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Suitability Of 3D Dense Models For Rapid Mapping Strategies On Cultural Heritage Documentation And Conservation. Validation of metric and non-metric information extraction from integrated solutions.
Get PDFThis dissertation deals with the suitability of digital models for the 3D documentation of built heritage (BH), in terms of its resolution, measure and representation regarding the building’s morphology and state of conservation. Specifically, the research enquires into the 3D models’ consistency and validation, generated by new methodological developments of geomatics-integrated techniques for obtaining geospatial data, by means of rapid mapping solutions in 3D survey, generally with low-cost approaches, to obtain metric and non-metric definition of the historical structures. Starting from the bounding of the concept of user-oriented models in the reality-based modelling issues at the first part of the dissertation, the documentation of cultural heritage (CH) in critical contexts is defined as investigation workspace. The established workflows of the digital metric survey based on range-based and image-based sensors are analyzed in the second part, and the possible integrated acquisition and processing phases on the point clouds data treatment for the surface model definition are proposed and validated. The assessment issues are weighted on employed techniques, well-established and more innovative, and on the initially introduced requirements about scale accuracy and achievable details.
The aim of this research is thus to focus on the 3D model features and their confidence levels to define and classify the extracted multi-scale geometric and radiometric information that can be useful to be addressed toward interdisciplinary interventions on the state of conservation, on the damage mapping and assessment around cultural heritage assets. This content is bound around the 3D model, according to a multi-parameter framework that wants to cover the overall validation attributes, such as: operational efficiency or the practicality and sustainability of data achievement; reliability or the confidence level of the metric contents on the model; contents or the richness of the embedded data; completeness or the comprehensiveness of gatherable information.
The extensive testing, addressed in the fourth part of the discussion, is based on a set of examples regarding the analyzed BH typologies located in the different urban and landscape contexts, featured by increasing levels of critical issues. It aims is the supporting the comparative multi-parameter evaluation and validation in the central part of the dissertation. Herein, the validation of 3D models is proposed from integrated workflows which take into account consolidated approaches (like terrestrial laser scanning or close-range photogrammetry) flanked by rapid mapping strategies with the employment of alternative techniques (such as the UAV photogrammetry, in the nadir and oblique configurations, and the portable Mobile Mapping Systems). The information richness, according to a 3D integration perspective, demonstrates across the dataset presentation and the final discussion, the promising and flexible ability of documenting the morphology and material characterization of complex historical structures, even proving their aptitude to support the mapping of structures consistence and conservation in case of emergency and damage assessment
Optimization of Three-Dimensional (3D) Multi-Sensor Models For Damage Assessment in Emergency Context: Rapid Mapping Experiences in the 2016 Italian Earthquake
Get PDFGeomatics techniques offer the chance to manage very cost-effective
solutions for three-dimensional (3D) modelling, from both the aerial and
terrestrial point of view, with the help of range and image-based sensors. 3D
spatial data that is based on integrated documentation techniques, featured by a
very high-scale and an accurate metric and radiometric information nowadays
are proposed here as metric databases that are applicable for assisting the
operative fieldwork in the case of rapid mapping strategies. In sudden emergency
contexts for damage and risk assessment, the structural consolidation and the
security measures operations meet the problem of the danger and accessibility
constraints of areas, for the operators, as well as to the tight deadlines needs in
first aid. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with cameras
are more and more involved in aerial survey and reconnaissance missions; at the
same time, the ZEB1 portable Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) mapping
solution implemented in handle tools helped by Simultaneous Localization And
Mapping (SLAM) algorithms can help for a quick preliminary survey. Both of
these approaches that are presented here in the critical context of a post-seismic
event, which is Pescara del Tronto (AP), deeply affected by the 2016-2017
earthquake in Central Italy. The Geomatics research group and the Disaster
Recovery team (DIRECT—http://areeweb.polito.it/direct/) is working in
collaboration with the Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) group of the
Italian Firefighter
Le scuole come infrastruttura territoriale
Get PDFIl progetto Re-school nasce dalla collaborazione tra Fondazione Agnelli e il Future Urban Legacy Lab del
Politecnico di Torino con un obiettivo preciso: offrire strumenti per la rigenerazione del patrimonio edilizio
della scuola italiana affrontando i temi della sicurezza, dell’ambiente e dell’innovazione didattica. I circa 40.000
edifici che costituiscono l’infrastruttura scolastica italiana sono un’eredità stratificata e capillarmente diffusa
sul territorio nazionale, che richiede un ripensamento anche alla luce dei cambiamenti sociali, demografici e
pedagogici degli ultimi decenni.
