198,171 research outputs found
Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and the origins of the euro. NBB Working Paper No. 222, March 2012
No full textTommaso Padoa-Schioppa was one of the great architects of the euro. He is remembered in particular as co-rapporteur for the Delors Committee and as a founding member of the European Central Bank's Executive Board. For Padoa-Schioppa, becoming Director-General of the European
Commission's DG II (from 1979 to 1983), was a defining moment in his career and life. This period is the main focus of this paper. At the Commission, Padoa-Schioppa's main priority was the European Monetary System, which was launched in March 1979. He was closely involved in
several projects to strengthen the EMS, to improve economic policy convergence and the position of the ECU. The other main objective for Padoa-Schioppa was the strengthening of DG II's analytical capacity, especially its model-building capacity and its links with the academic world. As
such, he played a crucial role in the professionalisation of economics at the Commission and in preparing DG II for the important role it would play in the EMU process. At the Commission, Padoa-Schioppa became also immersed in several European netorks. Of crucial importance here were his contacts with Jacques Delors. This would be of major importance for his further career, becoming one of the architects of the single currency
Mutual Recognition, Unemployment and the Welfare State. ENEPRI Working Paper No. 13, September 2002
No full textContents: 1. Introduction; 2. Rules and Regulations on Mutual Recognition in the European Union Markets; Mutual recognition, equivalence, competition and harmonisation; "Equal treatment" and "social dumping"; The minimum threshold; 3. Proposals for the Introduction of Mutual Recognition in the European Labour Markets and Welfare States; Existing general rules for social protection in Europe; Health care; Mandatory pension schemes; Supplementary pension schemes; Classical unemployment and labour mobility; Mutual recognition and labour market rigidities: A theoretical model; 4. Policy Conclusions. [From the Introduction]. In the post-war process of its economic and social construction, the European Union has been following different paths ranging between open assimilation to mutual recognition. The former arises in the attempts, either negotiated between partners or proposed by Community institutions, to attain harmonisation, coordination, convergence, strengthened co-operation, through peer pressures or moral suasion, looking at benchmarks or at best practices. These are all forms of mediation, compromise, variable geometry between Member States, which show a certain degree of success, but also many failures, mainly because they are unable to accept unity in diversity making the large, existing heterogeneity in Europe a form not of weakness but of wealth. This is indeed the very gist of the principle of mutual recognition: its symbolic value can be easily perceived simply by thinking that, if the American currency bears the caption "ex pluribus unum", the Euro motto becomes "unity in diversity", as stated in her May 4 2000 speech by Mme. Nicole Fontaine, Chairperson of the European Parliament.... In what follows we will analyse the main reasons for the observed facts concerning the advantages of mutual recognition in three out of the four European freedoms (Section 2). We will then see the disadvantages of using an oposite principle in Union’s labour markets and Welfare States. Some possible extensions of the principle of mutual recognition in these fields will thus be proposed: using a simple theoretical game theory model, the positive implications on labour mobility and on the fight against the European classical unemployment will be shown (Section 3). Section 4 will illustrate some policy conclusions
Transcalarità e adattabilità nel landscape urbanism
No full textNel variegato panorama di contesti disciplinari nel quale il Landscape Urbanism ha sviluppato la propria identità multiforme, esiste chi, come Ciro Najle, ne ha fatto emergere i principi metodologici validi per elaborare una teoria architettonica per progetti di sistemi complessi, a prescindere dal proprio registro scalare.
Tale teoria, come si tenta qui di dimostrare, ha radici lontane e trova in Koolhaas uno dei padri fondatori. Ma è la generazione di architetti formatisi negli anni ’90 che ne determina i connotati più autentici, ristabilendo quella continuità tra forma e strategia, tra forma e tecnica, tra forma e produzione che fin dai tempi del Bauhaus ha definito un approccio pedagogico e sociale all’architettura, e ha delineato un “comportamento disciplinante” dell’architetto chiamato a introdurre lo statuto figurativo e formale nel disegno e nell’attuazione di infrastrutture per il territorio.
