14 research outputs found
Эффективное управление текущими активами как одна из важнейших целей предприятия
No full textНеобходимость изучения эффективного управления текущими активами предприятий обусловлена основной целями деятельности коммерческих предприятий – оптимизация себестоимости выпускаемой продукции, ускорение оборачиваемости активов и максимизация прибыли. Раскрыта актуальность темы, приведены риски, возникающие при нерациональном управлении текущими активами предприятия
Evaluation of the pharmacological activity of hybrid organotin compounds in a B16 melanoma model in the classical and metronomic administration modes
No full textIn modern medical chemistry, much attention is paid to the search for new antimetastatic agents based on metal compounds. Organotin compounds promise to be good candidates as the treatment of malignant neoplasms. In order to reduce a possible nonspecific toxic effect of tin compounds and to expand the intended therapeutic use, the paper presents hybrid tin (IV) complexes with Sn-S bond containing a fragment of 2,6-di-tert-butylpheno
Results of bone regenerate study after osteosynthesis with bioinert and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive implants in experimental femoral neck fractures (experimental study)
No full textObjective - to analyze the results of X-ray, cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry experimental studies of bone regenerates after osteosynthesis with bioinert and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive implants. Material and methods. The study was conducted on experimental femoral neck fractures in rabbit males. Reparative osteogenesis processes were studied in groups of bioinert titanium implant osteosynthesis and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implant osteosynthesis. The animals were clinically followed-up during the postoperative period. X-ray, cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry studies of samples extracted from femoral bones were conducted over time on days 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60. The animal experiments were kept and treated according to recommendations of international standards, Helsinki Declaration on animal welfare and approved by the local ethics committee. All surgeries were performed under anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize the suffering of the animals. Results. In the animal group without femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis, femoral neck pseudoarthrosis was observed at the end of the experiment. The results of cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry studies conducted on day 60 of the experiment confirmed that the cellular composition of the bone regenerate in the group of calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implants corresponded to a more mature bone tissue than in the group of bioinert titanium implants. Conclusion. The results of the statistical analysis of cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry data show that the use of calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implants allows to achieve significantly earlier bone tissue regeneration.</jats:p
Results of bone regenerate study after osteosynthesis with bioinert and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive implants in experimental femoral neck fractures (experimental study)
No full textObjective - to analyze the results of X-ray, cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry experimental studies of bone regenerates after osteosynthesis with bioinert and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive implants. Material and methods. The study was conducted on experimental femoral neck fractures in rabbit males. Reparative osteogenesis processes were studied in groups of bioinert titanium implant osteosynthesis and calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implant osteosynthesis. The animals were clinically followed-up during the postoperative period. X-ray, cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry studies of samples extracted from femoral bones were conducted over time on days 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60. The animal experiments were kept and treated according to recommendations of international standards, Helsinki Declaration on animal welfare and approved by the local ethics committee. All surgeries