In questa pubblicazione vengono riassunti i primi passi del gruppo di ricerca e si propone un metodo di lavoro per esplorare il potenziale di trasformazione del patrimonio dell’edilizia scolastica in Italia.
Il quinto capitolo si concentra sulla scala territoriale: misurazioni a scala regionale attraverso il caso studio
piemontese permettono di contestualizzare e descrivere, tramite proiezioni e indicatori sintetici, le potenzialità degli edifici in relazione alle geografie di cui fanno parte
Point clouds by SLAM-based mobile mapping systems: accuracy and geometric content validation in multisensor survey and stand-alone acquisition
Get PDFThe paper provides some operative replies to evaluate the effectiveness and the critical issues of the simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM)-based mobile mapping system (MMS) called ZEB by GeoSLAMTM https://geoslam.com/technology/. In these last years, this type of handheld 3D mapping technology has increasingly developed the framework of portable solutions for close-range mapping systems that have mainly been devoted to mapping the indoor building spaces of enclosed or underground environments, such as forestry applications and tunnels or mines. The research introduces a set of test datasets related to the documentation of landscape contexts or the 3D modelling of architectural complexes. These datasets are used to validate the accuracy and informative content richness about ZEB point clouds in stand-alone solutions and in cases of combined applications of this technology with multisensor survey approaches. In detail, the proposed validation method follows the fulfilment of the endorsed approach by use of root mean square error (RMSE) evaluation and deviation analysis assessment of point clouds between SLAM-based data and 3D point cloud surfaces computed by more precise measurement methods to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach. Furthermore, this study specifies the suitable scale for possible handlings about these peculiar point clouds and uses the profile extraction method in addition to feature analyses such as corner and plane deviation analysis of architectural elements. Finally, because of the experiences reported in the literature and performed in this work, a possible reversal is suggested. If in the 2000s, most studies focused on intelligently reducing the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds where they presented redundant and not useful information, contrariwise, in this sense, the use of MMS methods is proposed to be firstly considered and then to increase the information only wherever needed with more accurate high-scale methods
Quick mapping by mobile sensors for landscape values monitoring and conservation
Get PDFGeomatics researches, applied to architecture and landscape, are becoming increasingly focused on development of innovation in survey techniques and digital data management. Quick techniques
are sought, with a high level of automation and versatility, to support knowledge management and protection of cultural heritage, be it referred to artistic and architectural heritage or, overall, to whole varied landscape assets, in so such highest density in the country as to consider Heritage itself.
The investigation and conservation initiatives in the field of landscape heritage must constantly deal with many conditions of risk exposure, and that is not always possible to make up with preventive protection, whether if it is a constant risk like that intrinsic to the status of the property, or sudden and unforeseen
risks, or if it is only partially predictable, determined by an environmental emergency.
In these test-sites, which have a typical vulnerability resulting from their intrinsic conditions of exposure to risk, is interesting to experiment and combine technological research with the public interest for the protection and preservation of the value of the asset. This paper is intended for the testing of systems for
the expeditious acquisition of spatial data in a outstanding test site, an area of the Cinque Terre, devastated by the flood of autumn 2011
HYBRID GIS-BIM APPROACH FOR THE TORINO DIGITAL-TWIN: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A FLOOR-LEVEL 3D CITY GEODATABASE
Get PDFThe research tries to present a preliminary work into geo-spatial management of public administration assets thanks to interoperability of BIM-GIS models, related to urban scale scenarios. The strategy proposed tries to deepen the management, conversion and integration of databases related to public assets and particularly schools building, and related them into city-related geo-databases. The methodology, based on the real scenario of Torino Municipality and their needs addressed in recent studies in collaboration with FULL – Future Urban Legacy Lab from Politecnico di Torino, take advantage from the availability of two test dataset at different scale, with different potential and bottlenecks. The idea of developing a 3D digital twin of Torino actually stop long before the 3D city modelling only, but rather we have to deal with the integration and harmonization of existing databases. These data collections are often coming from different updating and based on non-homogeneous languages and data models. The data are often in table format and managed by different offices and as many management systems. Moreover, recently public administrations as the one of Torino, have increase availability of BIM models, especially for public assets, which need to be known, archived, and localized in a geographic dimension in order to benefit from the real strategic potential of a spatial-enabled facility management platform as Digital Twin. Combining the use of parametric modeler software (Revit) and visual programming language (Dynamo), the proposed methodology tries to elaborate rules on a set of shared language parameters (characterizing the buildings as attributes in both datasets: ID; address; construction; floors; rooms dimensions, use, floor; height; glass surfaces). This is tested as conversion workflow between the Municipality DB and the BIM model. This solution firstly allows the interaction and query between models, and then it proposes open issues once the enriched BIM model is imported into the geographical dimension of the Torino 3D city model Digital Twin (ArcGIS Pro platform), according to LOD standards, and enriched with semantic components from municipality D
MULTI-TEMPORAL IMAGES AND 3D DENSE MODELS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE MONITORING IN HIERAPOLIS OF PHRYGIA (TR)
Get PDFThe archaeological areas are one of the fields in which the contribution of image-base and range-based Geomatics techniques were employed since
long time and are now getting popular (Hadjimitsis et al. 2009; Campana 2017). In recent times, Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), together with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) survey systems become more and more interesting to be studied in excavations sites for monitoring purposes and solving high detail data and large scale and comprehensive mapping matters both from terrestrial and aerial point of view. 3D information derived from different acquisition campaign and different sensors too, belonging to the same spatial system, can be integrated and create a multi-temporal and multi-scale database (Remondino, Rizzi 2010; Kersten, Lindstaedt 2012; Moussa, Abdel-Wahab, Fritsch 2012; Chiabrando et al. 2016; Farella et al. 2016).
