30 research outputs found
Roederiodes wirthi Chillcott
No full textRoederiodes wirthi Chillcott (Figs 10, 29, 34) Roederioides wirthi Chillcott, 1961: 426. Type locality: Glenwood, New Mexico, USA. Roederiodes wirthi: Melander, 1965: 468 [catalogue]; Wilder, 1981: 420 [review]; Sinclair, 1995: 698 [species list]. Roederioides retroversa Chillcott, 1961: 427. Type locality: St. Helena Creek [38°44′N 122°37′W], Lake Co., California, USA. Roederiodes retroversa: Wilder, 1981: 420 [as synonym of wirthi]; Sinclair, 1995: 698 [as synonym of wirthi]. Roederiodes retroversus: Melander, 1965: 468 [catalogue]. Type material. Roederiodes retroversus: HOLOTYPE ♁, labelled: “ St. Helena Creek / Lake Co. [ca. 38.653°N 122.597°W] Cal./17.III.48.”; “ W.W. Wirth / Collector”; “Stream/ margin”; “HOLOTYPE/ Roederioides / retroversa/ No. Chillcott / 65093 [red label]” [dissected] (USNM). Roederiodes wirthi: HOLOTYPE ♁, labelled: “ NEW MEXICO / CatronCo 5/ miEGlenwood/ 24June1953 ”; “WW Wirth/ Collector”; “ HOLOTYPE / Roederioides / wirthi/ No. Chillcott/ 65092. [red label]” (USNM). PARATYPES: Same data as holotype (2 ♁ [= chillcotti sp. nov.], 1 ♁, CNC; 1 ♁ [= chillcotti sp. nov.], 4 ♁, USNM). The female type series (3 ♀, CNC; 6 ♀ (incl. allotype), USNM) are indistinguishable from females of R. chillcotti sp. nov. Notes on types. Roederiodes retroversus was described based on the male holotype, which was dissected and the male terminalia illustrated (Chillcott 1961, fig. 20). Roederiodes wirthi was based on a holotype, allotype and 18 paratypes. The holotype, allotype and 15 paratypes were examined and found to comprise a mixture of two species. Chillcott (1961, fig. 19) dissected and illustrated one of three male paratypes of R. wirthi that were retained in the CNC. The illustrated male paratype is clearly not conspecific with the holotype of R. wirthi and distinctly different from the illustration of the male terminalia of R. retroversus. Wilder (1981) did not identify the mixed series, but discovered that the holotypes of R. wirthi and R. retroversus were conspecific, both types matching the male terminalia of R. retroversus illustrated by Chillcott (1961, fig. 20), leading her to propose R. retroversus as a junior synonym of R. wirthi. Consequently, the species illustrated by Chillcott (1961, fig. 19) as “ R. wirthi ” represents an undescribed species (see R. chillcotti sp. nov.). Additional material examined. USA. Arizona: Coconino Co., Oak Ck Canyon, Cave Springs Cpgd [34.996°N 111.739°W], 4500 ft, 21–23.v.1971, PHA & M. Arnaud (2 ♁, USNM). California: Same data as holotype (2 ♁, 1 ♀, USNM); Alameda Co., Sunol [37°35′N 121°53′W], 3.iv.1939, T. G.H. Aitken (2 ♀, CAS); same data except, Calaveras Ck, 18.x1938 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CAS); Calaveras Co., West Point, Hwy 26 [38.389°N 120.526°W], Middle Fk Mokelumne R, 5.x. 1985, 730 m, PHA (1 ♁, 3 ♀, USNM); Contra Costa Co., Las Trampas Regional Wilderness [37.82°N 122.05°W], 4.iv.1978, DDW (2 ♁, 3 ♀, CAS); El Dorado Co., Riverton, South Fk American R, 983 m, 38°46′15.2″N 120°26′53.45″W, 31.v.2009, BJS (1 ♀, CNC); Fresno Co., Kings R., Garnet [36.869°N 119.030°W], 20.v.1985, JFM (1 ♁, CNC); Los Angeles Co., W Fk San Gabriel R, along Hwy 39 [34.241°N 117.868°W], 2 mi. S Coldbrook Stn, 25.iv.1977, DDW (62 ♁, 72 ♀, CAS; 1 ♁, USNM); same data except, 6–7.iv.1977 (57 ♁, 74 ♀, CAS, 1 ♀, USNM); Monterey Co., Los Padres NF, Antonio R [ca. 35.821°N 121.314°W], below Escondido, 22.v.1977, DDW (12 ♁, 20 ♀, CAS); Napa Co., Hwy 29 [38.655°N 122.605°W], Mtn Mill House, 12 km N Calistoga, 11.vi.1988, 475– 550 m, PHA (1 ♀, USNM); Palm Springs [33°49′N 116°32′W], 19–22.xi.1943, ALM (2 ♁, USNM); Riverside Co., Agua Caliente Ind. Res. [33.839°N 116.609°W], Palm Canyon, 25.ii.1970, PHA (1 ♁, USNM); San Diego Co., San Luis Rey Cpgd [33.274°N 116.851°W], 28vi.1968, PHA (2 ♀, CAS); Tulare Co., Ash Mtn. [36.491°N 118.831°W], Stn. 3, 23.ix.1995, JFM (1 ♁, CNC); Tuolumne Co., Lost Claim Cpgd [37.820°N 120.051°W], nr Groveland Ranger Stn, 5–6.vii. 1967, 975 m, PHA (1 ♁, USNM); Tuolumne Co., Sullivan Ck above Phoenix Lk [38.006°, -120.316°], 2500 ft, UV-light, 29.vi.