1,721,069 research outputs found
Hirschsprung’s disease: m6A methylase VIRMA suppresses cell migration and proliferation by regulating GSK3β
No full textVitamin D Immunomodulatory Aspects
No full textVitamin D is a group of liposoluble prohormones consisting of 5 different vitamins, the most important forms being vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. The ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) is less efficacious and derives from irradiated fungi, while colecalciferol (vitamin D3), derived from cholesterol, is synthesized via ultraviolet B rays in animal organisms. Only the ultraviolet B rays (290 to 315 nm) portion of the solar ray photolyzes 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3, which is converted subsequently to vitamin D3. Moreover, the skin makes little vitamin D from the sun at latitudes above 37 degrees north or below 37 degrees south of the equator. Calcidiol [25(OH)D] is the more stable metabolite of vitamin D in serum and the best indicator of the vitamin D status. Optimal values range are >30 ng/mL. Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D] is the active hormone form of vitamin D. The 1,25(OH)2D binds to its nuclear receptor (vitamin D receptor), expressed in many tissues, regulating the expression of genes involved in calcium metabolism, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and immunity. About immunity, calcitriol stimulates innate immune responses by enhancing the chemotactic and phagocytotic responses of macrophages as well as the production of antimicrobial peptides. 1,25(OH)2D strongly enhances production of interleukine-10 by stimulating T regulatory cells and inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, several studies suggest that lower 25(OH)D serum levels are associated with an increased risk of respiratory infection at all ages in a dose-response manner
Clinical and Psychological Issues in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease During COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textT regulatory cell as potential targets for immunotherapy in IBD
No full textCellular mechanisms in basic and clinical gastroenterology and hepatolog
PROBIOTICS AND ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES
No full textProbiotics are able to restore microbiome and the normal intestinal permeability, improve the immunological function of gut barrier and reduce the intestinal inflammatory response and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine characteristics of local and systemic allergic inflammation. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of various clinical conditions such as atopic dermatitis and food allergies and in the primary prevention of atopy. Recent studies have shown that oral administration of certain probiotic exerts therapeutic effects in the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma and rhinitis
Increased expression of CB2 receptor in the intestinal biopsies of children with inflammatory bowel disease
No full textObjectives: The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in inflammation and immune cell modulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated the association between the CNR2 rs35761398 polymorphism and the risk for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we analyzed the intestinal biopsies from Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) pediatric patients at the diagnosis to evaluate the expression of CB2 and several factors associated with IBD inflammatory pathways. Methods: We enrolled five patients with CD, five with UC, and five controls (CTR). We analyzed ileum and rectum biopsies from patients of each group evaluating the expression of CB2, Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β by western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: Western blot analysis showed a significant increase of CB2 in the CD ileum and in the UC rectum biopsies and an increase of TLR4 in the UC rectum. We also observed a significant over-expression of the IL-6 in UC rectum. The immunofluorescence analysis confirmed western blot data, showing also a T-lymphocytes infiltration colocalized with CB2 expression in the CD ileum and UC rectum. Conclusions: Our results show an upregulation of CB2 in pediatric IBD, which might have implications for drug discovery. Impact: The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in the inflammation and modulation of the immune response in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CB2 receptor is more expressed in the inflamed intestine of pediatric IBD patients. CB2 could be used as a potential therapeutic target to reduce IBD-related inflammatory state in childhood
PP-6 BOLUS CLEARANCE TIME IS ASSOCIATED WITH REFLUX SEVERITY AND IT IS INVERSELY CORRELATED TO BASELINE IMPEDANCE VALUES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
No full textAIMS: The role of esophageal clearance is still scarcely investigated in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to assess esophageal clearance in adolescents by means of bolus clearance time (BCT) and to verify if there is any difference among subgroups of GERD patients according to endoscopic and impedance-pH monitoring findings.
METHODS:
We revised endoscopic and impedance-pH monitoring (off-therapy) data of 28 consecutive adolescents (range 12-16 years). We evaluated acid exposure time (AET), total number of reflux episodes, baseline impedance (BI), and BCT. According to impedance-pH monitoring features, adolescents were grouped into pH/MII negative (normal AET and normal number of refluxes), and pH/MII positive (abnormal AET and/or abnormal number of refluxes). This latter were further subgrouped on the basis of abnormal/normal AET (pH+/-) and abnormal/normal number of refluxes (MII+/-). Finally, adolescents were also classified as erosive and non erosive reflux disease (ERD, NERD).
RESULTS:
We observed 22 pH/MII positive adolescents (7 ERD and 15 NERD). Eight patients were further subgrouped as pH+/MII-, 6 as pH-/MII+ and 8 as pH+/MII+. BCT values (in seconds) progressively decreased from pH+/MII+, pH+/MII-, pH-/MII+ to pH-/MII- (34.5 ± 8.1 vs. 22.0 ± 7.2 vs. 16.4 ± 4.5 vs. 10.1 ± 2.1, respectively; p < 0.001), whereas BI gradually increased (1236 ± 358 vs. 1592 ± 762 vs. 1854 ± 567 vs. 3256 ± 743, respectively; p < 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between BCT and BI, and a direct correlation between BCT and AET (p < 0.0001) and ERD presence (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS:
BCT seems to reflects reflux severity, and it is inversely correlated to BI, a marker of mucosal integrity, supporting the role of esophageal clearance in the GERD pathophysiology
TL1A: a novel alarmin in airway, intestinal, and autoimmune disorders
No full text: The term alarmin denotes a broad class of molecules rapidly released to alert the immune system through the engagement of specific receptors on immune cells. Three alarmin cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, IL-25), are released from epithelial and certain stromal cells. TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily, first identified in human endothelial cells. TL1A is now considered a novel alarmin expressed by human and mouse bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells. TL1A exerts its biological activities by binding to a trimeric receptor DR3 (death receptor-3), expressed on a wide spectrum of immune and structural cells (e.g., lung fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and bronchial epithelial cells). TL1A has been implicated in experimental and human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), airway inflammation and remodeling in severe asthma. A monoclonal antibody anti-TL1A (tulisokibart) is effective in inducing clinical remission in ulcerative colitis patients. Increasing evidence suggests that TL1A is also involved in certain autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis). These emerging findings broaden the role of TL1A in various human inflammatory conditions. Several clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeting TL1A in asthma or IBD patients
Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) in infants with functional chronic constipation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
No full text- …
