3,636 research outputs found
Fabrication of 1D metal oxide nanostructures using glancing angle deposition for high performance gas sensors
No full textGas sensors based on metal-oxide-semiconductors are predominantly used in numerous applications including monitoring indoor air quality and detecting harmful substances such as volatile organic compounds. Nanostructures, e.g., nanoparticles, nanotubes, nano- domes, or nanofibers, have been widely utilized to improve the gas sensing properties of metal-oxide-semiconductors by increasing theeffective surface area participating in the surface reaction with target gas molecules. Recently, 1-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nano-structures fabricated using glancing angle deposition (GAD) method with e-beam evaporation have been widely employed to increasethe surface-to-volume ratio significantly with large-area uniformity and reproducibility, leading to promising gas sensing properties.
Herein, we provide a brief overview of 1D metal oxide nanostructures fabricated using GAD and their gas sensing properties in terms of fabrication methods, morphologies, and additives. Moreover, the gas sensing mechanisms and perspectives are presented.N
Pressure drop and heat transfer correlations for triangular folded fin heat sinks
No full textExperiments have been performed to investigate the cooling performance of triangular folded fin heat sinks made of 6000 series aluminum in a duct flow. The dimension of the triangular folded fin heat sink is 70 mm in width and 92 min in length with an 8-mm-thick base plate. The fin height is varied from 19 to 36 mm and the fin pitch from 5.0 to 9.0 mm. The duct air velocity is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 m/s and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter is varied from 212 to 1974. The experimental results show that the cooling performance of triangular folded fin heat sink is influenced by the fin pitch, the Reynolds number, and the fin height. It increases substantially as the fin pitch decreases and the Reynolds number and the fin height increase. By compiling the experimental data, the heat transfer and the friction factor correlations with +/- 6.5% and +/- 20% accuracy, respectively, are provided for effective design of triangular folded fin heat sinks
Jullienula erinae Yang & Seo & Min & Grischenko & Gordon 2018, n. sp.
No full textJullienula erinae n. sp. (Figs 20–27) Etymology. The species name honours the daughter of Prof. Ji Eun Seo. Material examined. Holotype: NIBRIV0000805951, W of Cheongsan Island, South Sea, 34.1585° N, 126.7689° E, 29 July 2016, 42 m. Paratype: NIBRIV0000805952, Cheongpodae, Yellow Sea coast, 36.6334° N, 126.2997° E, 26 May 2017, low tide zone. Other material: Baengnyeong Island: Hwadong, 2 colonies; Junghwadong 86 colonies; Dumujin 169 colonies; Gobongpo, 13 colonies; Jinchon, 25 colonies. West coast: Cheongpodae, 3 colonies. South Sea: Cheongsan Island, 1 colony. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, large, up to 80 mm across, transparent with yellowish tinge, colony margin with deep-yellow pigment granules. Autozooids more or less elongate-oval or with angular proximal end, widest about mid-length. Frontal shield comprising 8–10 (mostly nine) costae, pinnate except in suboral pair (Figs 20–21), the latter more or less parallel-sided, the rest triangular, opposing pairs meeting at weakly defined irregular median suture line; 3–5 slit-like lacunae between adjacent costae. First pair of costae each with rounded lobe extending half-length of orifice on each side. 2–3 pseudopores on all lateral costae; proximal triangular costae generally with only one pseudopore. No gymnocyst; costae originate at zooid margin. Orifices campanuliform, dimorphic. Autozooidal orifice somewhat parallel-sided, with cowl-like distal rim, the proximal ends of which serve as condyles; poster broader than anter, with straight or weakly concave proximal margin. No oral spines. No avicularia. Primary female orifice wider than autozooidal orifice, partly concealed by proximal ooecial margin, lateral margins oblique, diverging proximally. Ooecium reduced in size, scarcely elevated, forming an arch around orifice that meets first pair of costae (Figs 24–25, 27), smooth, typically with 3 pseudopores in distal half, occasionally with an additionally smaller pore on each side in proximal half. Embryo pale orangeyellow. Basal pore-chambers absent; uniporous septula in lateral walls. Ancestrula not seen. Measurements. ZL, 444–579 (501) µm; ZW, 247–346 (304) µm; OrL, 113–126 (120) µm; OrW, 112–125 (120) µm; OoL 78–106 (89) µm; OoW 185–243 (214) µm. Remarks. Jullienula erinae sp. nov. resembles the type species of the genus, Jullienula hippocrepis (Hincks, 1882), in having three pseudopores in the reduced ooecium; Soule et al. (1995) interpreted these as a pair of costal pores and an intercostal pore and that the ooecium is derived from modified costae. Jullienula erinae sp. nov. differs from J. hippocrepis in having more-obviously dimorphic orifices, narrower ooecia and more pseudopores in each costa. Hirose (2010) illustrated by SEM the Japanese species Cribrilina ortmanni Silén, 1941. This is yet another species of Jullienula, which differs from J. erinae sp. nov. in lacking costal and ooecial pseudopores. At Cheongpodae, colonies were seen with embryos in late May (late spring). Distribution. Yellow Sea: Cheongpodae; South Sea: W of Cheongsan Island. Depth 0–42 m.Published as part of Yang, Ho Jin, Seo, Ji Eun, Min, Bum Sik, Grischenko, Andrei V. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea, pp. 216-234 in Zootaxa 4377 (2) on pages 224-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/116397
