1,721,170 research outputs found
Dermal risk assessment in Occupational Medicine [La stima del rischio cutaneo in medicina del lavoro]
No full textThe importance of dermal exposure has increased during the last few years mainly because of the reduction of respiratory exposure to toxicants. Pesticides, aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be the chemicals with highest dermal risk. In the occupational exposure limit lists of the ACGIH and of many countries compounds that can be absorbed through the skin are identified by a skin notation. Usually the skin notation indicates that the percutaneous absorption of the chemical can contribute to the body burden. However, a generally accepted criterion for assigning skin notation does not exist. When it is possible to make standardized measurements of dermal exposure, it will be possible to develop Dermal Occupational Exposure Limits (DOEL) with which such measurements can be compared to enable a regulatory approach in the risk assessment field. However, the recent attempts to develop health-based DOELs have not been accepted, thus in practice their use has been limited
Patologie da sovraccarico biomeccanico dell’arto superiore: utilizzo di esami strumentali nelle sindromi da intrappolamento
No full textIn search of "lost occupational tumors" [Alla ricerca dei “tumori professionali perduti”]
No full textCriteria for the assignment of skin notation: An international perspective [Criteri di assegnazione della skin notation in una prospettiva internazionale]
No full textFrom the list of occupational exposure limits, skin notation (Sk) identifies chemicals that can be considered to be hazards through the skin. Hazard identification should be determined by the toxicity and dermal uptake of the compound. Obviously, exposure has to be assessed in any different working situation, while hazard identification can be considered as general information. At the moment there is no general agreement on the criteria of Sk assignment. In this process, dermal uptake seems to be systematically ignored, so hazard identification is based only on toxicological data. Recently, in the EDETOX project supported by the Fifth Framework Programme of EC (QLRT-2000-00196), a skin notation system was proposed where the degree of hazard is determined by two different types of information on the specific chemical: a) percutaneous penetration and b) toxicity. A new algorithm has been suggested for calculating a semi-quantitative skin notation
Dermal exposure assessment in Occupational Medicine
No full textThe importance of dermal exposure has increased during the last few years, mainly because of the reduction of respiratory exposure to toxicants. Pesticides, aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be the chemicals at highest dermal risk. In the occupational exposure limit lists of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and of many countries, compounds that can be absorbed through the skin are identified by a skin notation. However, a generally accepted criterion for assigning skin notation does not exist. The recent attempts to develop health‐based dermal occupational exposure limits (DOELs) have not been accepted, thus in practice their use has remained limited. To predict the systemic risk associated with dermal exposure and to enable agencies to set safety standards, penetration data are needed. Moreover, there is a need for a practical risk assessment model, particularly for small and medium‐sized enterprises
Chemical resistence of latex gloves [Efficacia protettiva dei guanti di latice nei confronti degli agenti chimici]
No full textDermal chemical risk is represented by the chemicals with irritant, caustic and sensitization properties or that can produce toxic effects after penetration through the skin. During the last few years the interest for the effective protecting ability of gloves progressively is increased in parallel with their use. Penetration of chemicals through the protecting material does not always turn out visible. That has led to the development of test standardizes. In 1989 the EC adopted two Directives in the field of the characteristics of protection devices defining certification procedures (89/686/EEC) and characteristics demanded for the use of protection devices at the workplace (89/656/EEC). When the European Standards are accepted from the CEN they exist in rough draft shape (prEN), losing the prefixed one pr- when they are approved by all the EC member Countries. A number of ENfor protection gloves have been proposed by CEN/TC162 regarding methods for testing the resistance to penetration/permeation of chemicals and other characteristics. However in these protocols some limitations were found, since not necessarily they represent the real using conditions. In general an ideal protecting material against the chemicals does not exist because what is effective to a specific compound does not effectively protect from an other. Latex is not commonly considered a very chemical resistant material and therefore its use in such sense is limited. However the low cost and the spread of latex gloves in particular in Public Health often make them easy available at workplace and therefore used in several situations
La promozione della salute negli ambienti di lavoro
No full textWORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION. In the last few
years the passage of public opinion from a passive to an active
role in the field of prevention is something entirely new that has
greatly increased the demands addressed to the whole prevention
system. On this basis the preventive action in the workplace
should be strongly promoted both as occupational risks
prevention, both as initiatives aimed at promoting, protecting
and maintaining workers health. One of the best strategies for
prevention is represented by improving individual behaviours
that determine the so-called lifestyle. Integration of occupational
health practices with health promotion in the workplace can
increase the effectiveness of health protection of workers as a
whole. The two top priorities in the field of health promotion in
the workplace are represented by tobacco smoking and alcohol
abuse. Other priorities are the prevention of cardiovascular
diseases and cancer
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