162,167 research outputs found
Taxonomy, distribution and classification of ecosystem-types, integrating the recent IUCN function-based typology and local conceptualizations
No full text1. Introduction:
This dataset is a work in progress. It compiles data gathered on ecosystem-types and their distribution based on a series of field studies led by the author, in Seychelles and West and Central Africa (Senterre 2014, Senterre & Wagner 2014, Senterre 2016, Senterre et al. 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021a, 2022). The aims of this dataset are:
a. To share in an explicit and transparent way data on proposed taxonomies of ecosystems, i.e. conceptualizations of ecosystem-types, including explicit ecosystem names and management of synonymies.
b. To develop ecosystem red listing based on transparent and falsifiable distribution raw data, combining distribution modeling (maps) and in situ observation of individual stand occurrences.
c. To illustrate in detail how to deal with ecosystem data following the approach described in Senterre et al. (2021b) (i.e. "ecosystemology" approach).
d. To integrate the above approach with the newly developed function-based typology of ecosystems (Keith et al. 2022), therefore contributing to bridging the persistent gap between the global and the local scales in ecosystem descriptions and classifications.
2. Context and versions:
This dataset was initially planned for publication on GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), as part of a project developed for the review of Key Biodiversity Areas in Seychelles: "Mainstreaming recent species and ecosystem distribution data into Key Biodiversity Areas assessments in Seychelles" (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f513fe98-b1c3-45ee-8e14-7f2a5b7890bf).
In the first version of the GBIF dataset (https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f513fe98-b1c3-45ee-8e14-7f2a5b7890bf), we proposed an analysis of the potential 'core' and 'extension' files available in GBIF for a publication of ecosystem-type names (and synonymies) and their corresponding occurrences recorded from field observations. This is an original analysis of taxonomic principles managed entirely at the scale of local observable objects, and their history of identifications or interpretations.
Toward the end of the above-mentioned GBIF project, considering the limitations and gaps currently present in GBIF, it was decided to restrict the GBIF dataset to a simple 'metadata' entry and to publish the complete version of this dataset in Zenodo. This allows to include all tables needed, as well as all required fields without having to accommodate them within the limited GBIF structure (see metadata description on GBIF for more details). The fields of the tables published here are described in the GBIF metadata entry and in the ecosystemology paper (Senterre et al. 2021b).
3. New development on typology aspects:
In addition, considering that the new IUCN global typology of ecosystems is now published (Keith et al. 2022), we have reviewed in detail the possibility of integration of ecosystems conceptualized using our ecosystemology approach within the new IUCN typology. The result of this analysis is being considered for a publication, and this Zenodo dataset would then be published in full (i.e. including all typology aspects) as supplementary materials. In the meantime, I would be happy to discuss any of these aspects with whoever is interested.
4. Access to ecosystem data for conservation actors:
Finally, the actual data (published here) on ecosystem-types, their names, synonymies, classification, distribution, and red list status are compiled into a format that we designed to be useful to conservation actors in the form of interactive webpages (produced with R as shiny apps). This development is based on very limited resources, and the author is still quite new to R, so any help or feedback on ways to improve the scripts would be very much welcomed.
The interactive page is available here (currently filtered to Seychelles' data only, although the dataset contains data beyond the Seychelles): https://shiny.bio.gov.sc/bioeco/
The R scripts are available on Github: https://github.com/bsenterre/ecosystemology
5. Tables contained in this dataset:
a. Ecosystem taxonomy tables:
ecoSpecies: Contains the list of all ecosystem-type names with their unique identifier.
ecoOccurrences: Contains the list of individual stand occurrences, including ecosystem characters as standardized in Senterre et al. (2021b; i.e. virtual ecosystem specimen).
ecoSpeciesProfiles: Contains basic metadata on ecosystem-types, such as their Red List evaluations.
ecoIdentifications: Contains all the different interpretations/identifications (referring to the table ecoSpecies or to higher levels of classification, see below) made on the stands observed in the ecoOccurrences table.
b. Ecosystem typology tables (TO BE ADDED LATER):
IUCNL3: This is just a transcription, as is, of the IUCN global typology version 2.1.
IUCNL3BIOCrossover: This table defines and comments correspondences between BIOL2 (the level 2 of the typology used by us) and the IUCN typology L3 (level 3).
BIOL2: This is a variation based on the IUCN typology, here our level 2.
