1,721,054 research outputs found
LO SHOCK: MECCANISMI PATOGENETICI E IMPLICAZIONI CLINICHE
No full textIl disturbo di base comune a tutte le cause di shock è la scarsa perfusione tissutale dovuta a circolazione ematica insufficiente o irregolarmente distribuita che provoca una diminuzione critica della cessione o del consumo tissutale di ossigeno, con conseguente alterazione del metabolismo cellulare, morte cellulare e malfunzionamento o insufficienza di uno o più organi. Lo shock può derivare da una varietà di condizioni di base e può essere classificato in alcune grandi categorie sulla base dei disturbi funzionali o delle cause primarie: ipovolemico (insufficiente volume ematico circolante per emorragia, trauma, grave disidratazione), cardiogeno (bassa gittata cardiaca per insufficienza cardiaca, aritmie o da farmaci), distributivo (maldistribuzione del flusso ematico per ostruzione, sepsi con endotossiemia, anafilassi). Indipendentemente dalla causa sottostante, tutte le forme di shock condividono un denominatore comune: la perfusione.The common disorder to all types of shock is the poor tissue perfusion due to insufficient blood circulation or irregularly distribution, causing a severe decrease in cellular energy production or the inability of the body to supply cells and tissues with oxygen and nutrients, resulting in alteration of the cell metabolism, cell death, and malfunctioning or failure of one or more organs. Shock may result from a variety of basic conditions and may be classified into major categories on the basis of functional disorders or primary causes: hypovolemic (low circulating blood volume - hemorrhage, trauma, severe dehydration), cardiogenic (low cardiac output - heart failure, arrhythmias or drugs), distributive (maldistribution of blood flow - obstruction, sepsis and endotoxemia, anaphylaxis). Regardless of the underlying cause, all forms of shock share a common denominator: the perfusion
WINTER DISEASE IN ASSOCIATION WITH INTESTINAL NON-FORMING XENOMA MICROSPORIDIA IN GILTHEAD SEABREAM (SPARUS AURATA)
No full textAIM OF THE STUDY:
Winter disease (WD) is a multifactorial disease found primarily in sea caged gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) along the
Mediterranean coast.1,2 An emaciative syndrome has been recently observed in Spain and Enterospora nucleophila, a new
microsporidian species of the family Enterocytozoonidae has been described; these intracellular, non-forming xenoma
microsporidia, opportunistic in nature exploit a w eakened host immune status, as it could happen in WD.6 Teleost intestine
contains Mast Cells (MCs), w hose functional properties are similar to those of mammalian mast cells;5 recruitment of MCs to
sites of persistent inflammation is a general response in parasites-affected fish. An increased number of the MCs is also
reported in WD-affected fish.3,4 In December 2013 a disease outbreak in sea caged gilthead seabream in Italy, affecting 0+
year fish occurred. The aim of this study w as to evaluate the histopathological changes related to these tw o conditions, to
characterize the MCs by immunohistochemistry and the microsporidia by PCR.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
From tw enty gilthead sea bream intestinal tracts w ere fixed in buffered formalin at the sample site and sent to DIMEVET.
Routine histological sections w ere obtained; Luna stain w as also performed. Immunohistochemistry w ith CD117 antibody
(1:100, Dako) w as also carried out. Intestinal tissue w as also subjected to molecular analysis; a fragment of the 18S rDNA
w as amplified and then sequenced.
RESULTS:
Hindgut show ed a moderate dilatation of the lumen in association w ith w hitish casts, similar to the milk-like mucous casts
reported in WD outbreaks.1,2 A severe mucosal atrophy w ith total folds flattening w as present; w ithin lamina propria and
submucosa a mild to moderate MCs hyperplasia and mild mucous cells hyperplasia w ere observed. Multifocally, w ithin
enterocytes and rodlet cells, the nucleus and/or cytoplasm contained microsporidian spores, more evident w ith Luna stain.
The sequences obtained from intestines show ed 99.9% identity w ith E. nucleophila. Within perivisceral exocrine pancreatic
acini, focal necrosis and MCs infiltration have been observed, as reported by other authors during WD outbreaks.
CONCLUSIONS:
MCs are interpreted as ‘‘standing force’’ in particular tissues consistently exposed to pathogens, in contrast to a ‘‘mobilization
force’’ that has been an advantage in those being exposed to noxious agents only occasionally.7 The severe mucosal
flattening could be interpreted as an effect of a chronic insult, not only related to the microsporidia infection; other
concurrent predisposing factors as those reported in WD could be then considered into the development of an overt
pathology.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1Birincioglu et al, 2013; 2Colorni, 2011; 3Contessi et al,2006; 4Ibarz et al, 2010; 5Lauriano et al.,2012;6 Palenzuela et
al.,2014; 7Reite and Evensen,2006
Valutazione della sensibilità di Doctor fish (Garra rufa) al trattamento con disinfettanti
No full textSUMMARY - In fish therapy it is essential to ensure optimum hygiene conditions while preserving animal
welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of Doctor fish (Garra rufa) towards two disinfectant
molecules, chloramine T and peracetic acid. The animals have been subjected to increasing treatments/day for
the duration of one week with two different concentrations for each disinfectant. The assessment of sensitivity was
done by behavioral observation and by histomorphological and morphometrical analysis on skin and gills. The
subjects showed signs of stress at the end of the treatment for both molecules and concentrations tested.