–15.vii.1989, B. Quelvog (♀, CNC). New Mexico: Catron Co., Gila NF, Whitewater Ck Canyon [33°22′N 108°50′W], 30.v.1991, BJS (4 ♁, CNC); Catron Co., 1.5 km E Glenwood, Whitewater Ck [33°18′N 108°53′W], 30.v.1991, BJS (9 ♁, CNC); Grant Co., Grapevine Cpgd, 33°10.8′N 108°12.4′W, 6000 ft, Gila River, 15.viii.2007, JCM, CNC103468–472 (2 ♁, 3 ♀, barcoded, CNC). Recognition. This species is very similar in colour to R. chillcotti sp. nov. and females appear to be indistinguishable from the latter. Males are distinguished by base of M 1 and M 2 ranging from short to long coalescence, eight short, slender dorsocentral setae, prescutellar depression without pruinescence and clasping cercus narrow, recurved, with stout apical setae. Redescription. Wing length 3.4–4.1 mm. Male. Face and gena with bluish pubescence. Ocellar setae divergent, weak, shorter than pprn; vertical seta weak and short as ocellar seta. Antenna with short stylus, longer than length of postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, shortly prolonged apically. Length of proboscis four-fifths head height. Pleura with blue pruinescence (Fig. 10); prescutellar depression without pruinescence; several acr, very short, confined to anterior to first pair of dc; 8 dc, slender, weak, prescutellar seta stronger; 1 pprn; 1 presut spal with several setulae; 2 npl with several anterior setulae; 0 psut spal; 1 pal; 2 sctl and numerous short to long setulae on disc and margin, outer and inner marginal setulae often nearly half length of apical seta; laterotergite with patch of pale setae; antepronotum with several setulae; lower proepisternum with pale setae. Wing infuscate; cell dm pointed apically, with base of M 1 and M 2 coalesced basally for short to long distance, subequal in length to crossvein dm-m. Legs dark brown; coxae with bluish pruinescence. Hind tibia with distinct ventral setae, longer than half width of tibia. Abdominal tergites dark brown, with bluish pruinescence; bearing short black setae. Terminalia (Fig. 29): Hypandrium slightly longer than epandrium, apex rounded; without setae. Phallus slightly curved; membranous distiphallus with pair of elongate, narrow lateral extensions, bearing short, apical sclerotized plates. Cercal plate with several long setae; clasping cercus digitiform, arched posteriorly, with rounded apex; stout, thickened setae along inner apical face and base with narrower inner setae. Female. Similar to male. Distribution. This species is known from Arizona, California and New Mexico (Fig. 34). Remarks. Roederiodes wirthi is sympatric with R. chillcotti sp. nov. in New Mexico, often collected along the same creeks, and in these regions females are indistinguishable.Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, Revision of New World species of Roederiodes Coquillett (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae), pp. 336-364 in Zootaxa 5301 (3) on pages 359-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/803050
Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski 1982
No full textHydrellia wirthi Korytkowski 1982 (Figs.: 4.5, 14.1–14.8 and 15) Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski, 1982: 2 (description of male and female; biology; host plants). Holotype male, Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruíz Gallo, Chiclayo, Peru (not located). Type-locality: Peru, Lambayeque, Ferreñafe (6 ° 20 '0''S, 79 ° 30 '0''W *); Mathis et al. 2006 (redescription; pest in United States); Pantoja et al. 1993: 1820–1823 (pest in Colombia); Pantoja & Salazar 1993: 378–379 (ovipositional preference); Salazar et al. 1993: 38–40 (biology); Mathis & Zatwarnicki 1995: 94 (world catalog). Diagnosis. Body length of male 1.91–2.22 mm; female 2.40–2.46 mm; fronto-orbital plate often dark brown or black, contrasting with olivaceous gray to tan microtomentose frontal vitta and essentially concolorous frontoorbits; antenna mostly grayish dark brown to black; scape grayish dark brown; pedicel more densely grayish brown microtomentose dorsally, bearing 1 distinct spine like setae dorsally and 1 well-developed setula behind this; first flagellomere light grayish black, with dense, short, sparse, pale microtomentum dorsoapically; 6–8 dorsal rays; face narrow, in lateral view nearly vertical with only slightly distinct dorsomedial elevation and indistinct antennal grooves; facial color in anterior view varying, light tan or silvery white microtomentose; 5–7 (usually 6) primary facial