were performed under anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize the suffering of the animals. Results. In the animal group without femoral neck fracture osteosynthesis, femoral neck pseudoarthrosis was observed at the end of the experiment. The results of cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry studies conducted on day 60 of the experiment confirmed that the cellular composition of the bone regenerate in the group of calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implants corresponded to a more mature bone tissue than in the group of bioinert titanium implants. Conclusion. The results of the statistical analysis of cytomorphometric and immunohistochemistry data show that the use of calcium phosphate-coated bioactive titanium implants allows to achieve significantly earlier bone tissue regeneration
Impact of organotin compounds on the growth of epidermoid Lewis carcinoma
No full textSearch for new compounds with a broad antitumor and antimetastatic potency due to multiple targeting remains important in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and oncology. We report the efficacy of hybrid organotin agents bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) dimethyltin (Ме3) and (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylthiolate) triphenyltin (Ме5
Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties
No full textCopyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Two series of organotin(IV) complexes with Sn–S bonds on the base of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (L1SH) of formulae Me2Sn(L1S)2 (1); Et2Sn(L1S)2 (2); Bu2Sn(L1S)2 (3); Ph2Sn(L1S)2 (4); (L1)2Sn(L1S)2 (5); Me3Sn(L1S) (6); Ph3Sn(L1S) (7) (L1 = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), together with the new ones [Me3SnCl(L2)] (8), [Me2SnCl2(L2)2] (9) (L2 = 2-(N-3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-iminomethylphenol) were used to study their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Novel complexes 8, 9 of MenSnCl4 − n (n = 3, 2) with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 8 was revealed, the Schiff base is coordinated to the tin(IV) atom by electrostatic interaction and formation of short contact Sn–O 2.805 Å. In the case of complex 9 the distorted octahedron coordination of Sn atom is formed. The antioxidant activity of compounds as radical scavengers and reducing agents was proved spectrophotometrically in tests with stable radical DPPH, reduction of Cu2+ (CUPRAC method) and interaction with superoxide radical-anion. Moreover, compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on eight human cancer cell lines. A high activity against all cell lines with IC50 values 60–160 nM was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7, while the introduction of Schiff base decreased the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The influence on mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability for the compounds 8 and 9 has been studied. It is shown that studied complexes depolarize the mitochondria but don't influence the calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition
Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties
No full textCopyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Two series of organotin(IV) complexes with Sn–S bonds on the base of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (L1SH) of formulae Me2Sn(L1S)2 (1); Et2Sn(L1S)2 (2); Bu2Sn(L1S)2 (3); Ph2Sn(L1S)2 (4); (L1)2Sn(L1S)2 (5); Me3Sn(L1S) (6); Ph3Sn(L1S) (7) (L1 = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), together with the new ones [Me3SnCl(L2)] (8), [Me2SnCl2(L2)2] (9) (L2 = 2-(N-3′,5′-di-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-iminomethylphenol) were used to study their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Novel complexes 8, 9 of MenSnCl4 − n (n = 3, 2) with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 8 was revealed, the Schiff base is coordinated to the tin(IV) atom by electrostatic interaction and formation of short contact Sn–O 2.805 Å. In the case of complex 9 the distorted octahedron coordination of Sn atom is formed. The antioxidant activity of compounds as radical scavengers and reducing agents was proved spectrophotometrically in tests with stable radical DPPH, reduction of Cu2+ (CUPRAC method) and interaction with superoxide radical-anion. Moreover, compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on eight human cancer cell lines. A high activity against all cell lines with IC50 values 60–160 nM was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7, while the introduction of Schiff base decreased the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The influence on mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability for the compounds 8 and 9 has been studied. It is shown that studied complexes depolarize the mitochondria but don't influence the calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition
