1,721,358 research outputs found
Tributyrin differentially regulates inflammatory markers and modulates goblet cells number along the intestinal tract segments of weaning pigs
Full text linkButyric acid is widely used in pig production as feed additive to improve growth performance at weaning, based
on its intestinal health-promoting action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal architecture and
expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions (TJ) markers in weaning piglets fed with tributyrin,
either free or microencapsulated, as dietary source of butyric acid. One hundred and eight weaned piglets were
divided into pens (4 piglets/pen, n = 9) and received either a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented
with tributyrin at 1750 mg/kg (f-TB) or its encapsulated form (m-TB) at 3800 mg/kg (providing 1750 mg/kg of
tributyrin equally to f-TB). Growth performance was recorded until d21 when 7 pigs/group were euthanized to
collect intestinal samples (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon) for histomorphology, cytokines, and TJ markers
gene expression analysis. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA. Growth performance was not affected.
Compared with control pigs, m-TB pigs tended to induce deeper crypts in the duodenum (P = 0.09); goblet cell
number tended to be reduced by f-TB treatment in duodenum villi (P=0.09), by both f-TB and m-TB treatments
in ileum villi (P = 0.06), and by m-TB treatment in colon crypts (P = 0.08). Compared with control animals, f-
TB pigs showed higher tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in duodenum (trend with P = 0.06), and
higher interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the jejunum (P = 0.04), whereas in the colon m-TB pigs tended to down regulate
IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Claudin-1 mRNA in the jejunum was reduced in m-TB group compared to control group
(P=0.05). Occludin mRNA in the ileum was reduced in both groups treated with tributyrin compared to control
group (P < 0.01). In the colon occludin mRNA was downregulated both in f-TB and m-TB pigs compared to
control pigs (P < 0.05).
Overall, the supplementation of tributyrin in the diet reduced the mucous-secreting goblet cells in a tractspecific
way and modulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and TJ components along the intestinal
tract of weaning piglets, without any negative effect on growth performance
Determinazione immunoistochimica e western blot della caderina “E” nei tumori mammari della cagna
No full textTwenty-nine canine mammary samples (5 normal mammary glands, 3 atypical ductal hyperplasia, 8 benign and 13 malignant tumors) were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western Blot (WB) for E-cadherin. Both methods revealed a reduction of protein expression as the most important finding. A significant reduction of expression was revealed in dysplastic as well in benign and malignant neoplastic samples. The two methods revealed a significant correlation and absence of IHC false negative evaluation when the data of WB were corrected for the amounts of epithelial cells of the sample
Iperplasia cistica della cistifellea in un cane
No full textNel corso degli anni diversi autori hanno documentato l’esistenza di un’alterazione della cistifellea nel cane comunemente identificata con il nome di iperplasia cistica. Il caso che riportiamo in questo
lavoro si riferisce ad un cane giunto nell’ottobre 2005 presso il servizio di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria del DSPVPA di Bologna. L’animale, un meticcio femmina di 11 anni, proveniva dal
Dipartimento Clinico Veterinario, sezione Medicina Interna di Bologna. I proprietari riferivano anoressia, costipazione e scialorrea; l’esame obbiettivo generale riportava un marcato abbattimento del sensorio, ittero di cute, sottocute e mucose apparenti, temperatura di 35,3 °C. E’ stata eseguita l’eutanasia. La necroscopia ha confermato la colorazione itterica di cute, sottocute, piani connettivali e sclere e la diagnosi è stata di ittero da colestasi extaepatica a causa di una impossibilità di dimostrare la pervietà del coledoco. La bile presente era molto densa mentre nessuna alterazione macroscopica era apprezzabile sulla superficie mucosa. L’esame istologico ha evidenziato alterazioni della cistifellea
riferibili ad una iperplasia cistica dell’epitelio della mucosa con coinvolgimento anche dell’epitelio del dotto coledoco che presentava la stessa lesione fino allo sbocco nell’intestino a livello di papilla duodenale. A differenza della maggior parte dei casi descritti in letteratura in cui l’iperplasia cistica della cistifellea non determina la comparsa di una sintomatologia clinica evidente, il caso che riportiamo risulta peculiare poiché tale patologia è stata responsabile di una sindrome itterica postepatica e, come tale, dovrebbe essere inclusa nelle diagnosi differenziali di ittero da colestasi nel cane
Clinical experiences with intranasal esketamine for major depressive disorder resistant to treatment and with a psychiatric emergency. case presentations
No full textRecently, esketamine became availableas an intranasal formulation, proposed for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Three cases of TRD are presented, two with features of a psychiatric emergency. The first case is a 35-year-old man with MDD onset at the age of 27 years, with five previous failed therapies. The second patient is a middle-aged man with a 21-year MDD onset and six previous antidepressant treatments discontinued for poor therapeutic effects and tolerability. He also presented suicidal ideation with intent and a history of a failed suicide attempt by self-cutting his forearms. The third case is a 28-year-old female with a first MDD episode in 2020, treated first with amitriptyline and then with intravenous clomipramine. She had a history of a previous suicide attempt by self-cutting and, by her admission, showed active suicidal ideation with intent. In all three cases, a rapid reduction of depressive symptoms was observed with a subsequent complete resolution of suicidal ideation and intent in the two patients with such risk. Intranasal esketamine treatment was carried out with concomitant oral antidepressant therapy. The third patient reported the only recorded side effect: dissociation 20 min after every esketamine administration. Our preliminary experience proved esketamine's effectiveness on TRD symptoms and successful outcomes in psychiatric emergencies such as suicide risk
Valutazione della sensibilità di Doctor fish (Garra rufa) al trattamento con disinfettanti
No full textSUMMARY - In fish therapy it is essential to ensure optimum hygiene conditions while preserving animal
welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of Doctor fish (Garra rufa) towards two disinfectant
molecules, chloramine T and peracetic acid. The animals have been subjected to increasing treatments/day for
the duration of one week with two different concentrations for each disinfectant. The assessment of sensitivity was
done by behavioral observation and by histomorphological and morphometrical analysis on skin and gills. The
subjects showed signs of stress at the end of the treatment for both molecules and concentrations tested.