setae, sometimes with a minute, shallowly declinate secondary facial setula dorsally; dorsocentral setae 0+ 1; postpronotum and notopleuron mostly concolorous, light bluish gray microtomentose, contrasting with grayish brown to brown microtomentose scutum and scutellum; anteroventral margin of notopleuron, especially around base of anterior seta grayish brown to brown (fig. 4.5); pleuron and lateral margins of abdomen light bluish gray or light gray microtomentose (fig. 4.5); ctenidial setae along anteroventral margin of forefemur well developed; trochanters, femorotibial joints, and most of tarsi light to dark yellow, becoming brown apically; surstylus with a deep, narrow, medial sulcus on apical half and a smaller, lateral cleft forming a lateral, narrow process (fig. 14.1 and 14.7), in lateral view with a prominent, elongate keel-like carina at merger of surstylus on basal half (fig. 14.8). Description. Head: fronto-orbital plate often dark brown or black, contrasting with olivaceous gray to tan microtomentose frontal vitta and essentially concolorous fronto-orbits; postocellar setae usually three times length of ocellar seta; antenna mostly grayish dark brown to black; scape black; pedicel more densely microtomentose dorsally, bearing 1 distinct spine like setae dorsally and 1 well-developed setula behind this; pedicel bearing 2–3 well-developed ventral setulae; first flagellomere light grayish black to black with dense, short, sparse pale microtomentum dorsoapically; 6–8 dorsal rays; face in lateral view nearly vertical with dorsal medial elevation only slightly distinct and with indistinct antennal grooves; facial color in anterior view varying, usually with shiny, silvery white microtomentum but sometimes light tan; lunule concolorous with face; parafacial narrow, very thin dorsad of midfacial height, concolorous with face, becoming wider ventrally onto light gray microtomentose gena; 5–7 primary facial setae, sometimes with a minute shallowly declinate dorsal secondary facial setula; maxillary palpus light yellow, somewhat roundly spatulate and with usually 4–5 dark setulae; gena, postgena and occiput light bluish gray, 1 genal seta, rarely with 1 postgenal setula well developed; epistomal ratio: 1.83–2.34; mesofacial ratio: 2.44–3.74; vertex ratio: 6.49–7.88; eye-to-gena ratio: 6.45–7.76; head ratio: 1.16–1.33. Thorax: postpronotum and notopleuron mostly concolorous, light bluish gray microtomentose, contrasting with grayish brown to brown microtomentose scutum and scutellum; anteroventral margin of notopleuron, especially around base of anterior seta grayish brown to brown (fig. 4.5); pleuron and lateral margins of abdomen light bluish gray or light gray microtomentose (fig. 4.5); dorsocentral setae 0+ 1; 1 mesokatepisternal seta; 1 postpronotal seta. Wings: length 2.20–2.64 mm; hyaline; veins light yellowish brown; knob of halter light yellow, stem orange yellow; costal sections indices: II/I: 2.33–2.50; III/IV: 2.66–3.17; V/IV: 3.21–4.01; vein M ratio: 3.64– 4.63. Legs: light gray or bluish gray microtomentose; trochanters, femorotibial joints, and most of tarsi light to dark yellow, becoming brown apically; apices of fore tibia and sometimes mid and hind tibiae dark yellow to brown; ctenidial setae along anteroventral margin of forefemur well developed. Abdomen: tergites in posterodorsal view subshiny, grayish brown microtomentose, light gray to bluish gray microtomentose laterally and ventrally; anterodorsal corners of syntergite 1 + 2 to tergite 5 grayish brown microtomentose when in lateral view. Male terminalia: sternite 5 attached with anterior margin of hypandrium, each lateral arm deeply cleft, forming a medial, narrow, elongate, shallowly sinuous process bearing apical setulae (figs. 14.1 and 14.7); epandrium forming an inverted U around cerci (fig. 14.1); surstylus with a deep, narrow, medial sulcus on apical half and a smaller, lateral cleft forming a lateral, narrow process, in lateral view with a prominent, elongate keel-like carina at merger of surstylus on basal half; postsurstylus in ventral view generally narrowly triangular, elongate, apex with medial, tooth-like, robust seta (figs. 14.1 and 14.7); pregonite simple, rodlike (figs. 14.1 and 14.2); aedeagus in ventral view very slightly tapered from base to apex, apex moderately rounded (fig. 14.3), in lateral view with base narrow, shallowly curved, thereafter expanded toward broad apex with a pointed, recurved, anteroapical process (fig. 14.4); phallapodeme in lateral view shallowly bifurcate at attachment to hypandrium, narrowly rounded at attachment with base of aedeagus (fig. 14.6), in ventral view greatly expanded laterally, flange-like at aedeagal terminus, bifurcate at hypandrial terminus (fig. 14.5). Female terminalia: tergite 5 as long as wide, tapered laterally, posterior margin very obtusely pointed to broadly rounded, other posterior tergites mostly retracted within fifth; sternite 5 more or less rectangular, about twice as long as wide; tergite 6 wide, with lateral extensions becoming wider; sternite 6 slightly wider than long, roundly quadrate; tergite 7 about half as wide as tergite 6, very short; sternite 7 three times wider than long, transversely strap-like, lateral margins slightly curved posteriorly; eighth tergite forming an inverted U around cerci; tergite 8 divided, as two ovate sclerites at lateral margins of hypoproct; hypoproct small, as large as wide; ventral receptacle with cap cupuliform, higher than wide, extended process J-shaped in lateral view. Material examined. Brazil. Pará. Furo do Jurupari (2 ° 40 '0''S, 52 ° 59 '0''W *), X. 1970. Exp. Perm. Amaz. (1 male; MZUSP). Paraná, Bocaiúva do Sul (25 ° 14.9 'S, 49 ° 8.9 'W; 890 m), 2–4.XI. 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1 male, 1 female; MNRJ). Paraná, Foz do Iguaçú (25 ° 30.1 'S, 54 ° 32.4 'W), 26.VIII. 2000, D. and W. N. Mathis (1 male; USNM). Santa Catarina. Nova Teutônia (27 ° 11 'S, 52 ° 23 'E; 300–500 m), X. 1970; Fritz Plaumann (1 female; MZUSP). Distribution. Nearctic: United States (Louisiana, Texas). Neotropical: Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru and Brazil (Pará, Paraná and Santa Catarina). Notes. Hydrellia wirthi is recorded for the first time from Brazil. Korytkowski (1982) and Mathis et al. (2006) illustrated sternite 5 of H. wirthi as V-shaped, but in Brazilian specimens it has another shape once it is partially separated from hypandrium, as in figs. 14.1 and 14.2, with the dorsal half similar to H. griseola. This species is morphologically very similar to others from griseola species group recorded from Brazil, mainly H. vilelai sp. nov. and H. simplex sp. nov., being necessary the analyses of male or female terminalia to distinguish them.Published as part of Júnior, Francisco De Assis Rodrigues, Mathis, Wayne Nielsen & Couri, Márcia Souto, 2014, Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil with an emphasis on the faunas from the states of Parana and Rio de Janeiro, pp. 501-541 in Zootaxa 3753 (6) on pages 519-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22673
Paracoenia (Paracoenia) wirthi Mathis
No full text5. <i>Paracoenia (Paracoenia) wirthi</i> Mathis <p>Figs. 27–34, Map 5</p> <p> <i>Paracoenia (Paracoenia) wirthi</i> Mathis 1975: 78 [United States. California. Inyo: Tecopa Hot Springs (1.6 km N); HT ♂, CAS (12033)].— Mathis 1980: 9 –11 [revision].— Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 251 [world catalog].</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is distinguished from congeners, especially <i>P. bisetosa,</i> by the following combination of characters: Medium-sized shore flies, body length 3.12–3.65 mm; subshiny dorsally, bluish green to green metallic luster.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Figs. 27–28): Mesofrons greenish blue, shiny; fronto-orbital areas dark brown, microtomentose to subshiny. Face densely microtomentose, grayish tank, dorsum of facial hump slightly darker than face, grayer; paravertical setae shorter than their distance apart; gena-to-eye ratio 0.30; eye ratio 0.64, height-to-length ratio 0.91; eye-width-to-face-length ratio 0.44.</p> <p> <i>Thorax:</i> Mesonotum (Fig. 29) with anterior area slightly microtomentose, becoming subshiny to shiny posteriorly; acrostichal setulae in 3–4 rows anteriorly, becoming irregular, 5–6 rows posteriorly. Mesopleuron with more subdued coloration than mesonotum, mostly olivaceous gray. Wing nearly transparent to faintly brown.