표면 형상 측정기
No full textA surface shape measuring device includes a substrate, an electrode portion including at least one electrode pattern, the electrode pattern extending on the substrate, a coating layer on the substrate to cover the electrode pattern, and a detector electrically connected to the electrode pattern and detecting a change in a physical quantity of the electrode pattern generated by the deformation of the substrate or the coating layer by an external load applied thereto
터치 센서와 포스 센서의 동일 평면 상 집적 방법
No full textA touch input device which detects a touch position and a touch pressure magnitude may be provided that includes: a display module; a first electrode and a second electrode which are disposed on the display module and are spaced apart from each other; a spacer layer which is formed on the display module and covers the first electrode and the second electrode; and a transparent ground electrode which is disposed on the spacer layer and is formed of a material having transparency. A distance between the transparent ground electrode and the display module is changed by inputting a touch on the transparent ground electrode, and a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed by the distance change. The position of the touch and the pressure magnitude of the touch are detected based on the changed capacitance
Recurrence speed of multiples of an irrational number
No full textLet 0 < <theta> < 1 be irrational and T(<theta>)x = x + theta mod 1 on (0, 1). Consider the partition Q(n) = {((i-1)/2(n), i/2(n)) : 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to 2(n)} and let Q(n)(x) denote the interval in Q(n) containing x. Define two versions of the first return time: J(n)(x) = min{j greater than or equal to 1 : parallel tox - T(theta)(j)x parallel to = parallel toj . theta parallel to < 1/2(n)} where <parallel>t parallel to = min(n is an element ofZ) vertical bart -n vertical bar, and K-n(x) = min{j greater than or equal to 1 : T-theta(j) x is an element of Q(n)(x)}. We show that log J(n)/n --> 1 and log K-n(x)/n --> 1 a.e. as n --> infinity for a.e. theta
Puellina paracaesia Yang & Seo & Min & Grischenko & Gordon 2018, n. sp.
No full textPuellina paracaesia n. sp. (Figs 30–33) Material examined. Holotype: NIBRIV0000805953, N of Soan Island, South Sea, 34.2305° N, 126.6486° E, 29 July 2016, 37 m depth. Paratype: NIBRIV0000812251, 37.9378° N, 124.6233° E, 27 November 2007, 0.3 m depth. Other material: Baengnyeong Island: Dumujin, 2 colonies; Yeonhwa-ri, 1 colony. South Sea: Wan Island, 1 colony; Cheongsan Island, 3 colonies. Also a colony from western Kamchatka slope, Sea of Okhotsk, 58.017° N, 155.717° E, 290 m depth. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, up to 15.5 mm across, whitish-transparent. Autozooids roughly suboval with truncate or angled proximal margins, widest mid-length or in proximal third. Frontal shield comprising 9–11 (mostly 10) costae (including suboral pair), midline fusions irregular, subnodular, with no clear boundaries, often with irregular central peak; 2–3 lacunae between adjacent costae, proximal ones rounded with emergent papillae; the others reniform owing to tiny ligula. Gymnocyst well developed proximally and proximolaterally, not laterally. Orifices dimorphic, that of the female seen to be longer and wider in zooids in which ooecium not yet developed. Autozooidal orifice transversely D-shaped, wider than long, proximal margin straight, not clearly formed by first pair of costae, which appear to overlie it; these costae narrow, defining very small median suboral ligulate pore (lacuna) in most zooids; bordered by 3–5 articulated oral spines. Interzooidal avicularia not seen. Ooecium subprominent, glabrous, with median crest or elevation; 2 oral spines present. Up to three small basal pore chambers on each distolateral side of zooids at colony margin. Ancestrula tatiform with 11 evenly distributed spines, the mid-proximal one longest, curving over proximal half of opesia. Periancestrular zooids with 5 oral spines. Measurements. ZL, 191–281 (239) µm; ZW, 151–244 (177) µm; OrL, 19–24 (22) µm; OrW, 40–52 (46) µm; OoL 87–122 (102) µm; OoW 112–138 (128) µm. Remarks. Our material resembles P. caesia Dick, Grischenko & Mawatari, 2005 from Alaska in the number of oral spines (3–5), a relatively low number among