1,721,066 research outputs found
Approccio interdisciplinare alla gestione del rischio stress lavoro-correlato: una prospettiva psicofisiologica
No full textNel loro articolo bersaglio, Balducci e Fraccaroli forniscono una trattazione esaustiva – per quanto necessariamente vincolata alle prospettive della Psicologia del Lavoro – della complessità del fenomeno
rappresentato dallo stress lavoro-correlato. Gli autori mettono in evidenza come tale fenomeno sia cambiato negli ultimi anni e quali miglioramenti debbano essere considerati relativamente ai metodi di
valutazione e prevenzione del rischio ad esso associato. Concordando con gli autori nell’enfatizzare il contributo centrale fornito dalla Psicologia, il commento che segue vuole integrare la trattazione offerta
con la prospettiva della Psicofisiologia (ad es. Stegagno, 1986), di particolare rilevanza per cogliere la complessità di un fenomeno «psicofisiologico» per definizione, quale è lo stress. L’articolo sarà quindi
commentato alla luce di alcune delle evidenze e dei modelli più consolidati o più recenti nell’ambito della Psicofisiologia dello stress, evidenziando gli aspetti di maggiore coerenza, le possibilità di integrazione
e le eventuali incongruenze
Rischiare in sicurezza: La conduttanza cutanea come marcatore somatico del rischio alla guida in ambiente virtuale.
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Food processing and emotion regulation in vegetarians and omnivores: An event-related potential investigation
No full textThe present study investigated cognitive reappraisal during exposure to vegetarian and nonvegetarian food cues in food-deprived vegetarian and omnivore participants. In particular, we were interested in clarifying the motivational meaning of the foods that vegetarians avoid, as revealed by self-reported food craving, valence, and arousal, as well as by ERP measures of neural processing during passive viewing and emotional regulation. Twenty-four vegetarians and twenty-one omnivores were instructed to either passively look at the pictures (Watch) or to change the appetitive value of the food (Increase or Decrease). In vegetarians, meat and fish dishes elicited lower desire to eat, pleasantness, and arousal during each condition as compared to both omnivores and vegetarian food. In contrast with the subjective data, no group differences were observed in any of the ERP measures, suggesting that similar neural processing of food-cues occurred in vegetarians and omnivores both during passive viewing and cognitive reappraisal. Concerning the late ERP effects during cognitive reappraisal, we found an enhancement of the P300 and LPP amplitudes during the Increase and the Decrease as compared to the Watch condition and a reduction of the SW amplitude in the Decrease as compared to Watch condition. These results suggest that in a food deprivation condition it is difficult to reduce the appetitive value of food stimuli, as this cognitive strategy appears to require greater effort and a longer time to be implemented with respect to up-regulation. Overall, our findings suggest that, in vegetarians, aversion towards nonvegetarian food prevails at the subjective level and is consistent with their personal beliefs. In contrast, at the neural level, the intrinsic motivational salience of this type of food is preserved
L’orientamento dell’attenzione mediato dallo sguardo in soggetti con fobia specifica: il ruolo dell’espressione facciale
No full textSleeping over moral dilemmas modulates utilitarian decision-making
Full text linkMoral decision-making depends on the interaction between emotional and cognitive control processes, which are also affected by sleep. Here we aimed to assess the potential role of sleep in the modulation of moral decisions over time by testing the change in behavioral responses to moral dilemmas over time (1 week). Thirty-five young adults were tested twice, with one week between the sessions. In each session, participants were presented with 24 sacrificial (12 Footbridge- and 12 Trolley-type) and 6 everyday-type moral dilemmas. In sacrificial dilemmas, participants had to choose whether or not to kill one person to save more people (utilitarian choice), to judge how morally acceptable the proposed solution was, and how they felt in terms of valence and arousal during the decision. In everyday-type dilemmas, they had to decide whether to pursuit moral violations involving dishonest behavior. Between the sessions, the participants’ sleep pattern was assessed via actigraphy. We observed that participants reduced the utilitarian choices in the second session, and this effect was more pronounced for the Trolley-type dilemmas. We also showed that after a week participants judged the utilitarian choices as less morally acceptable, but there was no change in self-reported emotional reactivity (i.e., valence, and arousal). Moreover, sleep efficiency was mildly negatively associated with the changes in decision choices and moral acceptability for the Footbridge-type dilemmas. Taken together, our data suggest that dealing with a moral situation engages several interacting factors that seem to go beyond the competing roles of cognitive and emotional processes
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