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen:</i> Concolorous with mesonotum; digitiform lateral process of male tergite 5 elongate, acutely pointed apically; male sternite 5 (Fig. 34) broadly U-shaped with posteriorly extended arms oriented posteriorly, acutely pointed, anterior margin somewhat truncate, posterior margin moderately deeply emarginate. Male terminalia (Figs. 30–32): Surstylus in posterior view with base robustly developed, width 3X apical width, thereafter abruptly narrowed with apical extension narrowly digitiform; medial triangular process less than half length of surstylar arm, not cleft apicomedially; gonite more or less triangular, sider basally, apical half tapered, apex digitiform, apex rounded. Female ventral receptacle as in Fig. 33 with large, mushroom-like operculum.</p> <p> <b>MAP 5.</b> Distribution map for <i>Paracoenia wirthi</i> Mathis.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> The holotype male is labeled “ USA. CALIF. Inyo Co 1 mi N Tecopa Hot Spg 24 June 1974 [,] Wayne N. Mathis/ HOLOTYPE <i>Paracoenia wirthi</i> Mathis [red; 12033].” Allotype and 21 paratypes (7♂, 14♀; CAS, USNM) bear the same label data as the holotype. Other paratypes as listed in Mathis (1975:78). The holotype male is double mounted (minute nadel), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the CAS (12033).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> United States. California. Inyo: Tecopa Hot Springs (1.6 km N; 35°52.7'N, 116°13.9'W); HT ♂, CAS (12033).</p> <p> <b>Other specimens examined.</b> <i>MEXICO. Baja California:</i> Guadalupe Canyon (32°09.3'N, 115°47.4'W), 19 May 1957, F. X. Williams (1♂, 3♀; CAS). <i>Distrito Federal:</i> Mixquic, Chalco Lake (9 km NW; 19°15.5'N, 98°58.6'W), 1 Aug 1965, K. R. Valley (4♂, 16♀; CAS, USNM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Map 5). Nearctic: United States (California). Neotropical: Mexico (Baja California, Distrito Federal).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species is similar to <i>P. bi s pi no s a</i> but is slightly smaller in body length and less setulose. The ventral margin of the male sternite five is broadly U-shaped, and the connecting bridge is wide; the male tergite five is produced into an acutely pointed process; and the surstylus is more robustly developed basally, and the distal surstylar extensions are narrowly digitiform; the gonite is narrowed toward the apex, and the apex is digitiform, apically rounded.</p>Published as part of <i>Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane, 2016, Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 4116 (1)</i> on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/257322">http://zenodo.org/record/257322</a>
Control químico de Hydrellia wirthi L. (Diptera: Ephydridae) y su efecto colateral sobre larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda, en el cultivo de arroz en Lambayeque
No full textEl presente estudio se realizó entre los meses de marzo y abril de 2017, en un
campo de arroz cultivar IR 43, de 20 hás de extensión, ubicado en el Fundo El
Ciénago de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo de Lambayeque, ubicado
en la provincia de Lambayeque. El diseño estadístico empleado fue el de bloques
completos al azar (BCA) con 09 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones.
El experimento se instaló el 10 de marzo de 2017. Las evaluaciones para daños
de Hydrellia wirthi L. y de S. frugiperda se realizaron cada tres días después del
trasplante hasta cuando H. wirthi infestó el campo. En cada parcela en la parte
central se tomó una muestra de un metro cuadrado, donde se contó el número de
larvas y macollos con daños frescos de Hydrellia wirthi y S. frugiperda.
La primera aplicación se realizó el 24 de marzo de 2017, se evaluó un día antes
de la primera aplicación, luego cada tres días hasta los nueve días de la
aplicación. La segunda aplicación se hizo el 04 de abril de 2017, se evaluó antes
de la aplicación y luego cada tres días hasta los 15 días después de la aplicación.
Ya no se continuaron con las evaluaciones porque las hojas comenzaron a
tornarse coriáceas debido básicamente a que el riego programado no se realizó
oportunamente debido a la escasez de agua, por lo que el campo experimental ya
no fue reinfestado por H. wirthi.
En ambos ensayos se empleó Silwet L-77 a la dosis de 50 ml/cil. como un
coadyuvante, que a la misma vez ayudó a reducir la tensión superficial del agua.
