1,721,016 research outputs found
La conoscenza dell’euro in un campione di bambini di III e V elementare nel periodo di transizione dalla lira all’euro
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Gender differences in remembering and inferring spatial distances
No full textThe abilities of males and females to make spatial inferences were compared. Spatial inference is concerned with the ability to work out new spatial information from memory. In two experiments, participants had to study line drawings depicting shapes linked either by straight or meandering lines. Afterwards, they had to remember the straight-line distances or to infer the straight-line distances. Several spatial abilities were also assessed: perceptual discrimination, mental rotation, and visuo-spatial working memory span. The results showed that males outperformed females in spatial inference and mental rotation. Experiment 2 extended the study to old people. The results replicated and clarified those obtained in Experiment 1. Spatial inference and mental rotation showed age-related and genderrelated differences; in addition, age reduced the visuo-spatial memory span. Overall, the findings suggest that gender differences favouring males are maximised with tasks requiring active processing and strategic control of metric information
Comparison of activation level between true and false items in the DRM paradigm.
No full textThe aim of the present study was to compare the activation levels of true and false memories in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm. For this purpose, we used a lexical decision task (LDT) that can be considered a relative pure measure of activation. Participants had to study a list of words that were semantically associated to a critical non-presented word (CI), and afterwards had to classify the actually studied words, the CI and new words in the LDT. Results indicated that the classification latency of the CI was the same as actually studied words and shorter than new words. The results might be interpreted as evidence that the false and true memory items have the same activation level and that the false memory effect can be based on the indirect activation of the CI at the encoding
La storia infinita...dei falsi ricordi. Le illusioni di memoria nei bambini: paradigmi a confronto
No full textLa memoria prospettica nei bambini: uno studio preliminare sugli effetti della natura del compito, dell’intervallo di tempo e dell’età sulla performance
No full textPreliminary remarks about children’s prospective memory: the effects of the type of task and of the delay on performance
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Gender differences in object location memory in a real three-dimensional environment
No full textIn this preliminary study we investigate gender differences in object location memory. Our purpose is to extend the results about object location memory obtained in laboratory settings to a real 3-D environment and to further distinguish the specific components involved in this kind of memory by considering the strategies adopted to perform the task. To do this, we join the three-level model of spatial representations (landmark, route, and survey) proposed by Siegel and White (1975) with the three subcomponents of spatial
memory (what, where, and what+where) identified by Postma and De Haan (1996). We adopted the object relocation task devised by Postma and De Haan (1996), adapted to a real environment. Seven common objects were placed on the floor of a cylindrical room. Sixty-four males and 64 females were asked to memorize the spatial layout. Next, the experimenter moved the objects to a different position along with seven new objects and the participants had to relocate the original objects to their initial positions. In
line with Postma, Izendoorn, and De Haan (1998), we found no gender difference in object recognition, and in recalling absolute distance and categorical spatial relations; however males were better than females in recalling the distance between objects and the size of the layout. Overall, the data show a male advantage in some components of spatial cognition closely linked to the encoding of the metric structure of the spatial relationships at both route and survey level
Predictive Validity of the Three-Factor Model of Impulsivity for Risky Behaviors
No full textImpulsivity is a multifaceted construct particularly relevant for understanding a wide variety of behaviors, especially risky behaviors. A recent conceptualization of impulsivity identifies three impulsivity factors—pervasive influence of feelings, feelings trigger action, and lack of follow-through—that have been shown to predict different behaviors. In this contribution, we examine the psychometric properties of an Italian version of such a three-factor model on a relatively large sample (N = 845). Moreover, on a subsample (n = 766) we determined whether specific dimensions of impulsivity are related to a series of risky behaviors, assessed 3 weeks later, by testing the predictive validity of the multidimensional inventory also in comparison with a standard measure of personality (HEXACO). An exploratory structural equation model confirmed the original 3-dimension structure and showed that the Italian adaptation has satisfactory psychometric properties. Convergent validity with the HEXACO dimensions was established. Furthermore, only the factors feelings trigger action and lack of follow-through, not pervasive influence of feelings, predicted risky behaviors. Findings provide a clear support to the 3-factor model of impulsivity and demonstrate its usefulness for a better comprehension of risky behaviors
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