Histological sections have not shown any changes; it has been noted a statistically significant increase of mucous
cells in animals treated with peracetic acid and a decrease of club cells in animals treated with low dose
chloramine T and high dose peracetic acid. Animals showed overall good tolerability to the two disinfectant
molecules tested
Patologia delle neoplasie mammarie della cagna e della gatta: stato dell’arte.
No full textQuesto articolo espone le maggiori novità in merito all’oncologia istopatologica mammaria veterinaria prontamente applicabili alla diagnostica dei tumori mammari nel cane e nel gatto, concentrandosi in particolare su quelle acquisizioni utili nella pratica clinica. Verranno descritti gli aggiornamenti riguardanti la classificazione istologica morfologica, i nuovi metodi proposti per il grading istologico dei carcinomi della cagna e della gatta e, infine, le ultime acquisizioni riguardanti l’applicazione del sistema di classificazione fenotipica su base molecolare, già convalidato per il cancro al seno
Un caso di cefalotoracopagia (Octopus biaritus) nell’agnello.
No full textLa cefalotoracopagia è una rara forma di mostruosità doppia, in cui i gemelli si presentano congiunti a livello di testa, collo e torace; colonna vertebrale, arti e pelvi sono invece separati e gli organi interni possono presentare gradi variabili di duplicazione. Il caso presentato riguarda un agnello maschio nato morto, che presentava una testa apparentemente normoconformata (una sola faccia) ma con cranioschisi e palatoschisi, un collo, due toraci
fusi, due colonne vertebrali, due addomi, otto arti e due code (cefalotoracopago deradelfo). Gli organi interni erano rappresentati da un cuore, quattro polmoni, un condotto tracheo-esofageo abortivo, un fegato, due tubi gastrointestinali completi, due milze, quattro testicoli, quattro reni e due vesciche. Il caso viene confrontato con mostruosità simili archiviate nel nostro museo di Patologia e Teratologia Veterinaria dal 1800
Heat shock protein expression in canine malignant mammary tumours
No full textBACKGROUND: Abnormal levels of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have been observed in many human neoplasms including breast cancer and it has been demonstrated that they have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this study, we evaluated immunohistochemical expression of HSPs in normal and neoplastic canine mammary glands and confronted these results with overall survival (OS), in order to understand the role of HSPs in carcinogenesis and to establish their potential prognostic and/or therapeutic value.METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp27, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 was evaluated in 3 normal canine mammary glands and 30 malignant mammary tumours (10 in situ carcinomas, 10 invasive carcinomas limited to local structures without identifiable invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels, 10 carcinomas with invasion of blood or lymphatic vessels and/or metastases to regional lymph nodes). A semi-quantitative method was used for the analysis of the results.RESULTS: Widespread constitutive expression of Hsp73 and Hsp90 was detected in normal tissue, Hsp72 appeared to be focally distributed and Hsp27 showed a negative to rare weak immunostaining. In mammary tumours, a significant increase in Hsp27 (P < 0.01), Hsp72 (P < 0.05) and Hsp90 (P < 0.01) expression was observed as well as a significant reduction in Hsp73 (P < 0.01) immunoreactivity compared to normal mammary gland tissue. Hsp27 demonstrated a strong positivity in infiltrating tumour cells and metaplastic squamous elements of invasive groups. High Hsp27 expression also appeared to be significantly correlated to a shorter OS (P = 0.00087). Intense immunolabelling of Hsp72 and Hsp73 was frequently detected in infiltrative or inflammatory tumour areas. Hsp90 expression was high in all tumours and, like Hsp73, it also showed an intense positivity in lymphatic emboli.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Hsp27, Hsp72 and Hsp90 are involved in canine mammary gland carcinogenesis. In addition, Hsp27 appears to be implicated in tumour invasiveness and its high immunodetection in invasive tumours is indicative of a poorer clinical outcome.[...
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