Antes de cada aplicación se realizó una prueba en blanco para calcular el
volumen de agua a emplearse por hectárea
Microepicausta wirthi Mcalpine 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Microepicausta wirthi</i> sp. nov. <p>http: //zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ CF393AE4-A085-4984-855E-119CE53976BC</p> <p>Figs 8–12</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b> ♂. New South Wales: Nullica Beach, near Eden [37°06'S 149°53'E], 17.xi.1997, R.M., D.K.M., on <i>Spinifex</i> [presumably <i>S. sericeus</i>] (AM K.504393). Glued to card mount. <b>Paratypes</b>. New South Wales: same data as holotype, 20♂♂, 14♀♀ (AM), 4♂♂, 5♀♀ (USNM); Nadgee [37°28'S 149°58'E], Jan. 1967, J.W. 2♂♂, 1♀ (AM); Merimbula, Jan. 1960 –1966, K.R.N., 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (ANIC); Narooma, Jan. 1963, Z.L. 1♂, 1♀, (AM), 2♂♂ (ANIC).</p> <p> <i>Other material examined</i> (localities only given). New South Wales: Red Rock, near Woolgoolga (AM); North Beach, Bellinger River (AM); Nambucca Heads (ANIC); Camden Head, near Harrington (AM); Toukley (ANIC); Terrigal (ANIC); Turimetta Beach, near Sydney (AM); Dee Why, near Sydney (Fig. 13, AM, USNM); Durras, near Bateman’s Bay (ANIC); Broulee (ANIC). Queensland: Queen’s Bay, Bowen (ANIC); Yeppoon (ANIC); Broadbeach, Gold Coast (ANIC). Tasmania: Stumpy’s Beach, Mount William National Park (AM); Ironhouse Point, near Falmouth (AM). SouthAustralia: vicinity of beach, Victor Harbour (AM).</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (♂, ♀). Elongate rather small fly, of pale colour for genus, due to extensive whitish pruinescence on much of otherwise largely dark thoracic cuticle.</p> <p> <i>Coloration</i> (geographically variable). Head largely yellow with white bristles and setulae; fronto-orbital plates broadly white-pruinescent; frontal triangle forming brown-black spot surrounding ocelli, often larger and more distinct in males; upper occipital region with extensive dark brown cuticular zone, covered with dense greyish white pruinescence; facial carina often partly brownish. Antennal segment 1 yellow; segment 2 yellowish brown (female) to dark brown (typical males); segment 3 greyblack (typical males) or partly yellowish (typical females); arista brown. Palpus yellow; prelabrum brownish, usually paler in females. Thorax typically with shining black ground colour and extensive covering of dense grey-white pruinescence, often more extensive in female, dorsally usually with paired black markings, more developed in males than females; sternopleuron typically with broad shining blackish central zone, and pale pruinescent zones on dorsal and ventromedian margins; scutellum with variable extent of pale dorsal pruinescence, often more developed in female. Wing transparent, without darker markings or shading; veins largely yellowish; distal parts of costa and veins 3 and 4 brown; setulae on vein 1 all pale; halter yellow. Legs yellowish, extensively variegated with brown, more so in males, particularly those of southern populations.Abdominal tergites and sternites shining black or brown-black, with whitish setulae; pleural membrane largely yellowish.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> in profile c. as long as high, with postfrons forming acute angle with face; eye small for genus, less than twice as high as cheek; facial carina narrow but elevated, with rounded summit. Antennae in male large, extending at least to lower margin of face; arista bare. Prelabrum much reduced, not prominent in profile; palpus moderately short.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> elongate; mesoscutum extensively haired, humeral callus less so; scutellum almost semicircular in dorsal outline, with long but not dense dorsal hairs; mesopleuron, pteropleuron, and much of sternopleuron with numerous hairs. Femora armed as in <i>M. fenestra</i>; mid tibia with one large terminal ventral spur. Wing as in Fig. 12; membrane entirely microtrichose.</p> <p> <i>Male postabdomen</i>. Outer surstylus moderately broad, sheathing, simple in shape, its apex very slightly exceeding that of inner surstylus, with sparse minute setulae; inner surstylus with one sharply acuminate apical prensiseta and one short compact prensiseta on anterior surface far from apex; aedeagus with simple glans, lacking sclerotized bulb and associated process; terminal filament moderately long and tapering.</p> <p> before urbanization of the area, shows a typical habitat for <i>Microepicausta</i> species: sandy and close to the seashore</p> <p> <i>Female postabdomen</i> distally very slender; aculeus very small, attenuated, not dorsoventrally compressed, not tapered distally.</p> <p> <i>Dimensions.</i> Total length, ♂ 3.5–6.0 mm, ♀ 3.9–5.4 mm; length of thorax, ♂ 1.1–1.9 mm, ♀ 1.4–2.0 mm; length of wing, ♂ 2.9–4.1 mm, ♀ 3.5–4.6 mm; length of glans of aedeagus 0.20 mm.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. East coast of Queensland and New South Wales from Bowen district southwards; Tasmania—east coast as far south as Falmouth district; South Australianear Victor Harbour. The species is evidently restricted to sandy habitats near the sea-shore (see, for example, Dee Why before urbanization, coastal New South Wales near Sydney, early twentieth century, Fig. 13). Although we have no material from Victoria, I consider it probable that the species lives in that state.