1,207 research outputs found
Pairwise stable and stochastically stable networks in the four-person co-author model
No full textThe co-author model is introduced by Jackson and Wolinsky (1996, Journal of Economic Theory) as a typical example of the models of network formation. In this note, we study which network is pairwise stable and/or stochastically stable when the number of players is four.
Dynamics of Network Formation Processes in the Co-Author Model
No full textThis article studies the dynamics in the formation processes of a mutual consent network in game theory setting: the Co-Author Model. In this article, a limited observation is applied and analytical results are derived. Then, 2 parameters are varied: the number of individuals in the network and the initial probability of the links in the network in its initial state. A simulation result shows a finding that is consistent with an analytical result for a state of equilibrium while it also shows different possible equilibria.Dynamics, Network, Game Theory, Model,Simulation, Equilibrium, Complexity
Cross-National Public Opinion on Climate Change: The Effects of Affluence and Vulnerability
No full textClimate change has emerged as one of the most important issues of the twentyfirst century. Recent opinion polls show rising public awareness of climate change. Yet considerable cross-national variation exists in the intensity of public concern and in public willingness to pay for addressing climate change. Drawing on twelve multinational surveys, we examine two aggregate conditionsa country's affluence and its vulnerability to climate risksas key factors underlying cross-national differences in public support for and commitment to costly climate policies. In contrast to the post-materialism thesis, we find strong concern about climate change to be higher in developing countries. Contrary to expectation, climate vulnerability had little effect on public concern, but did have significant impact on some measures of personal commitment and support for climate policies. The analysis indicates that, in most countries examined, high concern about climate change is only beginning to translate into personal commitment to action.
Rat serum contains a developmentally regulated cholinergic inducing activity
No full textSympathetic neurons cultured in defined medium do not develop the ability to produce acetylcholine, as do neurons grown with serum supplementation (lacovitti, L., M. I. Johnson, T. H. Joh, and R. P. Bunge (1982) Neuroscience 7:2225–2239; Wolinsky, E. J., S. C. Landis, and P. H. Patterson (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 1497–1508). The implication that rat serum contains cholinergic inducing activity is further explored here. Dependence of cholinergic induction on serum concentration is demonstrated, and the activity is shown to reside in a macromolecular fraction. Very little cholinergic inducing activity is present in serum obtained from animals younger than 9 postnatal days. This age dependence correlates with the time of transition from noradrenergic to cholinergic transmitter status by the sympathetic innervation of the rat sweat gland in vivo (Landis, S. C., and D. Keefe (1983) Dev. Biol. 98: 349–372).</jats:p
Potassium-stimulated purine release by cultured sympathetic neurons
No full textEnvironmental factors can influence cultured sympathetic neurons to acquire several different neurotransmitter phenotypes. Cholinergic and noradrenergic transmitter status can be influenced by heart cell conditioned medium, chronic depolarization (Patterson, P. H. (1978) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1:1–17), and rat serum (Wolinsky, E. J., and P. H. Patterson, (1985) J. Neurosci. 5:1509–1512); formation of electrical synapses can be induced by insulin (Wolinsky, E. J., H. Patterson, and A. L. Willard (1985) J. Neurosci., 5:1675–1679). Purine release has also been proposed as a possible transmission mode for sympathetic neurons (Potter, D. D., E. J. Furshpan, and S. C. Landis (1983) Fred. Proc. 42:1626–1632), and as such, it is another candidate for environmental modulation. In this report, we assess the ability of sympathetic neuron cultures grown with and without serum to release metabolically labeled tritriated purine compounds in response to depolarization. Exposure to 54 mM potassium stimulated release of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine from both serum-supplemented and defined-medium cultures. However, depolarization-stimulated release of adenine nucleotides was observed only from serum-supplemented cultures and not from serum-free cultures. The release of adenine nucleotides from serum-containing cultures is affected by divalent cations in the manner expected for a neurosecretory process. The failure of serum-free cultures to release detectable adenine nucleotides raises the possibility that they do not share with, or that they differ from, serum-supplemented cultures in the purinergic aspect of the multiple transmission modes available to sympathetic neurons, and that this difference may be due to effects of the culture medium.</jats:p
Rat Serum Contains a Developmentally Regulated Cholinergic Inducing Activity
No full textSympathetic neurons cultured in defined medium do not develop the ability to produce acetylcholine, as do neurons grown with serum supplementation (lacovitti, L., M. I. Johnson, T. H. Joh, and R. P. Bunge (1982) Neuroscience 7:2225–2239; Wolinsky, E. J., S. C. Landis, and P. H. Patterson (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 1497–1508). The implication that rat serum contains cholinergic inducing activity is further explored here. Dependence of cholinergic induction on serum concentration is demonstrated, and the activity is shown to reside in a macromolecular fraction. Very little cholinergic inducing activity is present in serum obtained from animals younger than 9 postnatal days. This age dependence correlates with the time of transition from noradrenergic to cholinergic transmitter status by the sympathetic innervation of the rat sweat gland in vivo (Landis, S. C., and D. Keefe (1983) Dev. Biol. 98: 349–372)
sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 – Supplemental material for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial by Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Bermel, Gary Cutter, Mark S Freedman, Thomas P Leist, Xiaoye Ma, Deidre Kile, Bruno Musch, Anthony T Reder and Jerry S Wolinsky in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
MSO911939 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for An exploratory analysis of the efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis with increased disability
No full textSupplemental material, MSO911939 Supplemental Material2 for An exploratory analysis of the efficacy of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis with increased disability by Jerry S Wolinsky Natalie J Engmann, Jinglan Pei, Ashish Pradhan
Clyde Markowitz Edward J Fox in Multiple Sclerosis Journal—Experimental, Translational and Clinical</p
sj-pdf-3-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 – Supplemental material for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-3-msj-10.1177_13524585211035740 for Ocrelizumab treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after a suboptimal response to previous disease-modifying therapy: A nonrandomized controlled trial by Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Bermel, Gary Cutter, Mark S Freedman, Thomas P Leist, Xiaoye Ma, Deidre Kile, Bruno Musch, Anthony T Reder and Jerry S Wolinsky in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p
- …
