1,721,034 research outputs found
A Perspective on the Battery Value Chain and the Future of Battery Electric Vehicles
No full textEven the most conservative projections suggest that significantly higher demand for batteries in the transport sector is expected in the coming years. A relevant concern is the supply security of lithium-ion batteries, which has been raised and discussed in existing literature in the context of sustainability and the technological readiness of different parts of the battery value chain. However, an up-to-date analysis of this value chain is beneficial to spotlight the main current bottlenecks. This perspective article aims to make a worthwhile contribution in two respects: first, to encourage further research in the techno-economic aspects of lithium-ion and beyond battery chemistries; second, to aid investors and policymakers in the decision-making process paving the road for the realization of the sustainability goals in the transport sector
Chemical solution-based synthesis of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for PEM water electrolysis
No full textChemical solution-based synthesis of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for PEM water electrolysis
No full textSliding mode observer with adaptive switching gain for estimating state of charge and internal temperature of a commercial Li-ion pouch cell
No full textAccurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) and internal temperature is the essence of the battery management systems for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this research, an improved sliding mode observer (SMO) is presented and evaluated for the estimation of SOC and internal temperature of LIBs by adapting the switching gain. The observer is meticulously designed, parametrized, and validated by combining modeling and experimentation on a commercial 64 Ah LIB pouch cell. The battery behavior is emulated by a coupled equivalent circuit model (CECM) composed of a dual-polarization and a novel thermal model. The proposed observer is showcased to estimate the SOC with an average error of <2 % even in the presence of a significant model mismatch. The results provide deep insight into the development process of the efficient and robust SMO observers for estimating the internal states of LIBs.This work was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program for the Current Direct project under grant agreement No.963603
Poly(ethylene disulfide)/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Dynamic-mechanical and electrochamical properties
No full textA techno-economic evaluation of solar-powered green hydrogen production for sustainable energy consumption in Belgium
No full textThis work was supported by Hasselt University through the Special Research Funds
Poly(ethylene disulfide)/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Dynamic-mechanical and electrochemical properties
No full textIn this work, dynamic-mechanical and electrochemical properties of polyethylene disulfide and polyethylene disulfide/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites are investigated to explore their possible application in rechargeable batteries. The crude polyethylene disulfide, as well as GO and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) modified-GO loaded nanocomposites are synthesized through the in situ interfacial polymerization. The GO loaded nanocomposite presents a glass transition temperature of 4.5 °C and a high storage modulus of 115 MPa at 25 °C, which is 17% and 155% higher than that for the crude polyethylene disulfide and the SDBS-modified-GO loaded nanocomposite, respectively. Although the electrical conductivity of the 2 GO loaded nanocomposite is slightly higher than other two materials (due to the slightly higher electrical conductivity of GO nanosheets), the electrical conductivity of all polysulfide materials is very close and in the range of 10-6 and 10-4 S/m at low (10 Hz) and high frequencies (10 6 Hz), respectively. Notably, the polyethylene disulfide/GO nanocomposite presents a Coulombic efficiency of 97% in a lithium cell with a conventional liquid-electrolyte
Performance of the RuO2 Catalyst Layer with Nonuniform Ionomer Distribution for Water Electrolysis
No full textProton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) stands out as a promising technology for producing highly pure hydrogen at a high voltage efficiency and with minimal impact on the environment. The manufacturing method of the catalyst layer still needs more fine-tuning to improve the performance and lifetime of PEMWE even with notable progress in materials development. In this work, we showcase the sensitivity of the polarization at the RuO2 anode to the spatial distribution of the ionomer within the catalyst layer over short- and long-term operation. A series of anode electrodes with different formulations are systematically prepared and characterized to quantify the interplay between the components' spatial distribution and the polarization behavior during water electrolysis. The results point to the more efficient utilization of the catalyst particles in a graded electrode, as substantiated by Tafel and voltammetry analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy identifies electronic and ionic charge transport as the dominant loss phenomena in the bulk and at interfaces, respectively. Our results suggest that the aging rate at the catalyst layer is influenced by the ionomer content and is higher close to the membrane. By exploring the formulation parameters of the graded catalyst layer, this work seeks to contribute to the development of more efficient PEM electrolysis systems, paving the way for a sustainable hydrogen economy.The authors are grateful to the BOF at Hasselt University for the financial support of this work in the context of the CleanH2 project
Polymeric Backbone Eutectogels as a New Generation of Hybrid Solid-State Electrolytes
No full textThis work introduces the polymeric eutectogel (P-ETG) solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) developed from the encapsulation of a liquid deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte within a solid amide-based polymer backbone. Compared to their silica-based eutectogel counterparts, the P-ETGs can be efficiently processed by means of UV curing from liquid precursors and possess superior mechanical flexibility. The P-ETGs are characterized by a good electrochemical stability (up to 4.5 V vs Li) and high ionic conductivity up to 0.78 mS cm(-1). The potentiality of P-ETG for application in Li/Li-ion batteries is substantiated by stable cycling results of Li/P-ETG/LiFePO4 cells over 100 cycles at C/5 to 1C rates. The fire-hazards analysis reveals the improved safety of P-ETGs in contrast to the conventional liquid electrolytes (1 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC).B.J. was a Ph.D. research fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) for the duration of the conducted research and now a researcher at Hasselt University. This project receives the support of the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund ERDF [project 936], Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship, and the Province of Limburg. The authors thank A. Kelchtermans for help with the flammability tests, W. Maes for the use of the N2 glovebox and (ATR-)FT-IR setup, and W. Marchal, P. Samyn, and R. Carleer and group members for the many discussions on the (ATR-)FT-IR and TGA measurements.Joos, B; Hardy, AT (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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