1,720,964 research outputs found
La Russia secondo il “modello delle civiltà”: Paese in bilico o civiltà originale?
Get PDFIl presente studio intende proporre una analisi della Russia alla luce del “modello delle civiltà” enucleato da Samuel Huntington, seguendo un approccio multidisciplinare che consente di convalidare epistemologicamente taluni punti delle sue tesi e rigettarne altri. Il saggio, pur sorretto sul paradigma del “modello delle civiltà”, si avvale del supporto teorico delle più influenti dottrine teoriche e prassi geopolitiche russe. L’attenzione posta alla dimensione imperiale e all’influsso esercitato su tale vocazione dalla tradizione storica autocratica, insieme al ruolo dello spazio geografico e alle inclinazioni culturali eurasiatiche, è funzionale all’obiettivo di dimostrare l’originalità del modello russo e la sua irriducibilità a categorie politiche occidentali
La dicotomia geopolitica terra/mare nell’epoca della globalizzazione
Get PDFLa scuola geopolitica classica, sia quella di matrice anglosassone che quella “continentale”, si connotava per aver riprodotto la millenaria contrapposizione tra potenze talassiche e potenze telluriche. La disamina riassume le maggiori teorie geopolitiche del secolo scorso e analizza lo scenario internazionale contemporaneo alla luce della dualità geopolitica terra/mare e servendosi delle moderne teorie delle relazioni internazionali. S’intende pertanto, seguendo una metodologia comparativa, riconsiderare il ruolo della geopolitica classica nello studio delle relazioni interstatuali, svincolandolo dal determinismo tipico di un approccio meramente ambientale, onde arricchirlo attraverso l’apporto delle varie scienze ausiliarie e dei diversi fattori analitici
Review of: ROGER N. MCDERMOTT (ed.), The Transformation of Russia's Armed Forces: Twenty Lost Years
Get PDFLe radici dell’autonomia strategica dell’India
Get PDFSince its independence, India has adopted a peculiar form of “strategic autonomy” that allowed New Delhi – on the one hand – to balance the confrontation with other Asian powers (Russia and China) and with the neighboring Pakistan, and – on the other hand – to deal with the United States in a pragmatic way. The paper aims to provide an overall picture of the historical elements, theoretical assumptions and geopolitics which influenced Indian strategic autonomy. Through a reasoned analysis of the existing literature, the paper offers an interpretative key of the roots of Indian strategic autonomy, following a few guidelines. Firstly, the implications of cyclical factors on Indian attitude towards the neighborhood. Secondly, the process of formation of a sort of “strategic culture” within the national élites. Last but not least, the theoretical influence of certain texts (Arthaśāstra) and the Vedic tradition on the strategic self-perception of India
Intellettuali e politica estera negli Stati Uniti: Owen Lattimore e la geopolitica americana tra le due guerre
Get PDFIn the context of the U.S. geopolitical thought between the two world wars, Owen Lattimore is a paradigmatic figure for understanding some guidelines of American foreign policy towards East Asia, both in the domestic cultural debate of elites (university, think tanks, government circles) and in official policymaking. Among the most influential sinologists and experts of Asia at that time, Lattimore described the system by which societies – and social factors – affect environment and are in turn influenced by it. He also studied the issue of “frontier”, in particular the Russian and Chinese one, and investigated the problems of nationalities, from Xinjiang to Manchuria. Gravitating around Wilsonian intellectual circles, albeit approaching the political issues in a “realist way”, during the 1940s Lattimore provided a significant conception of the present and future international system, whereas he foresaw a coming post-imperial and interconnected world, in which Asia and its rising powers would have been crucial.
