect analysis showed evidence of an effect (odds ratio (OR) 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.56; 2 studies, 149 participants), but the random‐effects analysis showed no significant difference in the results (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 1.95). There is an argument for using either form of analysis. No studies demonstrated an exacerbation of clinical symptom scores. One study conducted in the USA demonstrated worsened nasal resistance, but an earlier Israeli study showed improvement. One study examined viral shedding in nasal washings, finding no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.04 to 5.19). As judged by the subjective response to therapy (i.e. therapy did not help), the number of participants reporting resolution of symptoms was not significantly higher in the heated humidified group (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.18; 2 studies, 124 participants). There was significant heterogeneity in the effects of heated, humidified air on different outcomes, therefore we graded the quality of the evidence as low. Some studies reported minor adverse events (including discomfort or irritation of the nose).
Authors' conclusions:
The current evidence does not show any benefits or harms from the use of heated, humidified air delivered via the RhinoTherm device for the treatment of the common cold. There is a need for more double‐blind, randomised trials that include standardised treatment modalities
Plasmon-Induced Ultrafast Hot Hole Transfer in Nonstoichiometric Cu<sub><i>x</i></sub>In<sub><i>y</i></sub>S/CdS Heteronanocrystals
No full textPlasmonic semiconductors are promising candidates for
developing
energy conversion devices due to their tunable band gap, cost-effectiveness,
and nontoxicity. Such materials exhibit remarkable capabilities for
harvesting infrared photons, which constitute half of the solar energy
spectrum. Herein, we have synthesized near-infrared (NIR) active CuxInyS nanocrystals
and CuxInyS/CdS heterostructure nanocrystals (HNCs) to investigate plasmon-induced
charge transfer dynamics on an ultrafast time scale. Employing femtosecond
transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that upon exciting
the HNCs with sub-band gap NIR photons (λ = 840 nm), the hot
holes are generated in the valence band of plasmonic CuxInyS and transferred
to the adjacent semiconductor. The decreased signal intensity and
accelerated hole phonon relaxation dynamics for HNCs reveal efficient
transfer of plasmon-induced hot carriers from CuxInyS to CdS under both 840 and
350 nm laser excitations, providing a pathway for enhanced carrier
utilization. These findings shed light on the potential of ternary
chalcogenides in plasmonic applications, highlighting efficient hot
carrier extraction to adjacent semiconductors
Fast Polaron Formation and Low Carrier Mobility in Defect-Free Polyhedral CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
No full textAlbeit enormous achievement has already
been made in photovoltaic
and optoelectronic fields with perovskites, further advancement is
needed to address key challenges encountered in these systems. Here,
we synthesized polyhedral dodecahedron cesium lead bromide (dodecahedron-CsPbBr3) perovskite, which offers new polar facets exposed on the
surface, longer carrier lifetime, and high photoluminescence (PL)
quantum yield. PL investigation conducted at cryogenic temperature
for dodecahedron-CsPbBr3 is clearly indicative of the absence
of bound excitons originating from shallow traps, which otherwise
are prevalent in conventional CsPbBr3 nanocubes (cube).
The prolonged carrier cooling and 20–30% enhanced biexciton
yield from transient absorption (TA) studies can be directly correlated
with rapid polaron formation (0.25 ps) and defect-free nature of dodecahedron-CsPbBr3. Furthermore, temperature-dependent TA studies illustrate
accelerated carrier cooling as the lattice temperature is lowered
up to 5 K, which is related to the incapability of the lattice to
support polarons. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopic measurements reflect
lower carrier mobility in dodecahedron-CsPbBr3 than that
in cube-CsPbBr3, validating the claim of slower carrier
cooling as demonstrated by TA studies. These findings make dodecahedron-CsPbBr3 a potential contender for advanced next-generation efficient
optoelectronic devices
New Solutions on LLM Acceleration, Optimization, and Application
No full textLarge Language Models (LLMs) have become extremely potent instruments with
exceptional capacities for comprehending and producing human-like text in a
wide range of applications. However, the increasing size and complexity of LLMs
present significant challenges in both training and deployment, leading to
substantial computational and storage costs as well as heightened energy
consumption. In this paper, we provide a review of recent advancements and
research directions aimed at addressing these challenges and enhancing the
efficiency of LLM-based systems. We begin by discussing algorithm-level
acceleration techniques focused on optimizing LLM inference speed and resource
utilization. We also explore LLM-hardware co-design strategies with a vision to
improve system efficiency by tailoring hardware architectures to LLM
requirements. Further, we delve into LLM-to-accelerator compilation approaches,
which involve customizing hardware accelerators for efficient LLM deployment.
Finally, as a case study to leverage LLMs for assisting circuit design, we
examine LLM-aided design methodologies for an important task: High-Level
Synthesis (HLS) functional verification, by creating a new dataset that
contains a large number of buggy and bug-free codes, which can be essential for
training LLMs to specialize on HLS verification and debugging. For each aspect
mentioned above, we begin with a detailed background study, followed by the
presentation of several novel solutions proposed to overcome specific
challenges. We then outline future research directions to drive further
advancements. Through these efforts, we aim to pave the way for more efficient
and scalable deployment of LLMs across a diverse range of applications.Comment: This is an expanded and more comprehensive study based on our invited
DAC-24 paper with the same title and co-author