BIOL3: This is a variation based on the IUCN typology, here our level 3.
BIOL4: This is a variation based on the IUCN typology, here our level 4.
ecoGenus: This is a general type of stand (thus excluding any regional ecosystem connotation), defined at a local scale and never combined with any geographic connotation (see ecosystemology paper: Senterre et al. 2021b).
ecoFamily: This is a generalized version of the ecoGenus (i.e. still excluding any regional, sub-regional or geographic aspect).
ecoOrder: This is a further generalized version of the ecoGenus (see also Senterre et al. 2020).
lifeZone: This is a basic and incomplete list of life zones as defined following the Holdridge (1967) approach, with some additional elements proposed in Senterre et al. (2021b).
6. Literature cited:
Holdridge, L. R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica.
Keith, D. A., J. R. Ferrer-Paris, E. Nicholson, M. J. Bishop, B. A. Polidoro, E. Ramirez-Llodra, M. G. Tozer, J. L. Nel, R. Mac Nally, E. J. Gregr, K. E. Watermeyer, F. Essl, D. Faber-Langendoen, J. Franklin, C. E. R. Lehmann, A. Etter, D. J. Roux, J. S. Stark, J. A. Rowland, N. A. Brummitt, U. C. Fernandez-Arcaya, I. M. Suthers, S. K. Wiser, I. Donohue, L. J. Jackson, R. T. Pennington, T. M. Iliffe, V. Gerovasileiou, P. Giller, B. J. Robson, N. Pettorelli, A. Andrade, A. Lindgaard, T. Tahvanainen, A. Terauds, M. A. Chadwick, N. J. Murray, J. Moat, P. Pliscoff, I. Zager, and R. T. Kingsford. 2022. A function-based typology for Earth’s ecosystems. . Nature 610:513–518. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05318-4.
Senterre, B. 2014. Mapping habitat-types within the Hummingbird site at Dugbe (Liberia, West Africa). Consultancy Report, Missouri Botanical Garden. P. 56. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32628.48003.
Senterre, B. 2016. Habitat-type ground-truthing and assessment of ecosystem conservation value in the Bel Air Alufer mining site (Guinea, West Africa), with recommendations for improving the draft map of land cover types. Consultancy Report, Missouri Botanical Garden, A study conducted for Alufer Mining Limited. P. 54.
Senterre, B., E. Bidault, and T. Stévart. 2019. Identification et évaluation des écosystèmes menacés du Mont Nimba. Rapport de consultance, Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), Africa and Madagascar Department. P. 106. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13242.93129.
Senterre, B., E. Bidault, T. Stévart, and P. P. Lowry II. 2020. Assessment of Key Biodiversity Areas in the Lofa-Gola-Mano & Nimba complexes (West Africa) using ecosystem criteria. Final Report, Missouri Botanical Garden. P. 146. 10.13140/RG.2.2.17934.89924.
Senterre, B., E. Bidault, T. Stévart, M. Wagner, and P. Lowry. 2017. Mapping habitat-types in south-east Kouilou (Republic of Congo). Consultancy Report, Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), Africa and Madagascar Department, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. P. 163.
Senterre, B., R. M. Bristol, G. Gendron, and E. Henriette. 2021a. Fine-tuning conservation priorities in Seychelles at the landscape scale, using global KBA guidelines with both species and ecosystem criteria. Consultancy Report, United Nations Development Programme, GOS/UNDP/GEF Programme Coordination Unit, Victoria, Seychelles.
Senterre, B., P. P. Lowry II, E. Bidault, and T. Stévart. 2021b. Ecosystemology: a new approach toward a taxonomy of ecosystems. . Ecological Complexity 47:100945. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100945.
Senterre, B., A.-H. Paradis, E. Bidault, T. Stévart, and P. P. Lowry II. 2022. Qualité et distribution des savanes montagnardes du Nimba. Rapport de consultance, Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), Africa and Madagascar Department. P. 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13433.34401.
