112 research outputs found
Selective biocatalytic hydroxylation of unactivated methylene C-H bonds in cyclic alkyl substrates
No full textThe cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP101B1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans selectively hydroxylated methylene C-H bonds in cycloalkyl rings. Cycloketones and cycloalkyl esters containing C6, C8, C10 and C12 rings were oxidised with high selectively on the opposite side of the ring to the carbonyl substituent. Cyclodecanone was oxidised to oxabicycloundecanol derivatives in equilibrium with the hydroxycyclodecanones.Md Raihan Sarkar, Samrat Dasgupta, Simon M. Pyke and Stephen G. Bel
Service and Gender Inequity among Faculty
No full textAbstractThis article describes social structural inequities in the academy that contribute to gender imbalances in faculty service demands, which can slow women's career advancement. The author criticizes as ill-considered and ineffective the popular notion that the solution rests with individual female faculty, who should “just say no” to service. Instead, she proposes structural and cultural solutions to this systemic problem, including a revaluation of faculty labor required to maintain the day-to-day operation of institutions of higher learning and research.</jats:p
What is Internalized Racial Oppression and Why Don't We Study It? Acknowledging Racism's Hidden Injuries
No full text Despite sociology's longstanding interest in inequality, the internalization of racial oppression among the racially subordinated and its contribution to the reproduction of racial inequality has been largely ignored, reflecting a taboo on the subject. Consequently, internalized racism remains one of the most neglected and misunderstood components of racism. In this article, the author argues that only by defying the taboo can sociology expose the hidden injuries of racism and the subtle mechanisms that sustain White privilege. After reviewing the concept and providing examples of the phenomenon, the author draws on critical social theory to examine reasons for the taboo, such as a theoretical fixation on resistance, a penchant for racial essentialism, and the limitations of an identity politics. The author concludes by offering a method for studying internalized racism and resistance concurrently within the matrix of intersecting forms of oppression. </jats:p
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Parent Talk: How Parents Discursively Construct, Co-Construct and Re-Do Gender Expectations and Practices in Their Young Children
No full textThis research explores how parents discursively construct, co-construct and re-do gender expectations and practices of their young children. Using the social construction of gender approach, which views the accomplishment of gender as an ongoing and multifaceted process, the author investigates parents’ of young twins’ discursive engagement with, and commitment to, the gender binary. It examines the ways in which parents are invested in the gender binary, feel accountable to other people regarding their children’s gender and how they resist gender expectations. Further, this study examines how parents “do” gender embodiment through the practices they engage in while raising their young children.This study draws off of 40 in-depth interviews and 8 observations with parents of twins between the ages of 12 and 60 months. What emerged were rich descriptions of parents’ gender ideals, gendered practices and resistance to gender expectations. The strength of the gender binary and parents’ investment reinforcing gender was strong and varied amongst the twin pairs, with parents of boy/girl twins expressing the most commitment to the gender binary. The study found that parents of boy/boy twins were the most invested in constructing and upholding social expectations of hegemonic masculinity, often rooted in homophobia and prompting them to “closet” behavior and practices the parents deemed non-gender appropriate. Whereas, parents of girl/girl twins often avoided gendered language and expressed the most comfort with gender fluidity and non-gender conformity. This research also found that parents feel responsible for constructing and upholding gender expectations for their children and their children’s gendered bodies. The study found that children’s bodies are often scrutinized by networks of accountability (e.g. family, friends, and other people) and parents’ feel accountable for their young children’s bodies living up to these gender expectations. Accountability also emerged as a reason parents often felt constricted to uphold gender expectations and practices and often didn’t engage in resisting gender norms
Grenander functionals and Cauchy's formula
No full textLet (Formula presented.) be the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of a decreasing density. Grenander characterized this as the left-continuous slope of the least concave majorant of the empirical distribution function. For a sample from the uniform distribution, the asymptotic distribution of the L2-distance of the Grenander estimator to the uniform density was derived in an article by Groeneboom and Pyke by using a representation of the Grenander estimator in terms of conditioned Poisson and gamma random variables. This representation was also used in an article by Groeneboom and Lopuhaä to prove a central limit result of Sparre Andersen on the number of jumps of the Grenander estimator. Here we extend this to the proof of the main result on the L2-distance of the Grenander estimator to the uniform density and also prove a similar asymptotic normality results for the entropy functional. Cauchy's formula and saddle point methods are the main tools in our development.Statistic
Benjamin Britten's Creative Relationship with Russia
No full textThis thesis considers Britten’s creative relationship with Russia, in the sense of aspects of Russian culture and politics, across his creative life. It makes particular use of the composer’s collection of scores, the full text of his diaries from 1928 to 1938 and his correspondence in the Britten-Pears Library, Aldeburgh. The author has also conducted over twenty interviews with those with a perspective on this aspect of Britten’s creative sensibility, some of which are included as appendices, and carried out two research visits to Russia and Armenia. Particular attention is given to Britten’s lifelong admiration for Tchaikovsky and to his creative relationship with Shostakovich. The latter is considered both in the 1930s and the 1960s by means of Britten’s diaries, the correspondence between the two composers, Shostakovich’s collection of Britten scores, and a series of articles about Britten published in the Soviet Union in the 1960s. An attempt is made to consider the relationship between Britten’s and Shostakovich’s vocal and instrumental works during this latter period, with particular reference firstly, to the influence of Mstislav Rostropovich and Galina Vishnevskaya and secondly, to the topic of death. Finally, the thesis considers Britten’s creative relationship with Russia as an integrated phenomenon and explores some of the ambiguities inherent in Britten’s response and the wider question of Russian influence on his music
