1,721,004 research outputs found
Sembra ma non è. Studio semantico-lessicale sui verbi con completamento predicativo
No full textAttraverso una riflessione sul complesso rapporto fra verbi e predicazione, questo lavoro propone di definire i verbi con complemento predicativo come verbi predicativi che necessitano, per descrivere un evento, dell'ausilio di un predicato non verbale, riferito al soggetto o all'oggetto. Un'analisi dettagliata, basata su dati estratti da corpora, permette di individuare i criteri per una classificazione originale, in cui è secondaria la dicotomia fra verbi transitivi e intransitivi, e che guarda invece al tipo di evento delineato dal verbo e al ruolo giocato dal c. pred. Sono così individuate due macroclassi: eventi semplici ed eventi complessi. Per gli eventi semplici (stativi; verbo e c. pred. sono predicazioni temporalmente coincidenti, es.: sembrare, ritenere), l'analisi si concentra sulla semantica dei singoli verbi, che spazia principalmente fra modalità epistemica ed evidenzialità. Gli eventi complessi (dove verbo e c. pred. codificano due subeventi ordinati fra loro temporalmente, es.: diventare, rendere) sono invece efficacemente descritti in base alla teoria del Lessico Generativo, che consente un'analisi fine della struttura dell'evento e dei rapporti fra i subeventi
Synesthésies. Croisements des sens entre langage et perception
No full textCet article porte sur la synesthésie, une figure par laquelle différentes modalités sensorielles sont associées dans leur expression linguistique. Lorsque l’on dit par exemple qu’une musique est douce, on caractérise une expérience auditive (musique) par une propriété (douce) qui se réfère normalement au goût, voire au toucher. Le terme synesthésie est également employé à propos des associations « exceptionnelles » des sens qui se vérifient dans l’expérience perceptive de certains individus, qui, par exemple, en écoutant une mélodie, peuvent avoir une perception visuelle de couleur associée aux sons. Après une introduction synthétique à la synesthésie prise dans cette dernière acception, c’est-à-dire comme phénomène neuropsychologique (§ 2), l’article se concentrera sur la synesthésie linguistique. Nous introduirons des études qui ont observé des préférences claires pour ce qui concerne les associations des sens (§ 3), et une possible explication sera discutée (§ 4). Les propriétés de la perception humaine sembleraient jouer un rôle dans ces préférences, et quelques études ont même proposé l’existence d’une connexion entre synesthésie linguistique et neuropsychologique (§ 5). Nous montrerons qu’il faut distinguer plusieurs types de synesthésie linguistique, très différents entre eux (§ 6). Cela permettra de montrer qu’une explication (en partie) liée à la perception ne peut être envisagée que pour un des sous-types de synesthésie linguistique (§ 7). Quant à la synesthésie neuropsychologique, de très fortes raisons suggèrent de résister à la tentation d’y voir des ressemblances ou encore des connexions avec la synesthésie linguistique
Synaesthetic metaphors in translation
No full textMany studies have been devoted to the analysis of synaesthesia within individual lan- guages, and to the description of properties shared by synaesthetic transfers in di erent languages. On the contrary, studies on the translation of synaesthesia from one lan- guage into another seem to be lacking. is article focuses precisely on this issue. e theoretical discussion is supported by the analysis of the translation of Süskind’s novel Das Parfum, which includes many occurrences of synaesthesia, into three languages. rough the analysis of relevant examples, it is shown that the choices made by the translators – ranging from word-by-word reproduction of the synaesthesia to its dele- tion – correlate with the type of synaesthesia to be translated. While for creative syna- esthesia (e.g., rundes Parfum) a word-by-word translation usually works, conventional synaesthesia (e.g., scharf ansehen) can be more challenging, and other strategies have to be found. e behaviour of synaesthesia in translation therefore seems to parallel that of other types of metaphors
Italian Perception Verbs. A Corpus-based Study
No full textThe aim of this paper is to illustrate how a corpus analysis can be used in order to test the generalizations proposed by typological studies about perception verbs in the world’s languages and to check whether they are supported also when examining in detail the organization of this lexical field in a single language
From lexicological to lexicographical issues: Italian verbs with predicative complement
