628 research outputs found
Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India
No full textMandal, Sumit, Deb, Soumya (2018): Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India. Zootaxa 4531 (3): 419-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.3.
FIGURE 1 in Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India
No full textFIGURE 1. Map of the study area showing the sampling stations.Published as part of Mandal, Sumit & Deb, Soumya, 2018, Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India, pp. 419-429 in Zootaxa 4531 (3) on page 421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/261476
Sigambra sundarbanensis Bhowmik & Ghoshal & Salazar-Vallejo & Mandal 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D315C406-6F83-413C-BFCA-E00A8D83070C</p> <p>Figs 2–5; Table 2</p> Diagnosis <p> A species of <i>Sigambra</i> with median antenna reaching up to chaetigers 3–4, 2–3 times as long as lateral antennae; tentacular segment 3–4 times as wide as long. Pharynx with 14 prismatic projected lobes. Dorsal cirri larger than ventral ones, largest in chaetiger 1. Ventral cirri absent in chaetiger 2. Notopodial hooks start in chaetiger 8, accompanied by notoacicula; neuropodia with various types of capillary chaetae. Parapodial spaces with glandular, tubular structures.</p> Etymology <p>The type locality (river Thakuran) is a tidal estuarine river of the Sundarbans Estuarine System. The epithet of this new species refers to the entire estuarine system, i.e., Indian Sundarbans.</p> Type material <p> <b>Holotype</b> INDIA • complete spec.; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 501.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> INDIA • 4 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T6; 21°45′35.90″ N, 88°29′8.53″ E; depth 10 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 502 to PUZ 505 • 3 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Aug. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 506 to PUZ 508 • 6 complete specs; river Thakuran, stn T8; 21°39′3.73″ N, 88°30′25.17″ E; depth 26 m; Dec. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 514 to PUZ 519 • 2 incomplete specs; river Matla, stn M5; 21°45′18.20″ N, 88°38′25.20″ E; depth 11 m; Jan. 2019; Moumita Bhowmik and Sumit Mandal leg.; in sediment; PUZ 490 to PUZ 491.</p> Sampling site and type locality <p> Various environmental factors that characterize the sampling sites are in Table 1. Bottom water salinity ranged from 17.0 in August to 23.42 in January 2019. Sediment temperature was found to be at its maximum in August 2019. Organic enrichment in sediment was moderate, ranging from 0.78 to 1.78%. In terms of granulometry, the study sites are mostly silty with comparatively finer and coarser particles that vary seasonally. The lowest proportion of clay was represented in the soil texture during the monsoon (0.15–0.35%). The sediment texture of the type locality was characterized by a high silt percentage and a lower sand percentage that further decreased in the post-monsoon season (Dec. 2019). Bottom water salinity level varied from 17 to 21 (Table 1). Morphological and morphometric data are in Table 2 and the comparison of the new species with all other accepted species of <i>Sigambra</i> is in Table 3.</p> <p> The holotype of <i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. was collected from the river Thakuran (station T 8) and paratypes were collected from both the rivers Thakuran and Matla in January 2019, August 2019 and December 2019. A morphometric analysis was performed for all the collected specimens. Moreover, a global map (Fig. 2) has been presented for all the accepted species of <i>Sigambra</i> based on their type locations.</p> Description <p> <b>Holotype</b> (PUZ 501)</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS. Complete, 5.63 mm long, 0.32 mm wide at chaetiger 8–9 (average width 0.28 mm), 64 chaetigers (Fig. 3A).</p> <p>BODY. Obconic, sub cylindrical along anterior end, depressed thereafter.</p> <p>PROSTOMIUM. Blunt, bilobed, three times as wide as long. Palps biarticulated directed ventrally; palpophores large, palpostyles small. Pharynx exposed with 14 prismatic marginal papillae, tips distinct</p> <p>(Fig. 3C). Antennae cirriform, lateral antennae subdistally located, smaller than median one (Fig. 3B). Median antenna 2.3 times as long as laterals, reaching up to chaetiger 4.</p> <p>TENTACLES. Tentacular segment 3–4 times as wide as long; two pairs of tentacular cirri, dorsal tentacular cirri slightly larger than ventral ones.</p> <p>CIRRI. Parapodial cirri triangular, tapered, foliose, longer than wide. Dorsal cirri longer than ventral cirri throughout, largest in chaetiger 1, reaching up to chaetiger 5 (Fig. 3D). Chaetiger 2 with smallest dorsal cirri, without ventral cirri. Parapodia with reduced notopodia and well developed neuropodia.