Benjamin Britten's creative relationship with Russia
No full textThis thesis considers Britten’s creative relationship with Russia, in the sense of aspects of Russian culture and politics, across his creative life. It makes particular use of the composer’s collection of scores, the full text of his diaries from 1928 to 1938 and his correspondence in the Britten-Pears Library, Aldeburgh. The author has also conducted over twenty interviews with those with a perspective on this aspect of Britten’s creative sensibility, some of which are included as appendices, and carried out two research visits to Russia and Armenia. Particular attention is given to Britten’s lifelong admiration for Tchaikovsky and to his creative relationship with Shostakovich. The latter is considered both in the 1930s and the 1960s by means of Britten’s diaries, the correspondence between the two composers, Shostakovich’s collection of Britten scores, and a series of articles about Britten published in the Soviet Union in the 1960s. An attempt is made to consider the relationship between Britten’s and Shostakovich’s vocal and instrumental works during this latter period, with particular reference firstly, to the influence of Mstislav Rostropovich and Galina Vishnevskaya and secondly, to the topic of death. Finally, the thesis considers Britten’s creative relationship with Russia as an integrated phenomenon and explores some of the ambiguities inherent in Britten’s response and the wider question of Russian influence on his music.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Not that Innocent: The discursive construction of girls' sexuality in Dolly magazine
No full textThis study examines the discursive construction of girls' sexuality in the teen magazine, Dolly. It uses Dolly to illustrate the ambiguity surrounding girls' sexuality in the media which render it simultaneously problematic and a source of entertainment. This focus was inspired by recent publicity surrounding teen sexual practices in New Zealand, where various media and governmental debates have rendered teen, and in particular girls' sexuality a 'sex crisis' (The New Zealand Listener: 14-20 May 2005) with which New Zealand is faced. The study uses a multi-modal approach, combining ethnographic research and textual analysis. The former consists of a questionnaire with one hundred and nineteen respondents from two socio-demographically different secondary schools and supports previous research that demonstrates the important role of magazines in the lives of young women. The latter involves an examination of fifteen issues of Dolly and suggests that the identities of the reader, subject and author are discursively constructed through the prevalent discourses in the magazine. The often contradictory discourses upon which this study focuses are confession, victimisation, epidemic, medicine, desire and girl power. The identities constructed are equally contradictory and include a naïve, knowledgeable, deviant or normal but always heterosexually desiring and desirable reader. In general, the study provides an insight into the ambiguity surrounding girls' sexuality in popular culture, and into the potential implications of this on girls' sexual, personal and social development and identity
From “Wholesome Discipline” to “Something Fatal”: Portraiture in the Victorian Novel
No full textIn Victorian England, the biological processes behind the act of seeing were coming under new scrutiny. These changes in the public’s perception of sight, it has been argued, resulted in what Jonathan Crary calls “a massive reorganization of knowledge and social” (3). The change in the understanding of sight had a corresponding, tangible effect on the fabric of Victorian society. Issues such as the interaction between the objectivity and subjectivity of sight, or how the figure of the observer occupies positions of power, became the textual (and visual) shorthand for social interactions. Representations of art in novels therefore occupy a unique place in Victorian consciousness: because art inherently deals with issues of visuality, self-perception, and awareness, art (and portraits especially) can function as a physical embodiment of vision. The very existence of the portrait in the text brings additional concerns, such as the way that the production of the self necessarily exists in tension with the external influence of society and the subject’s environment.
This project is composed of two case studies: the first focuses on Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, and the second on The Picture of Dorian Gray and to a lesser extent Salome, both by Oscar Wilde. These works, from earlier and later parts of the Victorian period respectively, each use the devices of vision and art to show societal and personal relationships, but textually represent these devices in such different ways that it becomes necessary to examine the differences in the conclusions that each author draws from these similar subjects. Insofar as any work of literature is a product of its time, I argue that the ideological differences implicit (or explicit, as the case may be) in each text are revealed through the way that each addresses the problems inherent in vision.
The production of a portrait often results in a kind of “fracturing of the self,” whereby the subject projects certain ideological and personal characteristics onto the work of art in a way that is either productive of the self, or conversely results in the disintegration of the self. Wilde’s view of the sterility of art, stemming from the l’art pour l’art philosophy propounded by the Aesthetic Movement of the late Victorian period, contrasts starkly with Bronte’s earlier, relatively hopeful view of the transcendent aspects of art, as the self-portrait that Jane creates allows her to create and claim herself. By examining instances of portraiture in Jane Eyre and The Picture of Dorian Gray, I demonstrate the epistemological, societal, and ideological shift that result from technological advances in the field of optics.Englis
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