1,721,008 research outputs found
Un-Certainty as a Pragmatic Resource for Psychiatric Argumentation: a Diachronical and Diatextual Approach
Full text linkPsychiatry is the science that aims to propose plausible theories in the description and explanation of “body-mind” pathologies. Since also the modern institution of science produces a type of discourse aimed at reducing human insecuritas through a progressive falsification of conjectures on how things are actually, it seems very important to monitor the discursive construction of un-certainty about an extremely elusive object such as the abnormality of psychic functioning. In the light of this, the present paper aims to identify what changes are traceable in the argumentative structure of un-certainty in the psychiatric scientific communication by the British Journal of Psychiatry in its life span as well as how the construction of socially “credible” authorship profiles evolves. The randomly-selected 90 articles from the 160 years of the BJP life cycle were analyzed through various interpretative apparatuses, by practicing both bottom-up and top-down approaches. Indeed, in the perspective of cultural and discursive psychology, un-certainty is a multidimensional discursive construction which is not attributable to the psycho-linguistic level of the utterance in its entirety, but to the meta-pragmatic dimension of enunciation. The identified rhetoric, which collects the groupings of enunciative profiles, sees the researcher evolving between the explorer’s attempts, the investigator’s inquiries and the critical rigor of the technician
Tra rassegnazione e resilienza: la normalizzazione narrativa delle malattie rare 25o Convegno nazionale di psicologia sociale. Book of abstract. Ediz. multilingue
No full textLe modalità di fronteggiamento di una malattia rara rappresentano uno speciale osservatorio delle dinamiche psicosociali con cui gli esseri umani gestiscono quella generale condizione di incertezza che caratterizza la loro esistenza. Dalla diagnosi ai difficili trattamenti terapeutici, si avviano processi che non solo destabilizzano le comuni attese di vita quotidiana delle persone, ma minacciano anche il loro senso di continuità fisica, psicologica e sociale. Il nostro studio esplora le risorse discorsive con cui i malati rari si “normalizzano” (Goldstein & Kenet, 2002; Emiliani, 2010), adattando la loro “disability identity” (Bogart, 2015) al mutato contesto di vita. La nostra ipotesi è che tale percorso di “normalizzazione si configuri in un orizzonte di senso marcato dal contrasto tra le retoriche socio-epistemiche della rassegnazione e della resilienza. Per verificare tale ipotesi abbiamo condotto delle interviste narrative (Athinkson, 2008) con 40 adulti affetti da malattia rara e i loro testi sono stati sottoposti a quattro tipi di analisi: del Contenuto con il software T-LAB (Lancia, 2004), Diatestuale con il Modello SAM (Mininni, 2013), Narrativa con i markers di posizionamento (Davies, Herré, 1990) e Psicostilistica con i markers di mitigazione (Caffi, 2009).
I risultati ottenuti con tale approccio multi-metodo consentono di configurare il percorso di normalizzazione come un alternarsi dinamico tra quattro differenti posizionamenti identitari: il normalizzato, il guerriero, il rassegnato e il solitario che si susseguono nel corso dell’esperienza di malattia e si orientano verso un futuro possibile
Faith and religion as a "resource of meaning" in the care of rare disease
No full textIn the management of both ordinary and extraordinary events, religions act as “systems of meaning” offering cognitive, motivational, affective, as well as narrative resources, helping persons to give order to reality. Indeed, the stories enable to (re)think and (re)build events, in order to give a (new) perspective about life, especially when life is threatened by illness.
Among diseases, rare ones represent a really complicated situation, being both subjective projects and personal/social identity seriously threatened. As a consequence, persons and primary caregivers suffering with it are called to find new ways toward “normalization”, in the effort to construct new certainties and meanings about the personal condition, the family situation and the parental identity.
This work aims at investigating the role of the religiosity in facing with the intense existential uncertainty offered by rare disease. Forty-four narrative interviews were conducted to parents of children suffering of rare disease and analyzed through discourse analysis. Socio-epistemic rhetoric, metaphors, emotional markers, certainty/uncertainty markers are the interpretative lens that allowed us to understand the power of religion to offer several and specific meanings in the couple, fluctuating from a painful upheaval and attitudes of hope
Rhetoric of credibility in texts of denunciation. A psycho-cultural approach
No full textThe present study attempts to integrate studies on autobiographical memory along with a cultural-discursive perspective, to examine the role of psychology in evaluating the "communicative contracts" typical of the judicial context. These "contracts" are indeed complex for the ambivalence of both positioning and enjeu. Through the application of content and discourse analysis to a text of a criminal charge, we emphasized the hermeneutical value of psychology, that offers "lens" through which reality can be read more cautiously: if what is claimed is weak, general and inconsistent, these indications can provide a valid help in evaluating the eyewitness' accuracy, appropriateness and clinical credibility. These elements are proved to be essential for probatory aims in a legal action
Faking and Conspiring about COVID-19: A Discursive Approach
Full text linkIn the more general climate of post-truth - a social trend reflecting a disregard for reliable ways of knowing what is true, mostly acted through massive use of misinformation and rhetoric calling for emotions - an alarming “infodemic” accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting healthy attitudes and behaviors and further lessening trust in science, institutions, and traditional media. Its two main representative items, fake and conspiracy news, have been widely analyzed in psycho-social research, even if scholars mostly acknowledged the cognitive and social dimensions of those items and devoted less attention to their discursive construction. In addition, these works did not directly compare and differentiate fake and conspiracy pathways. In order to address this gap and promote a wider understanding of these matters, a qualitative investigation of an Italian sample of 112 fake and conspiracy news articles, mostly spread during the first two COVID-19 “waves” (from March 2020 to January 2021) was realized. Our sample gathered news specifically coming from social media posts, representing easy and fast channels for viral content diffusion. We analyzed the selected texts by means of Diatextual Analysis and Discursive Action Model models, aimed to (a) offer “in depth” fine-grained analysis of the psycholinguistic and argumentative features of fake and conspiracy news, and (b) differentiate them in line with the classical Aristotle’s rhetoric stances of logos, ethos, and pathos, thus bridging traditional and current lines of thinking. Even though they may share common roots set in the post-truth climate, fake and conspiracy news engage in different rhetoric patterns since they present different enjeu and construct specific epistemic pathways. Implications for health- and digital-literacy are debated
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