The antioxidant 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butylphenol moiety attenuates the pro-oxidant properties of the auranofin analogue
No full textMetal-based drugs are gaining momentum as a rapidly developing area of medicinal inorganic chemistry.</p
Propolyxenus argentifer Short & Vahtera & Wesener & Golovatch 2020, new combination
No full text<i>Propolyxenus argentifer</i> (Verhoeff, 1921) new combination <p>Figs 2–4; Map Fig. 1</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus sokolowi</i> (sic!, nomen nudum) <i>—</i> Sokolow, 1918: 1 (R).</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus argentifer</i> Verhoeff, 1921: 47 (D).</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus ponticus</i> (?) (sic!)— Brolemann, 1921: 160.</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus Sokolowi</i> Lignau, 1924: 193, 197 (D), <b>syn. n.</b></p> <p> <i>Polyxenus sokolowi—</i> Kobakhidze, 1965: 390 (L, R); Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 381 (L, R); Talikadze, 1984: 143 (L, R).</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus trivittatus</i> Verhoeff, 1941a: 262 (D, R), <b>syn. n.</b></p> <p> <i>Polyxenus trivittatus</i> — Verhoeff, 1941b: 297 (D, R); 1943: 241 (L, R).</p> <p> <i>Polyxenus argentifer—</i> Lohmander, 1936: 166, 178 (L); Lang, 1959: 1789 (L); Kobakhidze, 1965: 390 (L, R); Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 381 (L, R); Talikadze, 1984: 143 (L, R); Kokhia and Golovatch, 2018: 38 (L, R).</p> <p> <i>? Polyxenus</i> sp.— Enghoff and Moravvej, 2005: 62 (L, R).</p> <p> <i>Propolyxenus trivittatus—</i> Condé and Nguyen Duy, 1971: 1257 (L).</p> <p> <i>Propolyxenus aegeus / trivittatus</i> (sic!)— Korobushkin <i>et al</i>., 2016: 20 (R).</p> <p> <i>Propolyxenus trivittatus</i> (sic!)— Enghoff, 2006: 177 (L, R); Chumachenko, 2016: 408 (R).</p> <p> Non <i>Polyxenus ponticus—</i> Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin and Geoffroy, 2003: 100 (D, L) (erroneously synonymized with <i>P. argentifer</i> Verhoeff, 1921).</p> <p> <i>Propolyxenus trivittatus—</i> Short and Vahtera, 2017: 7 (L).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>: <i>Propolyxenus trivittatus</i> Verhoeff, 1941 and <i>Polyxenus Sokolowi</i> Lignau, 1924 are here considered synonyms of <i>Propolyxenus argentifer</i> (Verhoeff, 1921).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>: Numerous males, females and juveniles of various stadia + slides.</p> <p> Lectotype (by present designation): adult male, whole mount on slide in Canada balsam, Azerbaijan, Lankaran, at the Caspian Sea, N38º45’, E48º51’, pre-1921, det. Verhoeff (ZSM /Myr-20031629). Paralectotypes (by present designation): determined by Verhoeff from the same location and time as lectotype and mounted in Canada bal-sam—male on two slides: anterior to 6 th tergite in 6 parts (ZSM /Myr-20031622:); posterior in 7 parts (ZSM /Myr- 20031623); 1 ex. in many parts (ZSM /Myr-20031625); Croatia, Abbazia (Opatija), N45º20’, E14º18’, pre-1921, leg. Verhoeff, mounted on slides in Canada balsam: 1 ex. in 3 parts (ZSM /Myr-20031624), 1 ex. sub-adult damaged (ZSM /Myr-20031628), 1 ex. damaged (ZSM /Myr-20031627); Romania, Herkulesbad, N44º52’, E22º24’, pre-1921, leg. Verhoeff, mounted on slides in Canada balsam: 1 ex. adult (ZSM /Myr-20031621), 1 female adult (ZSM /Myr- 20031626), poor condition. Topotypical material: 2 adult males (VNR 018339-1, VNR 018339-2), 3 adult females (VNR 018339-3, VNR 018339-4, VNR 018339-5), slide mounts; 31 mixed stadia in EtOH (VNR 018341-1): Azerbaijan, Talysh Mts, Lerik Rayon, Hyrcan Nature Reserve, Piran, northwestern town exit, pasture with single trees, under logs, stones, leaves, N38°44’2”, E48°38’38”, 26.III.2015, leg. H. Reip, D. Antić and F. Walther, deposited in SMNG.