29 research outputs found
Traditional beekeeping for the restoration of degraded Agro ecosystem under Himalayan conditions of Jammu and Kashmir
No full textAxisymmetric deformation in a micropolar thermoelastic medium under fractional order theory of thermoelasticity
No full textQuantum chemical investigations on the molecular structure, FTIR, UV-Vis and HOMO-LUMO analysis of 15-16-epoxy-7b, 9a dihydroxylabdane 13(16), 14-dien-6-one
No full textAssessment of physiological indices and energetics under different system of rice intensification in north western Himalayas
No full textField experiment was conducted at the research farm of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan during kharif 2013 with the objective to select the best seedling age and spacing of rice under system of rice intensification in terms of energetic and employment generation for mid hill con-dition of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in 3 times replicated split plot design, assigning of three seedling ages (10, 17 and 24 days) and two spacings (20 cm x 20 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm) in main plots and four seedling vigours corresponding to four seeding rates (25, 30, 35 and 40 g/m2) in sub plots. The leaf area per plant was significantly greater in 10 days seedling age and decreased with increase in age (P=0.05). Seedling rate did not affect leaf area index in all stages except 40 DAS when 35 g/m2 seeding rate had maximum LAI. Seedling age did not significantly influence crop growth rate at any interval but it did relative growth rate and net assimilation rate between 40-70 and 70-100 DAS (P=0.05). 24 days old seedling resulted in significantly higher relative growth rate and net assimilation rate between 40-70 DAS followed by 17 days old seedlings. Maximum value of energy input (13.23) was recorded in 24 days seedling. The energy use efficiency (Energy output: input) varied from 10.6 to 11.1 under different treatments. Wider spacing supporting less plant population consumed 10 man days less than closer spac-ing of 20 cm x 15 cm
Fertilizer-use efficiency, nutrient uptake and water requirement of capsicum under fertigation in open field conditions
No full textLow Sputum Smear Positive Tuberculosis among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspects in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania
No full textEarly diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and prompt initiation of treatment are essential for an effective tuberculosis control programme. In many resource limited settings microscopic diagnosis is still the pivotal tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. This study aimed at evaluating laboratory microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. This retrospective hospital based study reviewed consecutively from TB registry and patients’ files a total of 5,922 TB suspects who submitted their sputum for examination between January 2007 and May 2010 at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Among TB suspects (mean age=36.1±13.6 years) female accounted for 54.1% of the patients. The prevalence of HIV among TB patients was 59.4%. The sputum smear positivity rate among the TB suspects was 6.1%; the rate was higher in HIV positive than in HIV negative patients (9.9 % versus 3.2%, P-value < 0.001). The overall positivity rate for the first smear was 94.2% with an incremental percentage yield of 5.2% and 0.6% for the second and third smears, respectively. The study found that 28.6% of patients who were positive in the first smear did not return for the second smear. The risk factors among smear positive TB patients were co-illness (32.5%), previous history of TB (7.5%) and history of positive TB contact (4.7%). These findings also show that as CD4+ T Cells count increases, the quantity AFB in sputum smear also increase although not statistically significant. The sputum smear positivity rate at Bugando Medical Centre is low and more than a quarter of initial TB suspects who were positive in the first smear were lost to follow up posing a threat of continuous transmission of tuberculosis to the community. The finding of more sputum smear positivity rate among HIV positive than HIV negative patients at BMC requires a prospective study to ascertain whether it is a reality or a coincidence.\u
Seasonal Incidence and Management of Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, Hemiptera, Psyllidae) in Kashmir, India
No full textPear (Pyrus communis) is an important fruit crop cultivated worldwide, including the temperate regions of India, particularly Jammu and Kashmir. Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) has emerged as a significant pest, causing substantial losses by stunting tree growth, reducing fruit size leading to premature leaf drop. The present study investigated the influence of various abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall on the seasonal incidence and population dynamics of Pear Psylla in four locations from two districts viz., Baramulla and Srinagar, Kashmir. Regular pest monitoring and meteorological data revealed that maximum and minimum temperatures had a positive correlation with Pear Psylla populations while rainfall and maximum relative humidity were negatively correlated. Regression analysis showed that these climatic factors accounted for up to 95% of the variation in pest populations. The results of the evaluation of different insecticides revealed that Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD with an efficacy of 92.74%, proved to be the most effective followed by Acetamiprid 20% SP (90.87%). These findings highlighted that the optimal temperature range for Psylla development was between 27°C and 29°C suggesting that the weather conditions played a crucial role in fluctuating pest population and can govern the integrated pest management strategies
Unveiling Pest Resilience in Bottle Gourd: A Comprehensive Review of Field Monitoring and Statistical Insights
No full textBottle gourd (genus Lagenaria, species siceraria) is one of valuable cucurbitaceous vegetables grown all over the world due to its nutritional and economic importance. But it is affected by several insect pests and diseases, resulting in considerable yield losses. The objective of this review is to provide a state-of-the art knowledge of the pocedures for bottle gourd pest monitoring, field screening, fruit damage assessment, rating system, antixenosis response as well as statistical correlation and regression analysis to obtain a deeper insight into the resistance mechanisms and yield loss prediction. The research incorporates real-time experimental data to assess the incidence of the pest and damage severity in bottle gourd range of crops.
Using field screening, laboratory analysis, and statistical modeling, the research evaluates the infestation patterns and plant resistance. Visual observation, pheromone trap and sticky trap were used for pest monitoring, which were used to identify major insect pests in bottle gourd production. Species and pear shape & genotype damage were assessed both according to weight and number to understand potential economic losses from disease and genotypes were graded according to a standardized system to serve to categorize genotypes according to their level of resistance. Antixenosis study was conducted to analyze the behavioral resistance of different bottle gourd varieties against the key pest. In addition, statistical association and regression models were used to assess the relationship between insect incidence, plant morphological traits and yield loss.
The results show that the cucurbit fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) is the most damaging pest, with infestation rates higher at certain flowering stage. Infested plants showed an average yield reduction of 25-40%, while severe damage occurred during the peak infestation period. Antixenosis traits such as repelling the insects from feeding and oviposition were highly significant (P a quarter 0.0001) in resistant genotypes. We found a strong negative correlation (r = -0.75) between trichome density and incidence of pests, implying that these morphological traits are key in determining natural pest resistance. The importance of pest damage in predicting yield loss was further underlined by a regression analysis approach (R² = 0.85); predictive modelling has the potential to improve pest management strategies.
The researchers stressed the importance of integrated pest management (IPM) practices, using genetic resistance, monitoring at early stages of the plants development and sustainable control methods to reduce economic losses. These results also indicate that genotypes with high levels of resistance and strong antixenosis mechanisms should be the primary focus of breeding programs targeting this pest. In particular, data-driven pest forecasting models could be utilized by farmers and researchers to apply targeted interventions that minimize chemical pesticides and promote sustainable yield