Senterre, B., and M. Wagner. 2014. Mapping Seychelles habitat-types on Mahé, Praslin, Silhouette, La Digue and Curieuse. Consultancy Report, Government of Seychelles, United Nations Development Programme, Victoria, Seychelles. P. 119. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4558.6009.The preparation of this dataset was supported by a GBIF funding (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) and by the Government of Seychelles through a consultancy on Key Biodiversity Areas
[Nutritional requirements of the low birth-weight newborn infant]
No full textThe preterm newborn infant for his very high growth rate is especially vulnerable to any deficiency or excess of the nutritional intake. Moreover he differs from the older infant because of the immaturity of many biological function. Such immaturity is temporary in the term newborn, while lasts longer in the preterm newborn infant. In this paper needs for energy, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and minerals in the preterm newborn are reported. They are based on metabolic balance studies carried out in preterm newborn infants fed either human milk or different formulas. The own mother fresh milk, supplemented with phosphorus, appears to be the best feeding for the preterm infant. Formulas conveniently adapted in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and minerals content may be used as reasonable substitutes. On the contrary the pooled pasteurized human milk is not advisable
[Fat absorption in the premature newborn infant]
No full textThe etiopathogenesis and the clinical implications of fat malabsorption in preterm infants are reviewed. Low pancreatic lipase activity and impaired solubilization of lipids due to low intraluminal concentration of bile salts appear to be the main factors of the inadequate lipid absorption. The compensatory role of intragastric lipolysis could be important. Currently available informations suggest that, chylomicron formation and transport of lipids are not limiting steps, but the efficiency of these processes in neonates needs further investigations. Due to its bile-stimulated lipase activity, non-heat-treated human milk used at least in part, appears to be the most effective method to improve fat absorption in the preterm infant
Estimated and measured energy content of infant formulas.
No full textThis study was undertaken to assess to what extent estimated energy content of 13 infant formulas was related to gross energy measured by bomb calorimetry. Measured gross energy exceeded significantly metabolizable energy as claimed by the manufacturers by applying the classical Atwater's factors by about 12% (range, 6-17%). Measured gross energy also exceeded significantly gross energy calculated by applying either FAO/WHO or our own values of heat combustion of nutrient by 6% (range, 3-9%) and 3.5% (range, 1-6%), respectively. It is concluded that for reasons of symmetry and simplicity, the labeling of the energy content of infant formulas should continue to be calculated by applying the classical Atwater's factors to the nutrient composition. However, when accurate energy balance studies are carried out, the energy content of the diet should be measured by bomb calorimetry rather than be estimated by applying conversion factors to claimed or determined nutrient composition
Crepidomanes parvulum Nivart, Senterre & Dubuisson 2021, comb. nov.
No full textCrepidomanes parvulum (Poir.) Nivart, Senterre & Dubuisson, comb. nov. Trichomanes parvulum Poir. (Poiret 1808: 64), non Copel. (Copeland 1933: 145), type citation: M. du Petit-Thouars à l’île de Madagascar. Type:— MAURITIUS?. Without locality, without date, L.-M.A. du Petit-Thouars s.n. (lectotype P, P00065014!, here designated excl. specim. P01190780!; isolectotype P, P00065015!, excl. specim. P01190781!). Note.—The specimens were first considered to be from Madagascar as indicated by Poiret himself, but as highlighted by Tardieu-Blot (1941), the Petit-Thouars’ material studied by Poiret would actually have been collected in ‘Ile de France’ (Mauritius), hence the present suggested locality. = Trichomanes minutum Blume (1828: 223). ≡ Gonocormus minutus (Blume) Bosch (1861: 7–8, pl. 3) ≡ Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K.Iwats. (Iwatsuki 1985: 524) var. minutum. Type:—JAVA. Without locality, without date, C.L. Blume s.n. (lectotype L, L0544607!, specimen A, designated by Dubuisson et al. (2018)). = Trichomanes proliferum Blume (1828: 224). ≡ Gonocormus prolifer (Blume) Prantl (1875: 51). Type:—JAVA. Without locality, without date, C.L. Blume s.n. (lectotype L, L0052391!, designated by Dubuisson et al. (2018); isolectotype L, L0544607!, specimen B). = Trichomanes saxifragoides C. Presl. (Presl 1843: 39). ≡ Gonocormus saxifragoides (C.Presl.) Bosch (1861: 9). Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon, without date, H. Cuming 256 (lectotype K, K000375720!, inadvertently designated by Tindale (1963); isolectotypes L, L0537118!, L0537119!, P, P00624459!). = Trichomanes palmatum C. Presl. (Presl 1843: 39, 40). Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon, without date, H. Cuming 209 (holotype L?; isotype P, P00624461!). = Trichomanes mannii Hook. (Hooker & Baker 1868: 75, 76). ≡ Gonocormus mannii (Hook.) G.Kunkel (Kunkel 1963: 212). ≡ Crepidomanes mannii (Hook.) J. P. Roux (Roux 2000: 155). Type:— EQUATORIAL GUINEA. ‘Fernando Po’, before 1861, G. Mann s.n. (syntype K?; isosyntype GH, GH00022249!). = Trichomanes lepervanchei Cordem. (Cordemoy 1891: 14). Type:— LA RÉUNION. Plaine des fougères, without date, M. Lepervanche-Mezière 7 (lectotype P, P 02141627!, designated by Dubuisson et al. (2018); isolectotype P, P 02141628!). = Trichomanes matthewii Christ (1909: 56). ≡ Gonocormus matthewii (Christ) Ching (Ching 1959: 177). Type:— CHINA. Kuang-toung: North river, Mong-si-hai, 11 December 1907, C.G. Matthew 26 (holotype P, P00623412!, isotype K, K001090162!). = Trichomanes musolense Brause ex Brause & Hieron. (1915: 377, 378). Type:— EQUATORIAL GUINEA. ‘ Westafrika: Fernando Poo, Musola oberhalb San Carlos (Westküste)’, November 1911, J. Mildbraed et al. 7057 (syntypes B, BW 20 0105426!, BW 20 0105427!; isosyntype P, P00482619!). = Trichomanes ruwenzoriense Taton (1946: 31, pl. 3, figs K, L), as ‘ ruwenzoriensis ’. ≡ Gonocormus ruwenzoriensis (Taton) Pic. Serm. (Pichi Sermolli 1968: 175). ≡ Crepidomanes ruwenzoriense (Taton) J.P. Roux (Roux 2009: 40). Type:— DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. ‘Secteur des lacs Edouard et Kivu: Ruwenzori, Lamia’, before 1920, J.C.C. Bequaert s.n. (holotype BR, BR0000008054166!). = Gonocormus australis Ching (1959: 163). Type:— CHINA. Hainan, without date, E. Smith 1397 (holotype BM, BM001044300!)Published as part of Dubuisson, Jean-Yves, Nivart, Adele, Senterre, Bruno & Rouhan, Germinal, 2021, New taxonomic treatment for Trichomanes parvulum Poir. and T. dregei Bosch (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae), pp. 119-125 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 123, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/557206
Serum diamine oxidase in the neonate
No full textSerum diamine oxidase (DAO) activities were measured in 9 pregnant women and in 33 neonates during the 1st week of life. The radiometric method was used. Very high values were found in the mothers (mean +/- SE: 720 +/- 143 pmol ml-1 h-1). Neonates showed significantly elevated values (mean +/- SE: 178 +/- 54 pmol ml-1 h-1) on the 1st postnatal day when compared to the 7th day values (mean +/- SE: 27 +/- 5.7 pmol ml-1 h-1). Serial determinations showed a progressive decline from day 1 to day 7 after birth. We suggest the high serum DAO levels in neonates during the first days of life are due to leakage of placental enzyme into the circulation either at birth or during fetal life. Consequently, serum DAO cannot be used as a marker of small bowel functional integrity in the 1st postnatal week
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Enteral nutrition in preterm neonates
No full textInfants with birth body weight less than 1500 g develop a postnatal growth failure in the vast majority of the cases. To limit this risk, enteral nutrition should be introduced appropriately, with the respect to actual requirements of preterm neonates. Administration of enteral nutrition depends on postnatal age and clinical conditions. During the early adaptive period of life (from birth to approximately day 7), hemodynamic instability associated with immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract limit the use of enteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition represents the main route of administration of nutrients in this period. However, enteral nutrition should be started since the first 1-2 days of life as minimal enteral feeding (10-30 ml/kg/d) and progressively increased (by 20-30 ml/kg/d) until full enteral feeding is reached (120 kcal/kg/d) and, contemporarily, parenteral nutrition could be stopped. In the stable growing period (from approximately day 7 to near term/discharge) all nutritional requirements, including macronutrients and micronutrients, should be reached only by enteral nutrition. Human milk is the preferred form of enteral nutrition for preterm babies, however fortification with adequate amount of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes and micronutrients should be adopted to respect nutritional needs of these subjects. In this Chapter we focused on modalities to reach nutritional requirements by enteral nutrition
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