</p> <p>NOTOPODIA. Include distally curved dorsal hooks from chaetiger 8 (Fig. 3D), head of hook not exposed outside body wall to chaetiger 22, fully exposed from chaetiger 23, continued along body (Fig. 3E) up to last 2 pre-pygidial chaetigers (Fig. 3G). From chaetiger 8 onwards, hooks accompanied with acicula (Fig. 5A–B). Neurochaetae include 2–4 short wide pectinate chaetae with variable number of spinulose or serrated capillaries (Figs 3F, 5A).</p> <p>GLANDS. Parapodial glands starting from chaetiger 5, developed gradually up to chaetiger 60. Each gland with 2–6 large tubular cells, varying in shape and size (Fig. 4B, 5D). These tubular structures converge ventrally from wide base of coelomic ramus. Tubular structures rudimentary (L: 19 µm, W: 11 µm) or fully developed (L: 50 µm, W: 8 µm); inner features unknown.</p> <p>PYGIDIUM. Laterally expanded with 2 ventral cirri, as long as 3–4 median chaetigers (Fig. 3G).</p> <p>OOCYTES. Not seen.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b></p> <p>A total of 13 complete and 2 incomplete paratypes show a minor characteristic variation. They were 2.18–8.91 mm long (5.09 ± 2.29 mm), 0.08–0.41 mm wide (0.15 ± 0.08 mm); median antennae were 0.2–0.57 mm long (0.36 ± 0.11 mm) reaching up to chaetigers 3–4. Oocytes (Figs 4A, 5C) 12–36 µm in diameter (23.33 ± 6.90 μm). Glandular structures in parapodial spaces have been found in most paratypes, they were 14–74 µm long (43.88 ± 17.69 µm) (Table 2). Large tubular glandular cells in chaetigers 47–49 of paratype PUZ 506 are shown in Fig. 4C–D. In other parapodia (chaetigers 12 and 13), tubular cells invade into coelomic space (Fig. 4E–F).</p> Remarks <p> Following the redescription of <i>S</i>. <i>parva</i> by Moreira & Parapar (2002), it can be stated that <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. resembles <i>S. parva</i> Day, 1963. They have similar characteristics, such as median antenna longer than lateral ones, reaching chaetigers 3–4, and pharynx with 14 marginal papillae. However, they differ in several features, the most notable ones being the starting point of the dorsal hooks and the absence of capillary chaetae in the notopodia. In <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov., the first appearance of dorsal hooks from chaetiger 8 remains constant in all 16 specimens, irrespective of specimen size. The hooks are accompanied by a single acicula, and the last two chaetigers are hookless. The notopodia are devoid of any capillary chaetae, neuropodia with 2–4 short pectinate chaetae with a variable number of spinulose or serrated capillaries, and the relative size of the median antenna is 2.3 times as long as the lateral ones. In comparison with <i>S. parva</i>, the median antenna is 1.5 times as long as the lateral ones, the notopodial hook starts from chaetigers 4–5 and is accompanied by single capillary chaetae in the posterior parapodial segments, neuropodia with 1–2 pectinate chaetae, but the number of hookless chaetigers is not mentioned in the literature (Day 1963; Moreira & Parapar 2002).</p> Distribution <p> <i>Sigambra sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. is only known from the rivers Matla and Thakuran of the Indian Sundarbans.</p> Ecology <p>All specimens of this new species were found in mangrove habitats with silty sand sediments, in depths of 11 to 26 m. Mature specimens, with developed oocytes, were recorded in August and December 2019 from Thakuran River. Among all the abiotic factors, salinity plays a pivotal role in ecology and</p> <p> distribution of species across the globe, as this acts as a physiological barrier for both stenohaline and euryhaline species. <i>Sigambra parva</i> was recorded from Cape Province, South Africa (Day 1963) and the Mediterranean coast of Spain (Moreira & Parapar 2002), where the water salinity remains higher than30%, whereas the localities of <i>S. sundarbanensis</i> sp. nov. had a salinity of 17–23.42%. Additionally, <i>S. parva</i> had a comparatively higher range of depth variation from 2 to 97 meters (Day 1963; Moreira & Parapar 2002).</p>Published as part of <i>Bhowmik, Moumita, Ghoshal, Priya, Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. & Mandal, Sumit, 2021, Sigambra sundarbanensis sp. nov. (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Indian sector of Sundarbans Estuarine System, with remarks on parapodial glands, pp. 49-66 in European Journal of Taxonomy 744</i> on pages 51-60, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.744.1301, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4671462">http://zenodo.org/record/4671462</a>
Cabira rangarajani n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Goa coast, central west coast of India
No full textMandal, Sumit, Harkantra, Sadanand N., Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2007): Cabira rangarajani n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Goa coast, central west coast of India. Zootaxa 1446: 21-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17613
Ancistrosyllis matlaensis Mandal & Deb 2018, n. sp.
