4 research outputs found
Ameliorative role of salicylic acid on morpho-anatomy and physiology of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under lead stress
No full textHeavy metals, due to their pervasiveness is serious threat to crop productivity. Lead (Pb) is an incredibly toxic and unnecessary heavy metal that makes its entry into the plants via contaminated soil. Salicylic acid (SA), a plant-derived hormone has the ability to assist pants to strengthen their immune system against toxic metals like lead (Pb). This research intends to investigate the alleviating impact of salicylic acid on the morphology, anatomy and physiology of B. napus (rapeseed) plants during the toxicity of lead (Pb). The plants were treated with 3 levels of lead (lead nitrate) i.e. 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM along with salicylic acid and without salicylic acid. Two levels of salicylic acid i.e. 0.5 mM and 1 mM were used in the form of foliar spray. The results indicated that Pb induced damage is alleviated by SA and the morphological traits were improved i.e root length (58%), shoot length (16%), root fresh weight (73%), shoot fresh weight (79%) and dry weight of root (66%) and shoot (74%), number of leaves (87%), leaf area (61%), and yield (78%) as compared to Pb stress. Similarly, the anatomical features i.e. epidermal thickness (46-63%), vascular tissue area (42-54%), cellular thickness (27-59%) of the plant also improved with SA treatment in comparison to Pb stress. The physiological parameter i.e chlorophyll pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll) were also increased by 2-4% with SA as compared to Pb toxicity. However, the higher level of SA (1 mM) proved less beneficial as compared to the lower level (0.5 mM) in mitigating the effects caused by stress. According to these outcomes, SA could serve as a helpful approach for enhancing the tolerance of B. napus to withstand stressed conditions, hence improving crop resilience in Pb-containing soils
Co-concentration effect of silane with natural extract on biodegradable polymeric films for food packaging
No full textMapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study
No full textIntroduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool. Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study. The overall sample comprised T1-weighted MRI data from 482 individuals with EOP and 469 healthy controls. Each site performed the VBM analysis locally using the standardized ENIGMA-VBM tool. Statistical parametric T-maps were generated from each cohort and meta-analyzed to reveal voxel-wise differences between EOP and healthy controls as well as the individual-based association between GM volume and age of onset, chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalent dose, and other clinical variables. Results: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with EOP showed widespread lower GM volume encompassing most of the cortex, with the most marked effect in the left median cingulate (Hedges’ g = 0.55, p = 0.001 corrected), as well as small clusters of lower white matter (WM), whereas no regional GM or WM volumes were higher in EOP. Lower GM volume in the cerebellum, thalamus and left inferior parietal gyrus was associated with older age of onset. Deficits in GM in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right insula, right precentral gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus were also associated with higher CPZ equivalent doses. Conclusion: EOP is associated with widespread reductions in cortical GM volume, while WM is affected to a smaller extent. GM volume alterations are associated with age of onset and CPZ equivalent dose but these effects are small compared to case-control differences. Mapping anatomical abnormalities in EOP may lead to a better understanding of the role of psychosis in brain development during childhood and adolescence. © The Author(s) 2023