</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>. <i>Microepicausta wirthi</i> is distinguished from other species of the genus by the extensive dense whitish pruinescence covering most of the black thoracic cuticle, and the entirely pale cephalic and thoracic bristles. The anteriorly pointed head-profile, the small eyes, and reduced prelabrum are also distinctive.</p> <p>The specific epithet refers to Willis W. Wirth, formerly of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., who drew my attention to this species when visiting Australia in 1957.</p> <p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. John C. Martin produced the photographic illustrations. Helen M. Smith gave much help in organizing the manuscript. Daniel F. Bickel, Russel Cox and Shane F. McEvey gave general support. Names of collectors are given in the Introduction.</p>Published as part of <i>Mcalpine, David K., 2019, Review of the Australian Signal Flies of the Genus Microepicausta (Diptera: Platystomatidae), pp. 95-104 in Records of the Australian Museum 71 (3)</i> on pages 100-104, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1675, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3838122">http://zenodo.org/record/3838122</a>
Epinicium In Honorem Clariß. & Praestantiß. Virorum D. Hieremiae Greineri, D. Joan. Georgi[i] Wirthi[i], D. Georgi[i] Weidemanni, Caes. Et Pont. Iur. Doctorum, D. Hermanni Scheidmanni, S. Sigismundi Melanchthonis, I.U.Q. Licentiatorum : Quum Athenis Helveticis, sorte sic locati, Magno suo merito inaugurentur
No full textDiagnóstico del cultivo de Oryza sativa L. en Puente Ochape - La Libertad
No full textLa presente investigación se realizó en el sector de Puente Ochape ubicado en el distrito de Cascas, provincia Gran Chimú en La Libertad, entre los meses de julio y octubre 2015, siendo el objetivo principal realizar el diagnóstico del cultivo de Oryza sativa.L. La metodología consistió en la observación en campo y aplicación de encuestas a los productores de arroz de la zona con la finalidad de recabar la información sobre el manejo agronómico del cultivo. Se determinó que en el sector de Puente Ochape, los agricultores que se dedican a cultivar arroz lo hace en base a experiencia propia, sin asesoramiento técnico, la mayor parte de ellos no emplea semilla certificada por lo que obtienen bajos rendimientos; las variedades que más siembran son INIA 502-Pitipo, IR-43,Viflor y Tinajones. Las plagas que se presentan en la zona son Spodoptera frugiperda, Hidrella wirthi, Rupella albinella y Chironomus Xanthus; en lo referente a enfermedades con mayor incidencia falso carbón (Ustilaginoidea virens) y quemado o piriculariosis (Pyriculria grisea). Las malezas frecuentes en los campos evaluados fueron: Cyperus diformis, Echinochloa crusgalli y Leptochloa uninervia. Emplean medidas de control químico recomendados por las casas de venta de agroquímicos. Los rendimientos por hectárea en la zona oscilan entre 4500 a 4750 kilos y el precio en campo (chacra) por saco de 50 kilos es de S/.130.00 nuevos soles.ABSTRACT
This research was conducted in Puente Ochape located in the district of Cascas, Gran Chimu province in La Libertad, between July and October 2015, the main objective was diagnose the cultivation of Oryza sativa.L. The methodology consisted of field observation and survey application to rice farmers in the area in order to gather information on the agronomic management crop. It was determined that in the area of Puente Ochape, farmers engaged in growing rice it based on expertise, most of them do not use certified seed for it obtained low yields; that varieties growing are INIA 502-Pitipo, IR-43, Viflor and Tinajones. The pests that occur in the area are Spodoptera frugiperda, Hidrella wirthi, Rupella albinella and Chironomus xanthus; in relation to diseases more incidence the false coal (Ustilaginoidea virens) and burned or piriculariosis (Pyriculria grisea). The common weeds in fields were: Cyperus diformis, Echinochloa crus-galli and Leptochloa uninervia. The chemical products that employ are recommended by the houses of sale of agrochemicals Yields per hectare in the area range from 4500-4750 kilos and the price in field (farm)
per bag of 50 kilos is S / .130.00
Infestación y control químico de insectos plagas en almacigo de Oryza sativa L. en Guadalupe, La Libertad,2023
