1,721,351 research outputs found
[Magnetic resonance in the pathologic evaluation of the isolated human brain].
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the interest of MRI of excised human brains before traditional pathological examination. MRI was performed on 40 formalin fixed brain specimen; the brains were placed on tap water in a plastic box, and submitted to standard MRI, 3D FT volume acquisition and multislice SE T1, PD and T2 weighted. The results of 3D FT volume acquisition were used for multiplanar reconstruction of planes according to the direction of anatomical structures. Our experience demonstrate that preliminary MRI of excised brains is possible because it does not alternate the results of following standard pathological examinations; the dissection may be focused on the MRI demonstrated pathology. MRI allows to correlate the results of the pathological examination of a slice with the state of the whole brain. An interesting option is the use of this method for medico-legal purpose
Carcinoma of the prostate: inherited susceptibility, somatic gene defects and androgen receptors
No full textMucinous adenocarcinoma with superficial stromal invasion and villous adenoma of urachal remnants: a case report.
No full textThis report describes a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with superficial stromal invasion and villous adenoma originating in the dome of the urinary bladder. Although no urachal remnants were identified, the location suggested urachal derivation. Only two previous cases of urachal adenocarcinoma with features of early stromal invasion associated with a villous tumour have been described
Molecular techniques and prostate cancer diagnostic.
No full textRecent advances in molecular techniques have given the opportunity to assess genomic and proteomic alterations comprehensively and rapidly in routinely acquired tissue samples. In particular, new markers derived from qualitative and quantitative DNA, RNA, and protein analysis have provided additional objective information to supplant and extend the morphologic interpretations and have been increasingly integrated into the final surgical pathology diagnosis. In this review several recently developed molecular techniques are described and illustrated. The focus is on prostate cancer diagnostics, as an example of their application
Precancerous lesions and conditions of the prostate: from morphological and biological characterization to chemoprevention
No full text
Meningioma: the impact of new techniques for the diagnosis and prognosis
No full textOur knowledge of meningioma has expanded considerably in the last few years. Immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular biology have given an important contribution to this improvement. Meningiomas can have almost endless variations in cellular morphology, architectural patterns and metaplastic changes. The majority of them have no prognostic implications. But a few variants should be recognised because of peculiar clinico-pathologic correlations or biological behavior. Histological features useful in distinguishing benign from potentially aggressive meningiomas have been identified. According to the WHO classification meningiomas are classified as benign (Grade 1), atypical (Grade 2) and anaplastic (Grade 3). Since histological appearance fails to predict accurately the clinical behaviour in a significant percentage of meningiomas, the attention has turned from tumor histology to tumor biology. Proliferative indices can be used, together with other histologic features, in assessing the prognosis as well as the postoperative management of the patients. Karyotyping may be of use to identify a subgroup of patients at higher risk for recurrence who may need special follow-up and treatment. The most consistent chromosome aberration in meningiomas seems to be a monosomy 22. As the karyotype becomes progressively abnormal, the tumor becomes more aggressive. Molecular genetic analysis has shown that TP53 gene mutation may be considered as a marker for malignant transformation in meningioma. P53 immunoreactivity is not always associated with the gene mutation but is not detectable in benign meningiomas
Intrinsic third ventricle craniopharyngiomas with normal pressure hydrocephalus.
No full textTwo observations of intrinsic third ventricle craniopharyngiomas, both involving males in the fifth decade, are reported. Histologically, the tumours, one entirely solid and the other one chiefly cystic, were composed of squamous epithelium with microcysts and no calcifications. In the literature primary third ventricle craniopharyngiomas are considered to be exceedingly rare. However, if a more precise preoperative diagnosis, using computerised axial tomography, were made as a matter of routine, to verify third ventricular masses, it might demonstrate that these tumours are more common than previously believed. In both cases striking clinical pictures of normal pressure hydrocephalus were observed. The relations between intracranial pressure, CSF circulation and ventricular size are discussed. On mechanical grounds, it is very difficult to explain the poastoperative reduction in ventricular size, since there was no significant change in intracranial pressure
Quantitative analysis of changes occurring in muscle vastus lateralis in patients with heart failure after low-intensity training.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To quantitate the changes occurring in muscle vastus lateralis after exercise training of low intensity adopted for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure.
STUDY DESIGN: Nine consecutive males with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent an eight-week period of training. The intensity of the work was calculated as 40% of peak VO2. The program consisted of 30 minutes of cycling three times per week. A cardiopulmonary exercise test, hemodynamic measurements and echocardiographic studies were carried out. Needle biopsies were taken from muscle vastus lateralis before starting and after completing training. Quantitative analysis was carried out on sections stained with ATPase at pH 9.5 for measurement of the lesser diameter of type 1 and 2 fibers (by using an image analyzer) and on UEA 1-stained sections for capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio (by using a frame in the eyepiece of the microscope). The Wilcoxon test was applied to identify significant differences before and after training. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was also calculated to highlight any correlation between the morphologic data and results of clinical tests.
RESULTS: After completing the training program, all the patients experienced an improvement in exercise tolerance and a significant increase (P < .004) in the VO2 and VCO2 peak. Skeletal muscle showed a significant (P < .02) increase in the capillary/fiber ratio. The changes were not significantly correlated with any of the clinical findings.
CONCLUSION: Low-intensity training can improve the functional capacity of patients with heart failure while producing only mild morphologic changes in their muscles
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