597 research outputs found
School nutrition policy and diet quality of children and youth: a quasi-experimental study from Canada.
No full textOBJECTIVE
We investigated the impact of mandatory school nutrition policy on diet quality of Canadian school children using a quasi-experimental study design.
METHODS
Using 24-h dietary recall data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 2.2 and 2015 CCHS - Nutrition, we constructed the Diet Quality Index (DQI). We used multivariable difference-in-differences regressions to quantify the DQI scores associated with school nutrition policy. We conducted stratified analyses by sex, school grade, household income, and food security status to gain additional insights into the impact of nutrition policy.
RESULTS
We found that mandatory school nutrition policy was associated with an increased DQI score by 3.44 points (95% CI: 1.1, 5.8) during school-hours in intervention provinces relative to control provinces. DQI score was higher among males (3.8 points, 95% CI: 0.6, 7.1) than among females (2.9 points, 95% CI: -0.5, 6.3), and the score among students in elementary schools was higher (5.1 points, 95% CI: 2.3, 8.0) than that among high school students (0.4 points, 95% CI: -3.6, 4.5). We also found that DQI scores were higher for middle-high income and food secure households.
CONCLUSION
Provincial mandatory school nutrition policy was associated with better diet quality among children and youth in Canada. Our findings suggest that other jurisdictions may consider implementing mandatory school nutrition policy
No country is safe from a pandemic: insights into small countries’ COVID-19 experiences
No full textThe end of 2019—beginning of 2020 imposed unprecedented stress on every country as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) spread across the globe resulting in the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Every country, large and small, fell victim to this burden resulting in governments instituting various mitigation measures to curb the viral spread and protect their population.
Small countries, defined as having 2 million or less inhabitants, are regularly overlooked in public health circles and considered featuring similar characteristics as larger countries but at a smaller scale. While this may be true for some aspects, small countries face unique challenges and advantages related to public health governance, healthcare services delivery and economic sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic is a great example to highlight these factors, while bringing forward lessons learnt that may be translated as crucial evidence for future pandemic preparedness. [Excerpt]peer-reviewe
Risk factors for hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis patients-A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is frequently associated with hypertension, which has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in these patients. The aim of this systematic review was to explore demographic, behavioural or clinical factors including medication use, associated with incident hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for eligible studies that longitudinally investigated incident hypertension or changes in blood pressure (BP) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Publications were screened by two reviewers according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed via the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Fourteen studies were deemed eligible and included in this review. The proportion of female subjects ranged from 12 to 87% and the mean age ranged from 47 to 61 years. Regular exercise was associated with a decrease in systolic BP, p = 0.021. Methotrexate was associated with decreased risk of hypertension in two studies. LEF was associated with increased BP in two studies. COX-2 inhibitors were associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP variability (p = 0.009, 0.039, respectively) in one study. Prednisone was found to increase BP and risk of hypertension in three studies. The risk of hypertension in patients taking biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is unclear as some studies report increased BP while others report no difference for biologic compared to conventional DMARDs. Conclusion: Despite limited longitudinal studies exploring this topic, methotrexate and exercise were shown to protect against risk of hypertension in RA patients, while prednisone and COX-2 inhibitors may increase risk of hypertension
Where did public health go wrong? Seven lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the public health moment of the century. While there is much to celebrate about the public health response, this is a good time to take stock. In this editorial, we pinpoint seven areas for a better public health response to a potential future pandemic
Does sex modify the effect of pre-pandemic body mass index on the risk of Long COVID? Evidence from the longitudinal analysis of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
No full textBackgroundResearch on Long COVID risk factors is ongoing. High body mass index (BMI) may increase Long COVID risk, yet no evidence has been established regarding sex differences in the relationship between BMI and the risk of Long COVID. Investigating the nature of this relationship was the main objective of this study.MethodsA population-based prospective study involving a sample of respondents aged 50 years and older (n = 4004) from 27 European countries that participated in the 2020 and 2021 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe's (SHARE) Corona Surveys and in Waves 7 and 8 of the main SHARE survey. Logistic regression models were estimated to produce unadjusted and adjusted estimates of the sex differences in the relationship between BMI and Long COVID.ResultsLinear relationship for females, with probability of Long COVID increasing with BMI (68% at BMI = 18, 93% at BMI = 45). Non-linear relationship for males, with probability of Long COVID of 27% at BMI = 18, 68% at BMI = 33, and 40% at BMI = 45. Relationships remained significant after adjusting for known Long COVID risk factors (age and COVID-19 hospitalization), presence of chronic diseases, and respondents' place of residence.ConclusionSex differences appear to play an important role in the relationship between BMI and risk of Long COVID. Overall, females were more likely to have Long COVID, regardless of their BMI. Males at the higher end of the BMI spectrum had a lower risk of Long COVID as opposed to their female counterparts. Sex-specific research is recommended for better understanding of Long COVID risk factors
Incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis and COVID-19 vaccination: possible causal effect or just chance?
No full textsj-docx-2-cpa-10.1177_07067437211047226 - Supplemental material for Examining Variations in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Mood or Anxiety Disorders Among Migrant Groups in Ontario, 1995–2015: A Population-Based, Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-cpa-10.1177_07067437211047226 for Examining Variations in the Prevalence
of Diagnosed Mood or Anxiety Disorders Among Migrant Groups in Ontario,
1995–2015: A Population-Based,
Repeated Cross-Sectional Study by Jordan Edwards, Maria Chiu, Rebecca Rodrigues, Amardeep Thind, Saverio Stranges and Kelly K. Anderson in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry</p
Supplemental Material, Appendix_S1_-_MOOSE - Gaps in Understanding of the Epidemiology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders among Migrant Groups in Canada: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental Material, Appendix_S1_-_MOOSE for Gaps in Understanding of the Epidemiology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders among Migrant Groups in Canada: A Systematic Review by Jordan Edwards, Malini Hu, Amardeep Thind, Saverio Stranges, Maria Chiu and Kelly K. Anderson in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry</p
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