237 research outputs found
Protected Culture for Vegetable and Small Fruit Crops: Types of Structures
No full textA protective structure is defined as any structure designed to modify the environment in which plants are grown. Protective structures, such as greenhouses, screen houses, and tunnels, are known worldwide as production systems for high-quality vegetable and fruit crops.
This minor revision by Shinsuke Agehara adds updated information regarding 2015 revisions to the Worker Protection Standards in the last paragraph, and removes one former author no longer affiliated with UF.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1224
Previous version: Santos, Bielinski, Gary Vallad, and Emmanuel Torres-Quezada. 2013. “Protected Culture for Vegetable and Small Fruit Crops: Types of Structures”. EDIS 2013 (7). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/121080
Neoclassical electron transport calculation by using delta f Monte Carlo method
No full textHigh electron temperature plasmas with steep temperature gradient in the core are obtained in recent experiments in the Large Helical Device [ A. Komori et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 58, 1 (2010) ]. Such plasmas are called core electron-root confinement (CERC) and have attracted much attention. In typical CERC plasmas, the radial electric field shows a transition phenomenon from a small negative value (ion root) to a large positive value (electron root) and the radial electric field in helical plasmas are determined dominantly by the ambipolar condition of neoclassical particle flux. To investigate such plasmas' neoclassical transport precisely, the numerical neoclassical transport code, FORTEC-3D [ S. Satake et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. 1, 002 (2006) ], which solves drift kinetic equation based on δf Monte Carlo method and has been applied for ion species so far, is extended to treat electron neoclassical transport. To check the validity of our new FORTEC-3D code, benchmark calculations are carried out with GSRAKE [ C. D. Beidler et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43, 1131 (2001) ] and DCOM/NNW [ A. Wakasa et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1157 (2007) ] codes which calculate neoclassical transport using certain approximations. The benchmark calculation shows a good agreement among FORTEC-3D, GSRAKE and DCOM/NNW codes for a low temperature (Te(0) = 1.0 keV) plasma. It is also confirmed that finite orbit width effect included in FORTEC-3D affects little neoclassical transport even for the low collisionality plasma if the plasma is at the low temperature. However, for a higher temperature (5 keV at the core) plasma, significant difference arises among FORTEC-3D, GSRAKE, and DCOM/NNW. These results show an importance to evaluate electron neoclassical transport by solving the kinetic equation rigorously including effect of finite radial drift for high electron temperature plasmas
Correction to: Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan
No full textThe article Comparison of glycyrrhizin content in 25 major kinds of Kampo extracts containing Glycyrrhizae Radix used clinically in Japan, written by Mitsuhiko Nose, Momoka Tada, Rika Kojima, Kumiko Nagata, Shinsuke Hisaka, Sayaka Masada, Masato Homma and Takashi Hakamatsuka, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 71, issue 4, page 711–722 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2018 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</jats:p
Study of Finite-Orbit-Width Effect on Neoclassical Transport in Tokamak Core Region
No full textNeoclassical transport simulation using the δ f Monte-Carlo method is carried out to investigate the finite-orbitwidth (FOW) effect on the transport near the magnetic axis. The time evolution of the radial electric field to maintain the ambipolarity of the flux is calculated simultaneously. It is found that, in the near-axis region, the ion heat flux decreases from the value predicted by the standard neoclassical theory both in the banana and plateau regimes. Though the radial transport shows a strong dependence on the FOW effect, the ambipolar electric field profile at the steady state is similar to that calculated in the small-orbit-width limit approximation.journal articl
Evaluation of Impacts of Driving Forces on Neoclassical Transport with Weight-Splitting Method
No full text0000-0003-0969-1170Neoclassical transport is caused by the non-equilibrium distribution function produced by the driving forces due to quasi-steady but non-uniform plasma state parameters and electromagnetic fields as well as by the Coulomb interactions. In this article, we present a method to evaluate the impact of each driving force on neoclassical transport by a single global drift-kinetic simulation. This method can be used to evaluate the impacts of each driving force not only in one-dimensional forms as transport coefficients, but also in multidimensional forms as how the impacts of each driving force are distributed over the phase space. As an application of the method, we investigate the impacts of each driving force on particle density variations in an impurity hole plasma and demonstrate that the impact of the outward driving force of the temperature gradient on the radial impurity flux becomes as large as the impact of the inward driving force of the negative ambipolar radial electric field. Further, we show that the variation of electrostatic potential on each flux surface, Φ1, which is involved in several factors in a drift-kinetic equation, affects the density variations specifically through the radial E × B drift
Evaluation of Impacts of Driving Forces on Neoclassical Transport with Weight-Splitting Method