I progetti mostrati nel libro – alcuni appartenenti al repertorio di ricerche svolte in ambito accademico dall'autrice - raccontano una sintesi tra architettura e paesaggio che travalicando la tradizionale suddivisione disciplinare in ambiti scalari e tipologici, trovano la propria coerenza non solo nelle premesse scientifiche e ideologiche attribuite a tale metodo ma anche nell’adozione di strumenti operativi e nello sviluppo di tecniche formali – come diagrammi e mapping generativi - che rendono la complessità contemporaneamente il dispositivo e l’oggetto della ricerca
Postcards from the underworld. The ash trail from Palermo to Trieste
No full textQuale spazio, ieri e oggi, può meglio rappresentare la molteplicità culturale, etnica e religiosa del Mediterraneo? Quali pratiche rituali hanno accomunato le civiltà religiose del passato e quali potranno accomunare le identità plurali delle società odierne e future, in spasmodica ricerca di nuove forme di spiritualità? Una possibile risposta a queste domande è che l’architettura per la morte, in quanto manifestazione del sacro – inteso in senso laico, come fatto antropologico, anzi bio-logico – da sempre costruisce un’alleanza tra i vivi, spinti dalla comune necessità materiale di eliminare il cadavere e dalla comune necessità simbolica di edificare una dimora eterna per l’anima immortale. Passando attraverso le porte dell’aldilà della protostoria in Sardegna, i Mausolei etruschi, la “città divina” sotterranea a Roma, gli spettacoli macabri nelle Cripte dei Cappuccini, i cimiteri-museo e i cimiteri-parco, rigorosamente extra-muros, nati dopo l’editto napoleonico del 1804, e molte altre architetture per la morte esemplari, la “via delle ceneri da Palermo a Trieste” è un piccolo atlante iconografico, una collezione di cartoline che funge da album di memorie collettive, in cui si mischiano verità e finzione.Which space, yesterday and today, can best represent the cultural, ethnic and religious diversity of the Mediterranean? Which ritual practices have gathered the religious civilisations of the past, and which can gather the plural identities of present and future societies, in a spasmodic search for new forms of spirituality? One possible answer to these questions is that architecture for death, as a manifestation of the sacred – understood in the secular sense, as an anthropological, indeed bio-logical fact – has always built an alliance between the living, driven by the common material need to eliminate the corpse and the common symbolic need to build an eternal home for the immortal soul. Passing through the gates of the afterlife in protohistory in Sardinia, the Etruscan Mausoleums, the underground “divine city” in Rome, the macabre spectacles in the Crypts of the Capuchins, the museum-cemeteries and cemeteries-parks, strictly extra-muros, created after the Napoleonic edict of 1804, and many other exemplary architectures for death, the “ash trail from Palermo to Trieste” is a small iconographic atlas, a collection of postcards that acts as an album of collective memories, mixing truth and fiction
«Llorar en el armario»: la estructura narrativa de la violencia inaparente en Formas de estar lejos de Edurne Portela
No full textMicrostructural, mechanical and thermal characteristics of zirconia-based thermal barrier coatings deposited by plasma spraying
No full textCeramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are potential tools to increase the durability of metal parts operating in turbine engines. In this work, partially yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and lanthanum zirconate (LZ) coatings were deposited by plasma spraying on stainless steel substrates. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that plasma spraying promoted the formation of metastable phases in both the cases. Both YSZ and LZ coatings exhibited porous microstructure with a network of embedded pores and microcracks, that resulted in similar porosity values. The average microhardness of LZ coating was about 92% of that of YSZ one (5.4 against 5.9 GPa), whereas the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of LZ coating was about 86% of that of YSZ one. Based on the results herein discussed the development of multilayered microstructures represents a promising solution in order to develop TBCs with enhanced performance. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l
Della stra-ordinaria architettura delle strade. Principi di rigenerazione dello spazio pubblico a Roma
No full textAddomesticare lo spazio pubblico oggi significa ricercare nelle periferie, nei territori marginali ed esitanti quel materiale emergente, quei meccanismi virtuosi, auto-sostenibili e proliferativi capaci meglio di altri di interpretare e di veicolare i cambiamenti della società. Questo materiale a ben vedere suggerisce non solo pratiche d’uso ma anche organizzazioni dello spazio. Il progetto HiStreet propone per la Roma, su scala territoriale, un paesaggio pubblico-ecologico, non solo per “rimediare”, ma anche e soprattutto per ripristinare o attribuire una leggibilità al disegno urbano e rafforzare le identità locali. Contrariamente a quanto si pensa tale leggibilità non è affidata alla convergenza del linguaggio, ma alla geometria della visione che permette di ristabilire le relazioni tra lo spazio della strada e le sue architetture
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