1,721,354 research outputs found
Associazione tra livelli sierici di lipoproteina(a) e polimorfismo dimensionale dell'apolipoproteina(a) e danno degli organi bersaglio nell'ipertensione arteriosa.
No full textMechanisms of insulin resistance in rat models of hypertension and their relationships with salt sensitivity
No full textSeveral lines of evidence suggest that insulin resistance and the resultant hyperinsulinaemia are causally related to hypertension. Insulin actions are initiated by binding to a high-affinity transmembrane protein receptor which is present in all mammalian cells. These effects are predominant in skeletal muscle, liver, and fat and involve a number of tissue-specific and biochemically diverse events. Less well known are effects of insulin occurring in tissues not usually considered as insulin targets, which are hypothetical contributors to the pro-hypertensive action of the hormone. These effects include activation of renal sodium reabsorption, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, growth-promoting activity on vascular smooth muscle cells, and modulation of transmembrane cation transport Epidemiological investigations have implicated sodium intake in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Because of the sodium-retaining effects of insulin, it has been postulated that insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia may be critical for the pathogenesis of salt-sensitivity in essential hypertensive subjects. Insulin resistance is present also in strains of rats with genetic hypertension that can be utilized as models to study the molecular mechanisms of this abnormality. In the present article, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms of insulin resistance in rat models of arterial hypertension in which decreased sensitivity to insulin occurs and propose a rationale hypothesis that links insulin resistance with salt-sensitivity and hypertension, J Hypertens 1999, 17:1229-1237 (C) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
OLMESARTAN MEDOXIMIL ED IDROCLOROTIAZIDE AD ALTO DOSAGGIO PER IL TRATTAMENTO DELL'IPERTENSIONE
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Management of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients: evolution or revolution?
No full textDiabetes is associated with a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological evidence shows that hyperglycemia, hypertension and disorders of both lipid and thrombosis are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Intervention trials on each of such factors have demonstrated a favourable effect in terms of reduction of cardiovascular disease, suggesting that even in diabetic patients in whom blood glucose levels are adequately controlled, other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and prothrombotic state, should be aggressively treated. The need for an aggressive treatment has been recently underscored by the UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) researchers who suggest that "polypharmacy" is now needed for the prevention of diabetic complications, implying that this approach requires an adequate control of all cardiovascular risk factors even using associations of drugs for each of them. A thorough application of these concepts might appear difficult in particular when the resource cost is considered. However, it has been shown that blood glucose, blood pressure and serum lipid control are advantageous in diabetic patients not only in terms of cost/benefit ratio but also in terms of quality of life. In the present article, we will briefly review this evidence and discuss the ethical and socioeconomic concerns that may subsequently ris
INFLUENCE OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING-ENZYME INHIBITION ON THE PROEDEMATOUS ACTIVITY OF NICARDIPINE
No full textThe dual role of the kidney in primary aldosteronism: key determinant in rescue from volume expansion and persistence of hypertension
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