Puellina species. On the other hand, the reniform intercostal lacunae in P. paracaesia n. sp., each with a tiny ligula, are very distinctive. Additionally, there are two concentric rings of intercostal pores inside the ring of larger papilla pores (typically only one such concentric ring of intercostal pores in P. caesia) and zooid size in the Korean material is 3/5 (zooid length) and 2/3 (zooid width) that of P. caesia at Ketchikan. While colony color is not necessarily a reliable character, the Ketchikan specimens were conspicuously gray—hence the name caesia —whereas P. paracaesia n. sp. is whitish transparent and the orifice is more compressed proximodistally. The number of costae overlaps but can be higher (up to 14) in Alaskan material. It is likely that these two taxa represent trans-Pacific sister species. Distribution. Korea, western Kamchatka, 0–290 m depth. Puellina paracaesia n. sp. has also been found in the eastern part of the Sea of Okhotsk (A.V. Grischenko, pers. obs.).Published as part of Yang, Ho Jin, Seo, Ji Eun, Min, Bum Sik, Grischenko, Andrei V. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea, pp. 216-234 in Zootaxa 4377 (2) on pages 227-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/116397
Reginella biporosa Yang & Seo & Min & Grischenko & Gordon 2018, n. comb.
No full textReginella biporosa (Okada, 1923) n. comb. (Figs 16, 18–19) Cribrilina biporosa Okada, 1923: 226, fig. 6. Material examined. South Sea: Cheongsan Island, 1 colony; Soan Island, 1 colony. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, up to 30 mm across. Autozooids more or less elongate-oval, widest in middle region. Frontal shield comprising 10–12 (mostly 11) costae, pinnate except in suboral pair, more distal ones parallel-sided, more proximal ones triangular, opposing pairs meeting at weakly defined irregular median suture line; 3–6 lacunae between adjacent costae. First pair of costae variable, generally with tips of opposing costae slightly raised. A single pseudopore in each costa, subterminal, often more terminal in suboral pair. No gymnocyst laterally, rarely present proximally. Autozooidal orifice transversely D-shaped, proximal margin more or less straight or weakly convex. Paired, somewhat flattened, non-articulated latero-oral spine-like processes present; these tending to widen and curve frontalwards. Avicularia rare, interzooidal, subvicarious (Fig. 19), rostrum and opesia equally biconvex, hence having overall figure-eight shape, or unequally biconvex; crossbar complete, opesia with smooth, narrow cryptocyst. Ooecium recumbent on distal zooid, smoothsurfaced with conspicuous pair of ectooecial fenestrae and thin median suture (Figs 16, 18). Basal pore-chambers absent; uniporous mural septula present, each with relatively large communication pore. Ancestrula not seen. Measurements. ZL, 421–553 (499) µm; ZW, 312–361 (342) µm; OrL, 86–123 (103) µm; OrW, 162–194 (172) µm; AvL 180 µm; AvW 129 µm; OoL 223 (223) µm; OoW 242 (242) µm. Remarks. Reginella biporosa is of questionable generic affinity. The bifenestrate ooecium is like that in typical species of Figularia. On the other hand, the form of the costate shield and orifice, with its paired flattened spinose processes, is consistent with Reginella. Conceptually, it is possible that the ectooecial pseudopores in a multiporous Reginella could be reduced in number to two large pores. Soule et al. (1995) considered the characters that are shared by three genera named by Jullien (1886), i.e. Reginella, Lyrula [preoccupied, replaced by Jullienula Bassler, 1953] and Figularia, proposing that the latter two should be treated as subgenera of Reginella. Here, we maintain each as a separate genus, with the following key characters: Reginella —no lateral gymnocyst; orifice more or less transversely D-shaped, no definite condyles; paired latero-oral processes; avicularia when present interzooidal, with crossbar; ooecium well-developed, with two to several ectooecial foramina. Jullienula —no lateral gymnocyst; orifice more or less campanuliform; paired latero-oral processes; avicularia when present vicarious, lacking crossbar; ooecium much reduced in size, almost vestigial, possibly derived from 1– 2 costae, each with one or a few pseudopores or none. Figularia —well-developed lateral gymnocyst; orifice with well-developed poster and condyles; no oral processes; avicularia vicarious, with crossbar; ooecium well-developed, typically bifenestrate or with several ectooecial pseudopores. (Species with multiple ectooecial pseudopores need further study to determine if they are genuinely congeneric with Figularia.) Distribution. Korean and Japanese waters of Korea Strait, 37–119 m depth. Jullienula Bassler, 1953Published as part of Yang, Ho Jin, Seo, Ji Eun, Min, Bum Sik, Grischenko, Andrei V. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea, pp. 216-234 in Zootaxa 4377 (2) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/116397
Reginella multipora Yang & Seo & Min & Grischenko & Gordon 2018, n. comb.