No full text0000-0003-0969-1170Neoclassical transport is caused by the non-equilibrium distribution function produced by the driving forces due to quasi-steady but non-uniform plasma state parameters and electromagnetic fields as well as by the Coulomb interactions. In this article, we present a method to evaluate the impact of each driving force on neoclassical transport by a single global drift-kinetic simulation. This method can be used to evaluate the impacts of each driving force not only in one-dimensional forms as transport coefficients, but also in multidimensional forms as how the impacts of each driving force are distributed over the phase space. As an application of the method, we investigate the impacts of each driving force on particle density variations in an impurity hole plasma and demonstrate that the impact of the outward driving force of the temperature gradient on the radial impurity flux becomes as large as the impact of the inward driving force of the negative ambipolar radial electric field. Further, we show that the variation of electrostatic potential on each flux surface, Φ1, which is involved in several factors in a drift-kinetic equation, affects the density variations specifically through the radial E × B drift.journal articl
Study of Finite-Orbit-Width Effect on Neoclassical Transport in Tokamak Core Region
No full textNeoclassical transport simulation using the δ f Monte-Carlo method is carried out to investigate the finite-orbitwidth (FOW) effect on the transport near the magnetic axis. The time evolution of the radial electric field to maintain the ambipolarity of the flux is calculated simultaneously. It is found that, in the near-axis region, the ion heat flux decreases from the value predicted by the standard neoclassical theory both in the banana and plateau regimes. Though the radial transport shows a strong dependence on the FOW effect, the ambipolar electric field profile at the steady state is similar to that calculated in the small-orbit-width limit approximation
Integrating Solar Heating into an Air Handling Unit to Minimize Energy Consumption
No full textThe purpose of this project was to test a method of integrating solar heating with a small commercial air handling unit (AHU). In order to accomplish this a heat exchanger was placed in the reheat position of the AHU and piped to the solar heating system. This heat exchanger is used to supplement or replace the existing electric reheat. This method was chosen for its ability to utilize solar energy on a more year round basis when compared to a traditional heating system. It allows solar heating to be used for direct heating during winter and for reheating in hot humid summer weather.
Data was taken for seven days without the solar reheat coil (SRC) in place and for eleven days with the SRC in place. For this project two similar days (one with the SRC and one without) were compared and contrasted to determine the feasibility of a solar reheat system. The results have shown that the SRC reduced the electric consumption in the electric reheat coil. There were two main indicators of the energy reduction. First, energy consumption of the electric heater relative to the total energy consumed fell from 33% to 16% with the use of the SRC over a 12-hour period. Secondly, on September 5, 2009 the solar reheat coil saved almost 10 kWh, over 25% of the heater energy required for 24 hour operation.
This project has resulted in a working prototype for solar powered reheat. With a few modifications this system will prove useful in future research. With solar assisted reheat being one of only a few acceptable forms of reheat for ASHRAE 90.1 (2007), interest in this topic will continue to grow and further research will be necessary. Therefore, this project has put Purdue University and the Applied Energy Laboratory (AEL) in a position to be a frontrunner in the up and coming field of solar assisted reheat research
<Articles>Malaysian Evolution of "Mudaraba Consensus": Challenges for the Islamic Capital Market
No full textThe Malaysian practice of Islamic finance has greatly contributed to the rapid growth of the industry in the first decade of the twenty-first century and so the term ‘Malaysia' is widely recognized as symbolizing the development of Islamic finance. However, this term is also mentioned negatively in criticisms of the current practices. The critics, known as the "Mudaraba Consensus School", who aspire to the ideals of Islamic economics and finance, have used the term of "Malaysia" to allegedly symbolize the prevalence of "bad" practices in the industry. This study focuses on the development of the Islamic capital market in Malaysia and explains how Malaysia has responded to the criticism from the "Mudaraba Consensus School". From the analysis, it can be observed that the Malaysian Islamic capital market has positively addressed this criticism by involving the consensus. Specifically, it has initiated the following three measures: 1) "equitization" of debt-based financial products as a direct response, 2) diversification of asset classes in the Islamic capital market, and 3) visualization of Sharia-compliant corporate assets which have a great potential to universalize the consensus. Such challenges by the Malaysian Islamic capital market pave the way for bridging the dichotomy between theory and practice in Islamic economics and finance. They also provide an alternative development blueprint for future Islamic economics and finance, which is different from that proposed by what the author refers to as the "New Horizon‘s' in Islamic Economics and Finance
Development of a Non-Local Neoclassical Transport Code for Helical Configurations
No full textThe progress in a 3-dimensional, non-local neoclassical transport simulation code “FORTEC-3D” is described. The main purpose of the code is to solve the drift-kinetic equation in general a 3-dimensional configuration using the δf Monte Carlo method, and to calculate neoclassical fluxes and the time evolution of the ambipolar radial electric field simultaneously. This article explains new numerical schemes adopted in FORTEC-3D in order to overcome numerical problems, which happen especially in the cases where the bifurcation of radial electric field occurs. Examples of test simulation for an LHD magnetic field configuration with a bifurcated electric field are also shown. With improved numerical schemes, FORTEC-3D can calculate neoclassical fluxes and trace the time evolution stably for several ion collision times, which is sufficiently long to observe GAM damping and formation of the ambipolar electric field.journal articl
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