No full textAncistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Figs 2–4) Material examined. Holotype- PUZ-323, (Length 48 mm; width 0.6 mm; 80 chaetigers): collected from Station 3 (21°50'16.9" N, 88°39'31.7" E) in Matla river in Sundarban Estuarine System, India from 2 m depth, silty-sand, during September 2016. Paratypes- 2 specimens PUZ-357 and PUZ-358 from station number 4 (21°47'34.37" N, 88°39'1.02" E) collected December 2016, 1 PUZ-359, collected February 2017. Diagnosis. Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. is characterized by the absence of eyes, presence of two lateral antennae and absence of median antennae. Dorsal cirri from 1 st chaetiger and ventral cirri from 2 nd chaetiger. Notopodial hook from 7 th chaetiger; notopodia reduced and neuropodia truncate and straight. Description (based on Holotype). Specimen complete, with 80 segments and 48 mm long and 0.6 mm wide. Body creamy white, depressed, tapered anteriorly (Figs 2a, 3a). Prostomium broad, with two lateral antennae, median antennae absent. Eyes absent. Palps biarticulate, divergent; palpophores comparatively larger than palpostyles (Fig. 2b). Pharynx globular, soft, unarmed, with denticles (Fig. 2c) and marginal papillae absent. Peristomium fused to prostomium. Parapodia poorly developed, ovoid, truncate and papillose. Cirri present on all parapodia. Two pairs of tentacular cirri, conical, papillose and inserted laterally. Dorsal cirri present from 1 st chaetiger, ovoid, papillose, papillae minute and quadrate, slightly longer than subsequent ones. Neuropodia truncate and straight, dorsal cirri smaller than ventral ones in segments which bears both of them (i.e. from 2 nd segment onwards). Notochaetae present from chaetiger 7; a large hook above dorsal cirrus resembling barbless fish hook (Fig. 4a, b). Neurochaetae sabre shaped, with bent falcate bidentate tips (Fig. 3d), smaller neurochaetae with minute serrated blades (Fig. 4c, d). Pygidium bilobed with two lateral digitate anal cirri, covered with minute quadrate papillae (Fig. 2d). Variations in Paratypes: except for minor variation in size they are entirely identical to the holotype (Fig. 3b, c). Distribution. Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. is only known from the type locality river Matla. It represents the first record of the genus from Sundarban Estuarine System, India. Comparison. Comprehensive comparisons with all other species assigned under genus Ancistrosyllis are provided in Table 2. Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. differs from A. groenlandica, A. hartmanae, A. commensalis, A. breviceps, A. fironii, A. jonesi and A. cingulata in lacking a median antenna. A. matlaensis n. sp. is different from A. quellina, A. papillosa and A. carolinensis in showing the first appearance of notopodial hooks from 7 th chaetiger. Among all the species currently classified under Ancistrosyllis, A. matlaensis n. sp. is most similar to A. falcata in having the first notopodial hooked setae from chaetiger 7. However, A. matlaensis n. sp. differs from A. falcata in lacking eyes (vs. presence of eyes in A. falcata). These two species also differ in the shape of their tentacular cirri, conical and fusiform in A. matlaensis n. sp. and A. falcata respectively. Furthermore, ventral cirri are larger than the dorsal ones in the new species and start from the second segment whereas in A. falcata the character state is exactly opposite—ventral cirri are smaller than dorsal ones and starts from first segment. Neuropodia truncate and straight in new species but truncate, bent and downwards in A. falcata (Table 2). The neurochaetae of A. matlaensis n. sp. are similar, but vary in length and shape (curved serrated cutting edges and bidentate tips); whereas in other species of Ancistrosyllis neurochaetae are of varying length, where the shorter ones are limbate, poorly spiny or indented and the longer capillaries are narrow and smooth. Ecological notes. Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. lives in silty-sand at depth of 2 m, in a salinity of 16.68 PSU. One important abiotic variable, salinity, is quite different between the A. matlaensis n. sp. and A. falcata —which the former closely resembles. The new species has been recorded from 16.68 PSU (the average annual salinity of the two collecting stations are 21.68 PSU [M3] and 20.91 PSU [M4]) and A. falcata has usually been recorded in waters with salinity 28-38.6 PSU (Bogdanos & Satsmadjis 1983, Bogdanos & Satsmadjis 1987 and Nicolaidou & Papadopoulou 1989); (Day [1957] did not provide ecological data for the type locality but at Inhaca Island which is the type locality of A. falcata the salinity is usually much higher than the new species collection locality [Macnae & Kalk 1962]). Etymology. This species is being named after the river Matla, one of the largest river of Sundarban Estuarine System. Conclusion. Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. is described from the Indian waters and contributes to the knowledge about the morphological features and its relation to various ecological factors of this species. This report will contribute to the polychaete checklist of Indian waters. As has also been said above there are important morphological and ecological differences between the new species and A. falcata which proves that the present species is a different evolutionary lineage. Hence, it is a different species according to General Lineage Concept (Queiroz 1998).Published as part of Mandal, Sumit & Deb, Soumya, 2018, Ancistrosyllis matlaensis n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Sundarban Estuarine System, India, pp. 419-429 in Zootaxa 4531 (3) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/261476