No full textReginella multipora (Sakakura, 1935) n. comb. (Figs 14–15, 17) Lyrula multipora Sakakura, 1935: 109, pl. 8, fig. 7. Reginella furcata: Sakakura 1938: 96; Androsova 1959: 59, pl. 1, fig. 4; Mawatari 1988, 149, figs 9–14; Liu et al. 2001: 523, pl. 34, figs 1–2. Non Cribrilina furcata Hincks, 1882. Figularia multipora: Silén 1941: 117, figs 178–180. Cribrilina annulata: Liu et al. 2001: 512, pl. 32, fig. 5. Non Cellepora annulata Fabricius, 1780. Material examined. Baengnyeong Island: Hwadong, 2 colonies; Junghwadong, 5 colonies; Dumujin, 1 colony; Gobongpo, 13 colonies. Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, up to 7 mm across, white. Autozooids more or less elongate-hexagonal with rounded corners, widest about mid-length. Frontal shield comprising 12–13 costae, pinnate except in suboral pair (Figs 14–15), more distal ones parallel-sided, more proximal ones triangular, opposing pairs meeting at weakly defined irregular median suture line; 4–8 (mostly 5–6) lacunae between adjacent costae. First pair of costae typically a little wider and thicker than succeeding costae, frequently with median ridge or peak where tips fuse. Two pseudopores on most costae, the outermost one larger; proximal triangular costae generally with only one pseudopore. No gymnocyst; costae originate at zooid margin. Autozooidal orifice transversely D-shaped, proximal margin straight or weakly convex. Articulated oral spines absent, but a stout process on each lateral margin may be weakly bifid, with distalmost tines of opposing processes occasionally meeting above distal oral rim; a pseudopore sometimes on lower outer face of each lateral process. No avicularia. Ooecium recumbent on distal zooid, smooth-surfaced with about 18–24 variable pseudopores (Figs 15, 17), thin median suture and sometimes a weak carina. Basal pore-chambers absent; uniporous mural septula present, each with relatively large communication pore. Ancestrula not seen. Measurements. ZL, 325–333 (329) µm; ZW, 208–268 (234) µm; OrL, 57–68 (63) µm; OrW, 97–109 (102) µm; OoL 147–161 (154) µm; OoW 168–176 (172) µm. Remarks. Reginella multipora is similar to the western North American species Reginella furcata (Hincks, 1882) and Reginella nitida Osburn, 1950 (see Soule et al. 1995), but differs from both in having, on average, fewer costae (12–16 in R. furcata, 14–17 in R. nitida), a non-concave proximal orificial rim, a stouter and wider pair of suboral costal with a median ridge or peak and proportionately larger costal pseudopores and ooecial pseudopores. Sakakura (1935) described the species from Toyama Bay, on the east coast of central Honshu, as having 13 costae; Mawatari (1988) noted 10–14 costae. Silén (1941) recorded it from Kyushu, with “about 13” costae. Androsova (1971) described Lyrula hippocrepis possjeti from Possyet Bay, Russia, on the coast of the Japan Sea. Judging from her illustration, which includes latero-oral spinous processes, her taxon may belong to Reginella. It differs from R. multipora in having fewer costae (11), with apparently only one large pseudopore per costa. Distribution. Southeastern Japan Sea, Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, 0–274 m depth.Published as part of Yang, Ho Jin, Seo, Ji Eun, Min, Bum Sik, Grischenko, Andrei V. & Gordon, Dennis P., 2018, Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) of Korea, pp. 216-234 in Zootaxa 4377 (2) on pages 222-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/116397
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