130,780 research outputs found
Indice di severità climatica: classificazione dei comuni italiani ai fini della climatizzazione estiva degli edifici
No full textL'applicazione del Dlgs.192/05, prevede che ai fini della certificazione energetica in edilizia, sia valutato il fabbisogno di energia primaria di un edificio, e successivamente, sia assegnata ad esso, in funzione di tale parametro, una classe di efficienza energetica. Al momento, in Italia, sono stati fissati i limiti al fabbisogno solo per quanto riguarda la climatizzazione invernale. Il territorio nazionale è stato suddiviso, infatti, in zone climatiche invernali in conformità a un indice climatico, definito dai gradi-giorno invernali, e sono stati individuati i valori limite del fabbisogno energetico su tale base. La diffusione dei sistemi di condizionamento estivi, con il conseguente aumento dei consumi energetici, rende necessario procedere, anche in tal caso, alla definizione di zone climatiche estive contraddistinte da un indice di severità climatica estivo. La definizione di questo indice estivo presenta maggiori difficoltà rispetto al corrispondente indice invernale giacché le variabili climatiche di cui tenere conto sono più numerose e più complesse da valutare. Nei precedenti lavori è stata proposta una prima applicazione di tale indice ed è stata verificata la validità del modello matematico utilizzato, prendendo in esame, per il calcolo del fabbisogno energetico per il raffrescamento estivo al variare delle caratteristiche climatiche (temperatura, radiazione solare e umidità), prima un edificio residenziale, e in seguito, un edificio del terziario ad uso ufficio situati in venti località di riferimento; ne è conseguita la assegnazione di 101 capoluoghi di provincia a sette zone climatiche estive (da A a G) di indice di severità estivo e, quindi, di fabbisogno energetico crescente. Nel presente lavoro sono descritte le modalità di calcolo seguite per l'estensione della valutazione dell'Indice di Severità a tutti i comuni italiani: partendo dai dati climatici riportati nella UNI 10349/94 per 101 province italiane, e seguendo, di massima e là dove possibile, i criteri di interpolazione dei dati esposti nella norma, sono state valutate per le varie località in esame, le tre grandezze climatiche fondamentali: Temperatura, Irradiazione solare e Umidità specifica. Successivamente è stato possibile calcolare l'Indice di Severità Climatica e assegnare, in funzione di esso, una classe climatica agli 8094 comuni italiani.The application in Italy of the European Directive 2002/91/CE, about the energy performance of buildings, through the Dlgs.192/05 and Dlgs.311/06, provide for the energy certification in building. The certification means the calculation of a parameter, the building specific requirement of primary energy, and the successive allocation of the building, as function of the value of such parameter, to a certain energy efficiency class. At the moment just limits for heating energy need in winter, have been fixed. The national territory has been subdivided, in fact, in winter climatic zones in compliance with an index of climatic severity (heating degree-day) and limit values for the energy requirements has been set. The spread of the summer air conditioning systems, with the consequent increase of the energy consumptions, renders necessary to proceed, also in such case, to the definition of summer climatic zones by a summer
index of climatic severity. The summer index definition involves greater difficulties regarding the correspondent winter index since climatic variables, in this case, are more numerous and complex to estimate. In a previous reports a first application of such index has been proposed, and has been tested the effectiveness of mathematical model, taking into account a residential building and an office building, to evaluate the
cooling energy need: in this way, have been classified the Italian provincial capitals in summer climatic zone. This work describes the calculation method to extend the Severity Climatic Index at all Italian towns: starting from climate data given on the UNI 10349, and following the interpolation methods described in the standard, have been evaluated the main climate parameters for each town: air temperature, specific humidity and solar radiation. Subsequently has been calculated the Severity Climatic Index and a climate class has been assigned to each Italian town
INSTRUMENTS AND METHODOLOGIES FOR THE UNDERWATER TRIDIMENSIONAL DIGITIZATION AND DATA MUSEALIZATION
No full textIn the research started within the SINAPSIS project of the Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa an underwater stereoscopic scanning aimed at surveying of submerged archaeological sites, integrable to standard systems for geomorphological detection of the coast, has been developed. The project involves the construction of hardware consisting of an aluminum frame supporting a pair of GoPro Hero Black Edition cameras and software for the production of point clouds and the initial processing of data.
The software has features for stereoscopic vision system calibration, reduction of noise and the of distortion of underwater captured images, searching for corresponding points of stereoscopic images using stereo-matching algorithms (dense and sparse), for points cloud generating and filtering.
Only after various calibration and survey tests carried out during the excavations envisaged in the project, the mastery of methods for an efficient acquisition of data has been achieved.