No full textIntransitive (e.g., become) and transitive (e.g., consider) verbs obligatorily requiring a predicative complement are an interesting, and at the same time problematic issue both at a theoretical and at a lexicographical level. In this paper we focus on Italian verbs, and on the way two computational semantic lexica deal with them. Both in ItalWorNet and in SIMPLE the treatment of these verbs shows to be problematic, since the information appears to refer to the ‘verb + predicative complement’ complex rather than to the verb itself. Recognizing that verb and predicative complement contribute to the construction of a unitary event, we believe that it is nevertheless possible, and useful, to isolate the role of the two components. The description proposed here is based on the Generative Lexicon model (Pustejovsky 1995), and it is in line with the recent project of a lexical resource for (sub)event structure (Im and Pustejovsky 2009). Verb and predicative complement codify each a different part of the subevent structure. To give an example, ‘diventare (‘become’) + predicative complement’ is a transition, where diventare codifies the process subevent, and the predicative complement codifies the (result) state subevent. This kind of analysis can possibly be integrated into the SIMPLE lexicon, which is already built following the Generative Lexicon model
Strutture linguistiche e dati empirici in diacronia e sincronia
No full textIl volume Strutture linguistiche e dati empirici in diacronia e sincronia rappresenta il frutto del lavoro di un gruppo di ricerca facente capo alla Sezione di Linguistica del Dipartimento di Filologia, Letteratura e Linguistica dell’Università di Pisa. I saggi qui riuniti, aventi per oggetto varie strutture e dinamiche linguistiche, fanno perno su tre temi, centrali nel panorama attuale della disciplina: linguistica storica e mu- tamento linguistico, strutture linguistiche tra sincronia e diacronia, acquisizione e perdita del linguaggio.
Le molteplici questioni a rontate coinvolgono diversi livelli di analisi, spaziando dalla fonologia alla semantica, dal lessico alla morfologia. Nel contempo, ampio è lo spettro delle lingue prese in esame: latino, greco, italiano, inglese, arabo.
Le ricerche illustrate presentano una solida base empirica, talora a ancata da mo- derne metodologie di analisi. Sul piano teorico, le diverse prospettive assunte dagli autori risultano collegate fra loro grazie ad una comune istanza cognitivista, senza tralasciare la considerazione per i fattori sociali e storici, costanti nella fenomenolo- gia linguistica di ogni tempo e luogo
Figures and the senses
No full textAbstractIt is usually taken for granted that synaesthesia (e.g.,sweet voice) is a metaphor. However, the fact that partly different interpretations have also been proposed suggests that further research is needed. Based on a critical review of the alternative positions on the topic and on a detailed analysis of relevant data, I argue in this paper that synaesthesia (in both its conventional and living instances) is indeed a metaphor, displaying a conflict between separate sensory concepts that cannot be connected in terms of a consistent conceptual relationship. The clearer and more explicit account of synaesthesia proposed in this paper in turn fosters clearer understanding of (a) the relationship with other figures that can involve the senses, such as metonymy, hypallage, and simile, and (b) the possible role of (multi)sensory perceptual experience in conditioning association preferences in linguistic synaesthesia (e.g.,loud colourvs. a less likely to occurcoloured loudness).</jats:p
Synaesthesia
No full textIn the existing literature on synaesthetic metaphors in poetry it is proposed that transfers tend to go from the ‘lower’ (touch, smell, taste) to the ‘higher’ (sight, hearing) sensory modalities. e purpose of this article is to establish if the same directionality also holds for synaesthetic associations found in other text types. To this end, a method for the semi-automatic extraction of synaesthesia is intro- duced and applied to general-purpose corpora of English (ukWaC) and Italian (itWaC). In the data collected for these languages, most transfers proceed in the expected direction, e.g. sweet voice, but instances of ‘backward’ transfers are also found, e.g. bitter cold. Based on these results, it is claimed that the ‘directionality principle’ re ects the frequency of association types, rather than representing uni- versal constraints on synaesthetic transfers, as has o en been more or less explic- itly assumed. It is here argued that both properties of human perception and more strictly linguistic factors can account for the frequency tendencies observed in synaesthesia. e proposed interpretation is also shown to account for apparently contradictory evidence coming from typological studies on verbs of perception
Verbs and (sub)Event Structure: A Case Study from Italian
No full textIn this paper, I try to show the advantages of analyzing events in terms of subevent structure, by taking into consideration the case of a specific class of verbs: transitive and intransitive verbs which obligatorily require the presence of a predicative complement (e.g., English seem, consider). The proposed analysis is exemplified with data from Italian. Two verbs are described in detail: rimanere, ‘remain’ and rendere, ‘make’. It is shown that subevent structure representation is useful for the description of the different uses and meanings of these verbs. This type of description can also be the basis for an accurate treatment in computational semantic lexica
- …
