1,721,027 research outputs found
EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF CYD-TDV VACCINE IN CHILDREN
Full text linkDengue virus is classified as an arbovirus and its incidence rate continues to grow, especially in children in the last few years recorded by WHO. In the absence of specific therapy to treat dengue, prevention with vaccination is the right choice, especially for Asia and endemic regions such as Indonesia. Until now, the vaccine for dengue is only available in one commercial formulation (CYD-TDV) which has been licensed and developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of the CYD-TDV vaccine for children in endemic areas. The method used in this study is a literature search. Conducted meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2017 and 2020 identified in MEDLINE, especially in children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings obtained are Immunogenicity in the test group vaccinated with CYD-TDV was higher than the control group and side effects between two groups were not significant. So it can be concluded CYD-TDV vaccine is effective and safe for children’s in endemic areas. This conclusion is the basis for further vaccine development, especially for Asian regions, such as Indonesia
Canagliflozin Reduces Epicardial Fat in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkBackground: It is unknown whether canagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose co‑transporter 2 inhibitor, reduces epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness, which is associated with insulin resistance and is a risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Methods and results: We administered 100 mg of canagliflozin for 6 months to 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated glycemic control, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and skeletal muscle mass by using impedance methods, and EAT thickness by using echocardiography. Cana‑ gliflozin treatment for 6 months decreased hemoglobin A1c level from 7.1 ± 0.5% to 6.7 ± 0.6% (P < 0.05) and decreased EAT thickness from 9.3 ± 2.5 to 7.3 ± 2.0 mm (P < 0.001), along with a trend of decreasing VAT and SAT area. No association was found between any of these changes.
Conclusion: Canagliflozin reduced EAT thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of its effect on lowering blood glucose, suggesting that canagliflozin may have an effect in preventing cardiovascular events in these patients (UMIN000021327)
REVIEW ARTICLE: AMEBIASIS MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkAmebiasis is one of the gastrointestinal tract infection disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic protozoan. Amebiasis is the second disease, caused by
parasite, that leading cause of death after malaria. Infection occurs through faecaloral route and after ingestion a contaminated food and beverages by human faeces.
The pathogenesis of E. histolytica can be classified into 3 processes, i.e: death of host cell, inflammation, and parasitic invasion. The recent years, a molecularly amebiasis pathogenesis has been developed, i.e: adherence, phagocytosis, tropogocytosis of host cell and how the parasites can survive and attack host cells so it can cause an infection in humans. Molecular development is an important thing to be considered in the selection of amebiasis therapy
Exercise Dicreased the Expression of MCP-1 in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Obesity Mice.
Full text linkEffectiveness And Safety Of CYD-TDV Vaccine In Children
Full text linkDengue virus is classified as an arbovirus and its incidence rate continues to grow, especially in children in the last few years recorded by WHO. In the absence of specific therapy to treat dengue, prevention with vaccination is the right choice, especially for Asia and endemic regions such as Indonesia. Until now, the vaccine for dengue is only available in one commercial formulation (CYD-TDV) which has been licensed and developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of the CYD-TDV vaccine for children in endemic areas. The method used in this study is a literature search. Conducted meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between 2017 and 2020 identified in MEDLINE, especially in children based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this study showed that the CYD-TDV vaccine had a higher level of immunogenicity in the vaccinated test group compared to the control group. This higher immunogenicity indicates that the vaccine is able to stimulate the immune system to produce a strong response against the targeted viral infection. In addition, the finding that there was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups suggests that the CYD-TDV vaccine is safe to use. Vaccine safety is of paramount importance in disease prevention efforts, especially in the pediatric population who are vulnerable to adverse effects and complications that may arise from immunization. These findings provide additional confidence that these vaccines can be relied upon in childhood immunization programs in endemic areas. The conclusion that the CYD-TDV vaccine is effective and safe has important implications for further vaccine development, especially for Asian regions such as Indonesia
The protective effect of intermittent fasting and physical exercise on obesity through changes in muscle diameter
Full text linkIntroduction: Obesity is a cause of metabolic syndrome. Intermittent fasting is a method that is quite popular today, and this is an alternative method to lose weight compared to the traditional method of undergoing calorie restriction (20-40% reduction in daily calorie intake) and/or physical activity. However, the effect of intermittent fasting and physical exercise on changes in the muscle remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle histology in intermittent fasting and physical exercise in obese mice.
Methods: 8-weeks old mice were given a high-fat diet for two weeks and then grouped into four groups (a control group, group two as a group with a high-fat diet, group three with a high-fat diet which was given physical exercise, and group four was a high-fat diet which was given fasting for 8 hours 5 days a week, for two weeks). Histological analysis was performed to see the changes in the muscles with hematoxylin staining at 40 times magnification.
Results: The fasting and physical exercise group were significantly less weight gain. The histological results found that the muscle diameter widened in the physical exercise group compared to the high-fat diet group (p<0.05). In comparison, the fasting group was found to have almost the same muscle diameter as the control group without the high-fat diet (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both intermittent fasting and exercise were effective in reducing body weight, whereas intermittent fasting is more effective than exercise in maintaining muscle mass by maintaining muscle diameter to prevent obesity
Predictors for the Treatment Effect of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Full text linkIntroduction
Predictors for the effect of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors at lowering hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients remain unclear. We therefore aimed to elucidate these predictors in type 2 diabetes patients after 3 months of SGLT2 treatment.
Methods
A total of 302 consecutive type 2 diabetes patients who had been treated with SGLT2 inhibitors as monotherapy or add-on therapy to existing antidiabetic treatments were enrolled retrospectively. After excluding 27 patients whose HbA1c levels could not be evaluated 3 months after treatment, the glucose-lowering effects of SGLT2 inhibitors were assessed in 275 patients by measuring HbA1c levels before and 3 months after treatment. The predictors for changes in HbA1c levels after 3 months of treatment were evaluated.
Results
SGLT2 inhibitor treatment for 3 months decreased HbA1c levels from 7.8 ± 1.2% to 7.4 ± 1.0% (p < 0.0001). A multiple regression analysis showed that the independent determinants for SGLT2 inhibitor treatment effect included decreased HbA1c levels after 1 month of treatment, high baseline HbA1c levels, and a high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Conclusion
We show that type 2 diabetes patients who received the greatest glucose-lowering effect with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment were those with preserved renal function (high baseline eGFR) and high baseline HbA1c levels. Moreover, SGLT2 inhibitor treatment efficacy could be predicted by the patients’ initial response to treatment
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