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Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures: State-of-the-art
No full textThis paper presents the current state-of-the-art of nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite structures. The focus is on frame elements, which are computationally faster than continuum finite element models. First, section models are presented, with a review of resultant and fiber models and a discussion on possible practical applications. The presentation of frame elements follows. Models with lumped and distributed inelasticity, as well models with perfect and partial connection are covered. Rigid and partially restrained joints are then reviewed and discussed at length. A discussion on the analysis of structural walls completes the presentation of the models. Modeling applications to the analysis of composite frames are also presented. This state of the art review focuses on the recent developments that have stemmed from the recently completed National Science Foundation sponsored US-Japan program on Composite and Hybrid Structure
R/C Frame Element with Bond Interfaces. Part 1: Displacement-Based, Force-Based and Mixed Formulations
No full textFrame Element with Lateral Deformable Supports: Formulations and Numerical Validations
No full textThis paper presents the theory and the numerical validation of three different formulations of nonlinear frame elements with nonlinear lateral deformable supports. The governing differential equations of the problem are derived first and the three different finite element formulations are then presented. The first model follows a displacement-based formulation, which is based on the virtual displacement principle. The second one follows the force-based formulation, which is based on the virtual force principle. The third model follows the Hellinger-Reissner mixed formulation, which is based on the two-field mixed variational principle. The selection of the displacement and force interpolation functions for the different formulations is discussed. Tonti's diagrams are used to conveniently represent the equations governing both the strong and the weak forms of the problem. The general matrix equations of the three formulations are presented, with some details on the issues regarding the elements' implementations in a general-purpose finite element program. The convergence, accuracy, and computational times of the three elements are studied through a numerical example. The distinctive element characteristics in terms of force and deformation discontinuities between adjacent elements are discussed. The capability of the proposed frame models to trace the softening response due to softening of the foundation is also investigated. Overall, the force-based and the mixed models are much more accurate than the displacement-based model and require very few elements to reach the converged solution. The force-based element is slightly more accurate than the mixed model, but it is more prone to numerical instabilities as it involves inverting the element flexibility matrix
Flexibility-Based Formulation for the Nonlinear Frame Element with Lateral Deformable Supports
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