The current development of the system has allowed generation of portions of digital models of real submerged scenes. A semi-automatic procedure for global registration of partial models is under development as a useful aid for the study and musealization of sites
Safe Multimodal Communication in Human-Robot Collaboration
No full textThe new industrial settings are characterized by the presence of human and robots that work in close proximity, cooperating in performing the required job. Such a collaboration, however, requires to pay attention to many aspects. Firstly, it is crucial to enable a communication between this two actors that is natural and efficient. Secondly, the robot behavior must always be compliant with the safety regulations, ensuring always a safe collaboration. In this paper, we propose a framework that enables multi-channel communication between humans and robots by leveraging multimodal fusion of voice and gesture commands while always respecting safety regulations. The framework is validated through a comparative experiment, demonstrating that, thanks to multimodal communication, the robot can extract valuable information for performing the required task and additionally, with the safety layer, the robot can scale its speed to ensure the operator’s safety
Downscaling of Hourly Climate Data for the Assessment of Building Energy Performance
No full textIn Italy, the calculation of the energy needs of buildings has been mainly based on quasi-steady state calculation procedures. Nowadays, the increasing interest in more detailed energy analysis for high-efficiency buildings requires more accurate calculation methods. In this work, starting from the hourly data of UNI 10349, the downscaling of a typical meteorological year was carried out by applying different mathematical and physical models for the main climate variables considered in the energy balance of a building to be used in dynamic simulation tools. All results were validated with one-minute measurements observed at the ENEA Research Centre in Rome, Italy. The results showed an MBE% of 0.008% and RMSE% of 0.114% using the interpolation spline method for the temperature, while, for the global horizontal irradiance, applying the novel sinusoidal–physical interpolation method showed an MBE% of −0.4% and an RMSE% of 31.8% for the 1 min observation data. In this paper, an easily implemented novel model for downscaling solar irradiance for all sky conditions that takes into account the physical aspects of atmospheric phenomena is presented
Virtual simulation of a late antique shipwreck at Marzamemi, Sicily: Integrated processes for 3D documentation, analysis and representation of underwater archaeological data
No full textThree‐dimensional (3D) models derived from digital survey techniques have increasingly become a
mainstay of archaeological research and cultural heritage management. The high accuracy of such
modelling makes it an attractive solution for a wide range of challenges from site recording
and interpretation to object analysis and reconstruction. The present paper focuses on a new 3D
digitization method using stereoscopic video for the documentation, analysis, and representation
of archaeological contexts as part of shipwreck investigations off southeast Sicily at Marzamemi.
This sixth‐century CE vessel sank in shallow water (7–8m) while carrying a massive cargo of largely
prefabricated architectural elements intended for the construction and decoration of a church
somewhere in the late antique west. This dynamic site presents significant challenges to the
interpretation of depositional and post‐depositional events as well the reconstruction of the
original cargo and individual architectural elements. Therefore, 3D documentation underwater at
Marzamemi has centred on new methods for stereoscopic scanning of the site, topography, and
large architectural finds, allowing not only more rapid and precise mapping but insights into site
formation processes and the organizational mechanisms behind the cargo assemblage. The
adoption of this new system based on a precise workflow and simple, inexpensive hardware
combined with readily available software allows more accurate and rapid digital recording underwater
to a high standard across scales, from the site level down to the individual artefact. This process,
named ISU3D (Integrated System for Underwater 3D Digitization), offers innovative solutions not
only for archaeological field research but for heritage management and public outreach
Parenteral Solutions: Nature of Particulate Matter
No full textAn investigation on the level and nature of particulate contamination in 36 large volume injectable solutions produced in Italy was performed, using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and X-ray microanalitic (EDS) techniques. Wide variability of the contaminant level, even within each individual batch, was observed. About 20% of the samples revealed a considerable amount of contaminants greater than 20 μm. Fibers of presumably textiles, cellulose or plastic materials were detected. Other particulate matter, from manifacturing and packaging processes, were observed
A new simplified dynamic algorithm for energy estimation in buildings: Description and validation
No full textAmong other energy savings policies, European Directive 2018/884 promotes the adoption of building energy audits. In this perspective, the development of accurate, but simplified dynamic energy simulation tools is a fundamental step to reduce the costs of energy audits and consequently increase their diffusion, especially at the professional level. This paper presents SEAS Light, a simplified dynamic tool that estimates building heating and cooling energy demands. 75 test cases associated to typical Italian climates and building structures have been performed. SEAS Light results are compared with the ones obtained through the full dynamic energy software TRNSYS 17. The validation procedure shows that the proposed routine can evaluate both seasonal heating and cooling energy demands with a good accuracy, using three tuning coefficients presented in the manuscript
Development of daylight availability maps in Italy: Methodology and validation
No full textThis paper describes a study aimed at providing outdoor illuminance data in Italy, to be used to evaluate daylight potential contribution in the energy performance of buildings. Starting from solar radiation data, a luminous efficacy model was implemented to derive outdoor illuminance for Italian territory. The results obtained were compared with ground measurements, carried out in three different Italian sites (Milan, Rome and Lampedusa island), and the accuracy of model, has been improved introducing specific metrics for Italian context. Typical Meteorological Years (TMYs) of global and diffused components of daylight illuminance, were built for 243 locations, considering different time profiles. Since the definition of the spatial and temporal trend of environmental variables or metrics requires the application of appropriate interpolation procedure, geostatistic methods (kriging), was used to develop Italian daylight maps. The daylight availability maps will be included in the Italian database of solar radiation (www.solaritaly.enea.it) providing an useful tool for lighting energy performances in buildings applications
Analisys of Daylight Availability in Italy Trough Different Louminous Efficacy Models
No full textThis paper presents the results of a study aimed at developing an Italian database of Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) for the global and diffuse outdoor illuminance, starting from solar irradiation measurements and luminous efficacy models. The main objective is to provide reliable climatic data to be used for the estimation of the daylight availability in buildings and predict the energy requirements for electric lighting with higher accuracy than the actual relevant standard. ENEA developed the national solar radiation atlas during the past years, implementing validated models to predict the global, direct and diffuse irradiation, starting from satellite remote sensing. For this study, the most relevant luminous efficacy models were applied to develop illuminance TMY starting from solar irradiation data. Illuminance availability curves were developed for three reference localities of the Italian territory (Milan, Rome, Palermo), highlighting how results can be used to derive the potential contribution of daylight for buildings energy applications. In order to verify the results obtained, a ground measurements compaign of the outdoor illuminance, was started to test the effectiveness of model. The first data processed, show low differences between estimated values and measured data, confirming the validity of selected model. © 2017. The Authors
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