No full textEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la infestación y el control químico de insectos plagas en almácigos de Oryza sativa L. en el sector Semán, distrito de Guadalupe, La Libertad, durante el año 2023. El diseño de la experiencia correspondió a una investigación no experimental de tipo transversal explicativa, para lo cual se utilizó las técnicas de recolección de datos a la encuesta y su instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario. Se identificaron como principales plagas a Hydrellia wirthi (mosquilla), Spodoptera frugiperda (gusano cogollero), Chironomus xanthus (gusano rojo) y Tagosodes orizicolus (sogata del arroz). La infestación afectó entre el 60% y el 100% de las plantas en la fase de plántula, ocasionando daños en hojas, raíces y tallos, que comprometieron la densidad y vigor de las plántulas. Para su control, los agricultores utilizaron mayoritariamente combinaciones de insecticidas como Emamectin benzoato + Lufenurón y Thiametoxam + Alfacipermetrina, aplicados en su mayoría tres veces con un intervalo de 12 días. El costo más frecuente por 400 m² fue de S/. 300.00, evidenciando un manejo fitosanitario homogéneo. Se concluye que existe una alta presión de plagas en almácigos y una fuerte dependencia del control químico, recomendándose implementar monitoreo técnico, capacitación en uso racional de plaguicidas y estrategias de manejo integrado para una producción más sostenible.ABSTRACT
The present study aims to describe the infestation and chemical control of pest insects in seedlings of Oryza sativa L. in the Semán sector, Guadalupe district, La Libertad, during the year 2023. The design of the experience corresponded to a non-experimental explanatory cross-sectional study, for which data collection techniques were used through surveys, and the data collection instrument was the questionnaire. The main pests identified were Hydrellia wirthi (leaf miner), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Chironomus xanthus (red worm), and Tagosodes orizicolus (rice planthopper). The infestation affected between 60% and 100% of the plants in the seedling stage, causing damage to leaves, roots, and stems, which compromised the density and vigor of the seedlings. For its control, farmers predominantly used combinations of insecticides such as Emamectin benzoate + Lufenuron and Thiamethoxam + Alfacipermetrina, applied mostly three times at intervals of 12 days. The most common cost for 400 m² was S/. 300.00, evidencing a homogeneous plant health management. It is concluded that there is high pest pressure in nurseries and a strong dependence on chemical control, recommending the implementation of technical monitoring, training in the rational use of pesticides, and integrated management strategies for more sustainable production
Life history traits of marine Diptera in the Nearctic Pacific
No full textThe generally accepted paradigm maintains that insects are either freshwater or terrestrial, but never marine. Recent research, however, has shown that there are insects adapted to a life within the marine intertidal zone. This study provides evidence of adaptations to specific morphodynamic marine shoreline habitats, including stranded marine algal wrack, surface-substrate cover, and geographical location, amongst 33 species of British Columbia Diptera reported from marine habitats. A total of 2,123 specimens were collected and identified from 96 survey events that also included surveys of algal wrack. Of the 33 marine species examined, 15 demonstrated a statistically significant association with a specific shoreline habitat element. In marine Diptera, variation in algal wrack type may play an important role in maintaining diversity by supporting species differences within and between wrack communities, thereby preventing competitive exclusion, even though overall insect diversity in marine environments remain lower than freshwater or strictly terrestrial habitats. In addition, nine species represent new range records for British Columbia or Canada: Fucellia apicalis Kertesz, 1908, Fucellia thinobia (Thomson, 1869), Tethina horripilans (Melander, 1952), Melanderia mandibulata Aldrich, 1922, Paraphrosylus wirthi (Harmston, 1951), Helcomyza mirabilis Melander, 1920, Heterocheila hannai (Cole, 1921), Chersodromia parallela (Melander, 1927), Scathophaga litorea (Fallén, 1819).The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Parascatopse
No full textParascatopse sp. (Fig. 11). Material examined. 20 males, 15 females. MEXICO: Yucatan, Ria Lagartos Reserve, Peten, 31 -VIII- 1995, Malaise trap (1 female); 1 -IX- 1995 (1 female); coastal dune, 18 -III- 1995, (18 males). Ria Celestun Reserve, mangrove, near to DUMAC, Malaise trap, 5 -IX- 1996, (13 females), near to Ecoparaiso, 28 -III- 1996, (2 males); CNC, HH, RPR, SIB, cols. Comments. Parascatopse wirthi Cook (1955: 363) is known from Florida, USA. In the original description of this species, the author refered to the figure of the male terminalia (Cook, 1955: 361, Plate IV-A). Specimens from Yucatan have some characteristics which are similar to those of P. w i r t h i Cook; nevertheless, there are some differences in the male terminalia, principally the shape of aedeagus and gonocoxite (Fig. 11) It is necessary to examine the type material of P. w i r t h i Cook, to determine if the Yucatan specimens are conespecific or a different new species.Published as part of Huerta, Herón & Ibáñez-Bernal, Sergio, 2008, New records of Scatopsidae (Diptera) from southeastern Mexico, and descriptions of new species of Swammerdamella Enderlein and Colobostema Enderlein, pp. 57-65 in Zootaxa 1720 on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18111