This essay aims to provide a critical reconstruction of Owen Lattimore’s thought and biography, as well as his contribution on the relationship between knowledge and foreign policy within the context of U.S. geopolitics during the period 1920s–1940s, retracing some intellectuals footsteps from his writings and the literature related to this issue. This critical review is intended to purify his figure by the politicization accomplished against him in the United States since 1950s – especially during the McCarthy era – in order to contextualize the activity of this prominent scholar and, finally, analyze in a more objective way his intellectual contribution to geopolitics, area studies and comparative history
L'UE e il processo di adesione della Turchia tra geometrie variabili e partenariato speciale
Get PDFEU and Turkey’s accession process between variable geometry and special partnership. Abstract: Since the start of accession negotiations in 2005, the European Union integration process of Turkey has slowed down and has suggested a stalemate phase with negative outlook. The economic and political crisis of the EU has led Ankara to look elsewhere, following the guidelines of the multivector foreign policy theorized by Ahmet Davutoglu. Eurorealism adopted by the Franco-German axis constitutes a barrier to the Turkish entry into the EU. Ankara has a demographic, economic and military power that might change the institutional and political balance in Europe. The great power ambitions of Turkey, result of a political project that the AKP intends to achieve in the medium-long term, might lead the EU to favor forms of “enhanced special partnership” instead of pursuing full membership of Turkey
Rappresentazione e ipotesi dello scontro Stati Uniti-Cina
Get PDFThanks to bullish economic growth, in the last decade China has acquired a global role that induces many experts to speculation about Beijing’s efforts to rest global primacy from the US, especially in the current phase of the international system – one of uni-multipolar transition. This study’s aim is to examine existing literature about real or contingent possibilities of armed conflict between China and the US, in league with the competition for economic, geopolitical and ideological primacy. At the same time some hypothetical scenarios, taken from the most recent literature, on the potential development of the China-US contest, will be analyzed
A (neo)realist explanation of the post-unipolar international system
No full textSince the end of the Cold War, old-fashioned power plays have been back in international relations, as confirmed by recent events and trends. Despite the growth of interdependence among states, borders are not crumbled and international actors continue to pursue their interests through the use of all the necessary means. Paradoxically, the liberal order has strengthened some realist principles and confirmed realism as a practical theory that has not necessarily a state-centric vision and does not deny any progress in international cooperation and change resulting from interdependence. The ability of governments to pursue domestic policies effectively is increasingly influenced by developments in the international system. Moreover, the return of geopolitics and power politics supports the (neo)realist postulate according to which the system tends towards the balance of power between the declining hegemon (U.S.) and the rising powers (China, Russia, India, Japan, Brazil, Germany, etc), given the fact that every rising power is used to seeking to revise the status quo. This article provides an empirical explanation of the (proto)multipolar order in the light of the assumptions of political realism in its neoclassical declination
Egemonia americana e strategia globale: Zbigniew Brzezinski e la geopolitica
Get PDFNella storia del pensiero strategico statunitense, Zbigniew Brzezinski rappresenta la figura centrale per comprendere il passaggio teorico dal paradigma geopolitico classico – di derivazione mackinderiana e spykmaniana – sino al “multipolarismo imperfetto”. Brzezinski ha progressivamente adattato taluni corollari della sua elaborazione al mutamento del contesto internazionale, evitando nondimeno di abbandonare gli assunti cruciali della dottrina di Spykman in merito alla necessità di controllo del Rimland da parte della potenza marittima. Dalla fase del contenimento a quella dell’egemonia cooptativa, passando per il periodo unipolare, per Brzezinski gli Stati Uniti rimangono la potenza equilibratrice in grado di esercitare la loro supremazia solo tramite l’influenza – diretta o indiretta – sulla periferia della massa eurasiatica. Il saggio intende esaminare i passaggi della riflessione teorica brzezinskiana e offrire alcuni spunti comparativi con i postulati della geopolitica classica
Realismo politico e geopolitica in Zbigniew Brzezinski
Get PDFL'opera di Brzezinski rappresenta uno dei più avanzati tentativi di dialogo tra due rami del sapere che non sempre si sono riconosciuti a vicenda legittimità scientifica: la geopolitica e le relazioni internazionali. L'itinerario di Brzezinski è paradigmatico in tal senso perché ibrida la geopolitica classica di Mackinder e Spykman con alcune tesi della politologia neorealista americana del XX secolo. Con quali esiti? E' possibile un incontro costruttivo tra le discipline? E che ne è delle specificità dell'una e dell'altra? Il saggio intende offrire spunti di riflessione a partire dalla produzione di Brzezinski e della sua specifica interpretazione della tradizione geopolitica classica e dei principi neorealisti
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