Histological sections have not shown any changes; it has been noted a statistically significant increase of mucous
cells in animals treated with peracetic acid and a decrease of club cells in animals treated with low dose
chloramine T and high dose peracetic acid. Animals showed overall good tolerability to the two disinfectant
molecules tested
Metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the jaw in a marble trout (Salmo marmoratus)
No full textNot availabl
Microbiological and pathological findings in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) affected by swim bladder flooding
No full textHikui disease in nine koi carp (Cyprinus carpio): First description of a cutaneous perivascular wall tumour
No full textBackground: Hikui disease is a well known disfiguring disease of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) primarily affecting fish with red pigmentation. It causes light orange to golden yellow, multifocal to coalescing raised patches, starting from the red cutaneous areas. Some cases respond to surgery or topical treatment, but recurrence is common. Objectives: To describe the clinical and pathological presentation of Hikui disease and its cause. Animals: Nine affected koi carp belonging to private hobbyists. Methods: Eight fish underwent surgery or biopsy; one was euthanized. Tissues were submitted for histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Five fish showed typical lesions of Hikui disease, whereas four fish showed an atypical presentation characterized by focal or multifocal, oedematous, dark red cutaneous plaques or nodules. Histology showed unencapsulated, infiltrating and densely cellular neoplasms composed of spindle cells arranged in bundles, rows and whorls frequently centred on capillaries. Immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin labelled neoplastic cells in all cases. Ultrastructure showed neoplastic cells with slender cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillaries, a thin basal membrane and occasional plasmalemmal vesicles. Conclusions and clinical importance: All of the data supported a neoplastic process producing perivascular wall tumours. Immunoreactivity to smooth muscle actin and the ultrastructural features were indicative of a pericyte origin (haemangiopericytoma). This is the first report dealing with Hikui disease that has achieved a conclusive diagnosis. The neoplastic nature of this condition suggests the potential usefulness of a surgical approach in the clinical management of less severe cases
Quantitative Pathology of Canine Cortico-Cerebellar Degeneration
Full text linkThe aim of this work was to document the value of morphometric analysis in quantifying neuronal loss in canine cerebellar degenerative disease. Measurements of the cerebellar cell populations in a dog affected by severe cortico-cerebellar degeneration (CCD) were compared with those of an age-matched control dog. Histological stainings (hematoxylin-eosin, thionin, Bielschowsky) were performed; the granule cell density and Purkinje cell linear density were quantified. GFAP immunohistochemistry was run to quantify the stained area. Morphometric analysis in the pathologic dog showed a significant decrease of Purkinje cell linear density (4.50/mm), granule cells density (81.34/10000 μm2) and an increase of GFAP stained area (40.28%) in comparison to the age-matched dog (Purkinje cell linear density=12.74/mm, granule cell neuron density=95.53/10000 μm2 and GFAP stained area=34.68%). The use of morphometric techniques is suggested in order to enable comparison between results obtained from different laboratories of pathology
Hernia of the swim bladder (aerocystocele) with concurrent mycotic granulomatous inflammation and swim bladder carcinoma in a wild mullet (Mugil cephalus)
No full textWe describe a hernia of the swim bladder, with a concurrent mycotic granulomatous inflammation, and carcinoma of the swim bladder in a wild mullet (Mugil cephalus) referred for an exophytic dorsal mass. Grossly, the mass was white, soft, and composed of multiple cystic gas-containing chambers connected by a funnel-shaped tissue segment to the coelomic swim bladder. Histologically, the mass was characterized by cysts of variable size, multifocally contiguous with the subepithelial rete mirabile, supported by abundant fibrous tissue. The skin covering the herniated swim bladder was focally ulcerated and replaced by abundant granulation tissue in which multiple scattered granulomas centered on pigmented fungal hyphae were observed. These granulomas were also seen in the remaining coelomic portion of the swim bladder as well as in the spleen, perivisceral pancreas, and peritoneal adipose tissue; the fungus was molecularly identified as Cladosporium spp. Focally, arising from the herniated swim bladder epithelium, an unencapsulated poorly demarcated, moderately cellular neoplasm, composed of islands, lobules, and acini of neoplastic epithelium, was found
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