1,721,006 research outputs found
La teoria dell’evoluzione stratificata come modalità di comprensione della fenomenologia ipnotica.
No full text
La valutazione degli esiti della CBT nel National Health Service britannico: l’esperienza del servizio Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT)
No full text
Dimensioni di personalità e scelta degli studi universitari: Uno studio preliminare con il five factor professional questionnaire
No full textLa valutazione della personalità svolge un ruolo importante nella selezione e nell’orientamento. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è quello di individuare dei profili di personalità differenziati in base alla scelta della Facoltà universitaria. Hanno partecipato alla ricerca 273 studenti universitari (100 maschi e 173 femmine), di età compresa tra i 20 e i 42 anni, iscritti a quattro diverse facoltà (Lingue e Letterature straniere, Scienze motorie, Scienze manageriali e Architettura), a cui è stato somministrato il Five Factor Professional Questionnaire (FFPQ). I risultati hanno evidenziato profili di personalità differenziati in funzione della Facoltà frequentata. Differenze significative tra i gruppi emergono per quanto riguarda Apertura Mentale, Competitività e Coscienziosità, mentre nessuna differenza è stata evidenziata per Estroversione e Stabilità Emotiva
Application of Bayes’ theorem in valuating depression tests performance
No full textThe validity of clinical diagnoses is a fundamental topic in clinical psychology, because now there are some political administrations, as the IOM or the U.K. government, which are focusing on best evidence-based practice in clinical psychology. The most problematic issue in clinical psychology is to avoid wrong diagnoses which can have negative consequences on individual life and on the utility of clinical treatments. In the case of diagnoses based on self-report tests, the diagnostic decision about individual health is based on the comparison between its score and the cutoff, according to the frequentist approach to probability. However, the frequentist approach underestimates the possible risks of incorrect diagnoses based on cutoffs only. The Bayesian approach is a valid alternative to make diagnoses on the basis of the scores from psychological tests. The Bayes’ theorem estimates the posterior probability of the presence of a pathology on the basis of the knowledge about the diffusion of this pathology (prior probability) and of the knowledge of sensitivity and specificity values of the test. With all this information, it is possible to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of some self-report tests used for assessing depression. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the most used psychological tests of depression (Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory), together with a new scale (Teate Depression Inventory) developed with the IRT procedure, by analyzing the published works in which data about sensitivity and specificity of these scales are reported. Except the TDI, none of these scales can reach a satisfactory level of diagnostic accuracy, probably for the absence of an optimal procedure to select test items and subjects with clearly defined pathological symptoms which could allow the reduction of false positives in test scoring
- …