FIGURE 1. Cabira rangarajani n in Cabira rangarajani n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Goa coast, central west coast of India
No full textFIGURE 1. Cabira rangarajani n. sp. Holotype NIO-GLBMUR1 a) Anterior end, dorsal view; b) paratype NIO- GLBMUR2, anterior end, dorsal view; c) holotype, anterior end, ventral view; d) holotype, chaetiger 8 with dorsal hooks and non-limbate capillary chaetae; e) holotype, dorsal hooks from chaetiger 7; f) holotype, neurochaetae from chaetiger 2; g) holotype, posterior end, dorsal view with two anal cirri (papillated) (scales.- a, c: 260 Μm; b, g: 130 Μm; d, e: 30 Μm; f: 20 Μm).Published as part of Mandal, Sumit, Harkantra, Sadanand N. & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2007, Cabira rangarajani n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Goa coast, central west coast of India, pp. 21-29 in Zootaxa 1446 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17613
Constitutional Validity of Implementation of Mandal Commission Recommendations
No full textThe author argues that the Government action on the Mandal Commission is constitutionally valid. It does not in any way violate any of the Fundamental Rights let alone Articles 14, 15 and 16. However, the author concedes, considering the volatile situation at hand and the instability writ large in the political scenario, it is difficult to be certain as to how the Supreme Court will react. The author maintains that it is possible to uphold the Mandal Commission government action by focusing on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of Articles 14, 15 and 16 as three provisions form part of one code, each embodying a different facet of the guarantee of equality. (Editor’s abstract.
Constitutional Validity of Implementation of Mandal Commission Recommendations
No full textThe author argues that the Government action on the Mandal Commission is constitutionally valid. It does not in any way violate any of the Fundamental Rights let alone Articles 14, 15 and 16. However, the author concedes, considering the volatile situation at hand and the instability writ large in the political scenario, it is difficult to be certain as to how the Supreme Court will react. The author maintains that it is possible to uphold the Mandal Commission government action by focusing on the Supreme Court’s interpretation of Articles 14, 15 and 16 as three provisions form part of one code, each embodying a different facet of the guarantee of equality. (Editor’s abstract.
Finding their place: a History af arabs in java under dutch rule, 1800-1924 (thesis)/ mandal
No full textCabira Webster 1879
No full textCabira Webster, 1879 Cabira Webster, 1879: 67; Hartman, 1947: 510; Pettibone, 1966: 177; Britayev & Saphronova, 1981: 1319; Wolf, 1984:29.5. Diagnosis (Following Wolf, 1984): Prostomium small. Palps biarticulate, palpophore large, palpostyle minute. Lateral antennae papilliform; median antennae absent. Peristomium fused to prostomium. Tentacular cirri minute, two pairs. Parapodia poorly-developed, sub-biramous; notopodia with small dorsal cirri and large dorsal hooks, present from anterior chaetiger onwards, with granulose tips; neuropodia with ventral cirri in most chaetigers, neurochaetae long or short capillaries, sometimes bifid. Pygidium bilobed; anal cirri small, or absent. Proboscis eversible, with denticles or papillae. Remarks: Licher & Westheide (1994) described Cabira as having jaws. However, the only pilargid genus possessing jaws is Talehsapia (Salazar-Vallejo et al., 2001); Cabira has only denticles on its proboscis. Britayev & Saphronova (1981) revised Cabira; and they transferred Loandalia capensis Day (1963), into their new genus Paracabira. The body of L. capensis is very simplified, since it lacks several diagnostic features such as lateral antennae, notopodial cirri, and its proboscis has papillae instead of denticles. Although the relative number of antennae is not diagnostic, the other differences might be relevant to separate different genera. However, the type material of C. capensis has not been studied since the original description; thus, these diagnostic features deserve confirmation. Pettibone (1966) disregarded these differences and included L. capensis in Cabira. We, just like Wolf (1984), follow her approach with hesitation, pending the revision of the type material for P. c a p e n s i s. The species can be identified with the key below.Published as part of Mandal, Sumit, Harkantra, Sadanand N. & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2007, Cabira rangarajani n. sp. (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from the Goa coast, central west coast of India, pp. 21-29 in Zootaxa 1446 on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17613
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