The contribution of multi-sensor acquisitions, as it is known from increasing scientific experiences, offers by now to archaeological studies the possibility to obtain a multi-temporal view of the site with restricted time windows, but it is interesting considering also the possibility of a valuable integration and contribution of older image-based documentation, already stored in archives.
In a complex archaeological area as the one of Hierapolis of Phrygia in Pamukkale (TR), a very interesting site investigated since several tens of years
by the MAIER – Italian Archaeological Mission of Hierapolis, the impressive excavations have required extensive and accurate large-scale survey and documentation projects. This paper will also show the evolution over time of 3D survey methods. In particular, the presented experiences regarding the documentation campaigns by Politecnico di Torino and Geomatics group concern many multi-temporal datasets that have been acquired by different subsequent campaigns in 1997, 1998, 2007, 2012, 2015, by employing various sensors following the evolution of the acquisition techniques offers by geomatics in the archaeological field surveys
A new indoor LiDAR-based MMS challenging complex architectural environments
Get PDFThe use of moving devices equipped with range- and image-based sensor, generically defined Mobile Mapping systems (MMS), have been quite a disruptive innovation in the development of Geomatics techniques for 3D surveying large indoor-outdoor spaces and offer multiple solutions. The recent expansion of portable devices in the form of trolleys, backpacks, handheld tools largely implements SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) algorithms and technology based on both Lidar and/or visual solutions for answering to the positioning and the 3D reconstruction problems. The research on MMS is directed to improve both multi-sensor integration implementation and usability of systems in diversified use contexts and application fields. The aim of the presented research is the evaluation of the potential of the Swift system recently developed by FARO Technologies, that has been fine-tuned for regular and large extent interiors mapping (such as factories, hospitals, airports, offices). The work tries to preliminary investigate the data delivery and usability of the integrated system. This is based on three elements mounted on a sliding trolley moved by the operator walking: the ScanPlan profilometer working for the 2D SLAM mapping, the static TLS Focus S-series, and the smartphone managing the sensors operation and the acquisition progress. The evaluation strategy undertaken will be based on the global and local performance analysis related to the trajectory, the data accuracy, the metric content and consistency. Two test studies belonging to the 20th century. architecture are presented in a preliminary framework of evaluation and validation: a Liberty-style cinema and the Torino Esposizioni Hall B designed in ferrocement by pier Luigi Nervi
ENHANCING TERRESTRIAL POINT CLOUDS USING UPSAMPLING STRATEGY: FIRST OBSERVATION AND TEST ON FARO FLASH TECHNOLOGY
Get PDFNowadays 3D digitization through the combination or hybridization of different sensors, with the final aim of accelerating the phases of data acquisition and storage, develops user friendly and robotics systems, making efficient the operator role. New technologies as Hybrid Reality CaptureTM (HRC), with Flash Technology (FARO Tech.) certainly fits into this market trend, and it is characterized by rapid acquisition, involving 3D scanning data with panoramic images contribution. The system is still under patent, and nothing is yet released on the technology. This research presents the analysis and discussion of results based on the raw and processed data related to the new FARO system. The assumption – based on the information declared by the manufacturer (FARO, 2023) – is that the new colored Flash scans are faster and denser than scans of the same resolution obtained using traditional static scanning method, due to the crucial contribution of the PanoCam data and resolution on which the upsampling strategy is based. An evaluation based on detailed analysis of the upsampling results is reported, delivering that the surface point density exponentially decreases with the distance and with the ray incidence inclination. A comparison with a mobile mapping technology is finally presented and discussed
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