1,721,036 research outputs found
FLUOROQUINOLONES IN WATER: REMOVAL ATTEMPS BY INNOVATIVE AOPS
Full text linkThe photocatalytic activity of TiO2 semiconductor immobilized onto the surface of glass borosilicate tubes was evaluated for measuring levofloxacin, which is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infection
Indagine sui risultati di atrazina in una prova di confronto tra avvicendamenti colturali
No full textNATO SPS ASI G5535 CETRARO 2019 “DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND HEALTH CONCERNS OF TOXIC CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL AGENTS"
No full textWater pollution is becoming dramatic because of increasingly invasive and deleterious anthropic activities.
A significant number of contaminants called "Emerging Pollutants” (EPs) resulting from point and diffuse pollution are present in the aquatic environment.
These compounds, belonging to pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, surfactants, personal care products, analgesics, antibiotics, hormones and a whole range of other pharmaceutical compounds including anti-inflammatory, anti- diabetic, and antiepileptic drugs, are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects (1).
The threat lies in the fact that the environmental and human toxinology of most of these compounds has not been well addressed yet and many of these compounds are not removed by the conventional WasteWater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Moreover, when these contaminants pass through the drinking water treatment systems undergo trasformations that generate derivative substances whose chemical properties remain undetermined. For this reason, it is necessary to try to find low-cost and easy-to-handle alternative methods to solve this vast problem.
Fluoroquinolones, which are powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases and infections are among the drugs most frequently found in environmental waters along with sulfonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides. The synergistic action of these drugs can cause what is known as "bacterial resistance", which is the cause of 700,000 annually people death in worldwide due to resistant infections according to Joint Research Center (JRC) 2018 report.. This means that if no action is taken the estimated annual deaths attributable to bacterial resistance will be 10 million by 2050.
Adsorption by using porous materials (like activated carbon, polymeric resins, natural clay and organoclay complex adsorbents) was found to be one of the most simple, efficient, cost-effective, flexible methods to remove fluoroquinolonesin the wastewater treatment process. However, this technique does not lead to the complete removal of parent chemicals and their degradation products and, consequently, other treatments are needed for their mineralization.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) can be a good choice because, basically, involve the generation of highly reactive free radicals, which convert the organic contaminants into final non-toxic by-products.
Among the various semiconductors employed, TiO2 is the most preferable material for the photo-catalytic process (high photosensitivity, non-toxic nature, large band gap, chemical stability and low cost).
In this research the photocatalytic activity of this semiconductor immobilized onto the surface of glass borosilicate tubes was evaluated on levofloxacin (trade name Levaquin and other), which is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections including acute bacterial sinusitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, chronic prostatitis, and some types of gastroenteritis. Kinetics of photoreactions were determined in ultrapure and ground water samples spiked with levofloxacin and photoproducts where identified by liquid chromatography coupled with micrOTOF-Q-II-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS, Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen)
Scrano, L., Pallara, M., Buccione, R., Mongelli, G., Bufo, S.A., Laviano, R., 2023. Characterization of Natural and Modified Clay Used for a Filtration System Aiming at the Removal of Contaminants from Surface Water. In: Çiner, A., et al. Recent Research on Environmental Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Soil Science, Paleoclimate, and Karst. MedGU 2021. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham.
No full textSurface Retention and Photochemical Reactivity of the Diphenylether Herbicide Oxyfluorfen
No full textThe photochemical behavior of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-etoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] on two Greek soils was investigated. Soils were sampled from Nea Malgara and Preveza regions, characterized by a different organic matter content. Soils were spiked with the diphenyl-ether herbicide and irradiation experiments were performed either in the laboratory with a solar simulator (xenon lamp) or outside, under natural sunlight irradiation; other soil samples were kept in the dark to control the retention reaction. Kinetic parameters of both retention and photochemical reactions were calculated using zero-, first- and second- (Langmuir-Hinshelwood) order equations, and best fit was checked through statistical analysis. The soil behaviors were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, with the soil sampled from the Nea Malgara region much more sorbent as compared with Preveza soil. All studied reactions followed second-order kinetics and photochemical reactions were influenced by retaining capability of the soils. The contributions of the photochemical processes to the global dissipation rates were also calculated. Two main metabolites were identified as 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene and 2-chloro-1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
Applications of LC-MS for Detection of some Chemicals and their Metabolites in Water
Full text linkSurface waters are at risk from certain specific chemicals (priority substances) that could cause harm to the aquatic ecosystem (fish, plants, food chain, etc.) or affect human health through exposure to water (e.g. drinking, bathing, seafood, etc.). The Water Framework Directive (WFD) [1] requires the Commission to come forward with a strategy on pollution of surface waters. The European Directive 2000/60/CE stresses the need of adopting measures against water pollution in order to achieve a progressive reduction of contaminants and recuperate water for new uses.
The main objective is the application of LC-MS for the identification of polluting chemical compounds and their degradation intermediates in water. In this poster some results are reported about the identification of:
- tetra-hydro-cannabinol (THC) and other metabolites of Cannabis found in real water samples collected from the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Vila Nova De Gaia (Portugal),
- levofloxacin and MCPA and their metabolites in water samples undergone heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation using titanium dioxide coatings (TIO2).
Results of this investigation show as the mass spectrometry is very important for the detection of different polluting chemicals at low concentration. Our and literature findings demonstrate that
- traditional water treatments are not able to remove contaminants from wastewater and consequently recalcitrant pollutant water can entry the water cycle;
- the heterogeneous photo-catalytic system tested in our experiments is able to degrade the chemicals used as model molecules and may find application in the remediation of water contaminated with recalcitrant residues due to poor efficiency of treatment plants normally adopted for the purification of wastewater.
To obtain accurate masses and molecular formulae,
to identify unknown or unexpected and unusual metabolites,
to suggest degradation pathways
the structural identification of parent molecules and derivatives in very low concentrations represents a great benefit for environmental analytical purpose
Soil organic matter extracted by electro-ultrafiltration: preliminary characterizzation using fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclution HPLC.
No full textPreliminary characteriztion of soil organic matter extracted by electro-ultrafiltration.
No full textSimulated ageing of crude oil and advanced oxidation processes for water remediation since crude oil pollution
Full text linkCrude oil can undergo biotic and abiotic transformation processes in the environment. This article deals with the fate of an Italian crude oil under simulated solar irradiation to understand (i) the modification induced on its composition by artificial aging and (ii) the transformations arising from different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) applied as oil-polluted water remediation methods. The AOPs adopted were photocatalysis, sonolysis, and, simultaneously, photocatalysis and sonolysis (sonophotocatalysis). Crude oil and its water-soluble fractions underwent analysis using GC-MS, liquid-state1H-NMR, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), and fluorescence. The crude oil after light irradiation showed (i) significant modifications induced by the artificial aging on its composition and (ii) the formation of potentially toxic substances. The treatment produced oil oxidation with a particular effect of double bonds oxygenation. Non-polar compounds present in the water-soluble oil fraction showed a strong presence of branched alkanes and a good amount of linear and aromatic alkanes. All remediation methods utilized generated an increase of C5 class and a decrease of C6-C9 types of compounds. The analysis of polar molecules elucidated that oxygenated compounds underwent a slight reduction after photocatalysis and a sharp decline after sonophotocatalytic degradation. Significant modifications did not occur by sonolysis
Assay of Riboflavin in Sample Wines by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection
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