</p> <p> <b>Other material:</b> unless indicated, specimens listed are stored in 80% ethanol and form part of the collection from ZMUM. Only locality data from the Caucasus is given. <b>Crimea</b>, 13 ex.; damaged, Sokolinoe, Mt Sotira, part of Boiko Mtn Range, edge of <i>Pyrus</i> forest, 1100 m a.s.l., N44°30’, E34°0’, 3. V.2015, leg. O.L. Makarova. <b>Azerbaijan</b>, 1 ex.; Zakatali Nature Reserve, Zeltik, Belakan-chai River valley, 800 m a.s.l., N41°35’19”, E46°43’26”, 24. V.1981, leg. S. Golovatch and J. Martens; 10+ ex.; Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, Ordubad District, 4 km S of Bilav, old sparse <i>Salix</i> and <i>Paliurus</i> forest along river, in litter and logs, 1200 m a.s.l., N39°12’40”, E45° 24’38”, 23.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 7 ex.; Mountainous Karabakh, Dashalty by Shusha, <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i> forest, litter, logs, under stones, 1100–1300 m a.s.l., N39°43’34”, E46°50’27”, 1. V.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 3 ex.; Mountainous Karabakh, Askeran District, ca. 6 km WNW of Dashbulag, near Badara, <i>Quercus, Carpinus</i> etc. forest, 850–900 m a.s.l., N39°55’40”, E46°39’16”, 2. V.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 5 ex.; Nabran, ca. 30 km N of Khachmas, <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i> forest, under bark, 0 m, N41°45’, E48°41’, 21–22.IV.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 5 ex.; Khachmas District, Nabran, under bark, 0 m, N41°45’, E48°41’, 21–22.IV.1987, leg. S. Golovatch; 28 ex.; 5 km N of Kutkashen, <i>Fagus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i> forest, litter and rotten wood, 1150–1200 m a.s.l., N41°01’, E47°53’, 2. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 33 ex.; Chilisa ca. 7 km N of Kelbadjar, <i>Quercus, Carpinus, Acer</i> etc. forest, under bark, 1450–1500 m a.s.l., N40°06’, E46°02’, 31. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 3 ex.; Lesser Istisu halfway between Kelbadjar and Istisu, <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Acer</i> scrub on slope, litter, N40°00’, E45°59’, 31. V.1987, 1550 m a.s.l., S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 6 ex.; Nadirkhanly ca. 12 km NE of Kelbadjar, <i>Fraxinus</i> and <i>Juglans</i> stand, litter, 1200 m a.s.l., N40º08’, E46º09’, 1. VI.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 6 ex.; Drmbon (Heyvali), 30 km WSW of Mardakert, <i>Quercus, Carpinus, Acer</i> etc. forest, litter, 800–850 m a.s.l., N40°09’, E46°36’, 1– 2. VI.1987, S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 4 ex. on 2 slides (VNR 018340-1, VNR 018340-2); Goygol Rayon, N40°26’, E46°21’, 29.III.2015, leg. H. Reip, D. Antić and F. Walther (SMNG). <b>Armenia</b>, 30 ex.; Ararat District, Khosrov Nature Reserve, <i>Juniperus</i> with <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Crataegus</i>, along river, litter and under stones, 1450–1550 m a.s.l., N40°2’4”, E44°55’6”, 19–20.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 3 ex.; same locality, forest on slope, 1200–1900 m a.s.l., N40°2’59”, E44°52’6”, 12. V.1984, leg. V. Januschev; 4 ex.; Legvaz (Lehvaz) village ca. 4 km NNW Meghri, <i>Juglans</i> and <i>Quercus</i> shrub with <i>Paliurus</i> and <i>Rosa</i>, litter and under stones, 1000 m a.s.l., N38°56’24”, E46°13’40”, 24–25.IV.1983, S. Golovatch; 1 ex.; Kafan, under bark of log, N39°12’10”, E46°24’37”, 27.IV.1983, S. Golovatch; 2 ex.; Kafan District, Shikahoh Nature Reserve, Nerkin And (Nerkin Hand), old <i>Platanus</i> stand along river, litter, in rotten log, under stones, N39°3’8”, E46°24’46”, 30.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 2 ex.; Meghri District, SSE of Lichk, Meghri River valley, <i>Quercus</i> wood, litter, under stones, in rotten wood, 1530 m a.s.l., N39°1’17,” E46°13’7”, 25.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 2 ex.; Dilizhan (Dilijan) Nature Reserve, Agartsyn, <i>Fagus</i> forest, litter, in logs, under stones, 1250–1300 m a.s.l., N40°47’10”, E44°54’54”, 17.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 11 ex.; Meghri District, 6 km N of Shvanidzor, sparse <i>Quercus</i> forest, litter, under stones and bark, 1200–1300 m a.s.l., N38°59’35”, E46°21’47”, 24.IV.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 4 ex.; Idjevan (Ijevan) District, Tsaghkavan, <i>Quercus</i>, <i>Acer</i>, <i>Carpinus</i> etc. forest, litter and tree hole, 850–900 m a.s.l., N40°56’, E45°19’, 25. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 6 ex.; Gandakar, S of Idjevan, <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Cordylus</i> scrub, litter, 1000 m a.s.l., N40°50’, E45°09’, 28. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov. <b>Georgia</b>, 1 ex.; Thibani (Tibaani) near Tsnori, <i>Alnus</i> and <i>Crataegus</i> shrub, litter, N41°34’30”, E46°0’3”, 7. V.1983, leg, S. Golovatch; 12 ex.; Vashlovan(i) Nature Reserve, <i>Juniperus</i> and <i>Pistacia</i> sparse forest, 500–800 m a.s.l., N41°11’25”, E46°28’24”, 7–9. V.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 2 ex.; Borzhomi (Borjomi) District, 8 km SE of Akhaldaba, Nedzura River valley, <i>Picea, Carpinus</i> and <i>Fagus</i> forest, litter, logs, 1000 m a.s.l., N41°52’49”, E43°31’23”, 12. V.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 9 ex.; 15 km W of Adigeni, <i>Abies, Picea, Fagus, Acer</i> etc. forest, 1500– 1700 m a.s.l., N41°41’15”, E42°34’9”, 14–15. V.1983, leg. S. Golovatch; 1 ex.; Adzharia, Zelenyi Mys, Batumi Botanical Garden, 20–150 m a.s.l., N41°38’4”, E41°40’16”, 30.V–7. VI.1981, leg. S. Golovatch and J. Martens; 14 ex.; N of Kvareli, <i>Fagus, Carpinus</i>, <i>Quercus</i> etc, forest, litter and under bark, 700–750 m a.s.l., N41°58’ E45°48’, 4. V.1987, S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 9 ex.; Babaneuri Nature Reserve, ca. 16 km NNW Akhmeta, nr Babaneuri, <i>Carpinus, Quercus, Zelkova</i> forest, dry litter, 500 m a.s.l., N42°5’, E45°22’, 4–5. V.1987, S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 12 ex.; Batsaro Nature Reserve, ca. 20 km N of Akhmeta, <i>Fagus, Castanea</i> etc. forest litter, 800–850 m a.s.l., N41°45’, E48°41’, 5–6. V. 1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 6 ex.; Magalakhari Pass, between Akhmeta and Tianeti, <i>Fagus</i> and <i>Carpinus</i> forest, litter and under bark, 1200 m a.s.l., N42º05’, E45º01’, 6. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 34 ex.; Mariamjvari Nature Reserve, NE of Sagarejo, <i>Fagus, Carpinus, Acer, Pinus</i> etc. forest, litter and under bark and stones, 1150–1250 m a.s.l., N41°45’, E45°23’, 13–14. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 5 ex.; Tbilisi, Tskhneti, <i>Fagus</i>, <i>Carpinus</i>, <i>Acer</i> etc. forest, litter, 1150–1300 m a.s.l., N41°51’, E44°48’, 16–18. V.1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov; 4 ex.; Bolnisi District, Safarlo SSW of Patara Dmanisi, <i>Quercus, Fagus, Acer</i> etc. forest, litter, 1000–1050 m a.s.l., N41°51’, E43°23’, 21. V 1987, leg. S. Golovatch and K. Eskov. <b>Russia</b>, 1 ex. (missing); Krasnodar Province, Sochi, Krasnaya Polyana, alpine belt, moss, 1900 m a.s.l., N43°40’28”, E40°12’5”, 6. VII.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 1 ex.; same locality, <i>Castanea</i> wood, 500 m a.s.l., N43°40’28”, E40°12’5”, 30. VI.1956, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 2 ex.; same locality, alpine belt, moss, 1900 m a.s.l., N43°40’28”, E40°12’5”, 4. VII.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov and K. V. Arnoldi; 1 ex.; same locality alpine belt, moss, 1900 m a.s.l., N43°40’28”, E40°12’5”, 4.VIII.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 1 ex.; same locality, <i>Castanea</i> wood, moss, 500 m on <i>Cytisus</i>, N43°40’28”, E40°12’5”, 16. V.1955, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 1 ex.; Krasnodar Province, Canyon Djankhot (Dzhankhot), S of Gelenjik (Gelendzhik), <i>Pinus</i>, N44°28’13”, E38°9’54”, 5. VI.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 1 ex.; 8 km E of Gelenjik (Gelendzhik), forest, N44°33’43”, E38°10’, 49”, 25. V. 1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 3 ex.; 4 km S of Gelenjik, Markotkh Mtn Range, 620 m a.s.l., N44°36’50”, E38°3’51”, 1. V.2016, leg. K. and O. Makarov; 4 ex.; W. outskirts of Gelenjik, lower course of Yashamba River, 20 m a.s.l., N44°35’30”, E37°59’3”, 2. V. 2016, leg. K. and O. Makarov. 1 ex.; Goryachy Klyuch, Pshaf Mtn Ridge, near Mt ‘Belaya latka’, <i>Quercus</i> forest, litter, N44°38’26”, E39°1’46”, 18. VI.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 2 ex.; same locality, near Mt ‘Belaya latka’, <i>Quercus</i> forest, N44°38’26”, E39°1’46”, 17. VI.1951, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 2 ex. (1 slide); same locality, forest in canyon, north face, N44°38’24”, E39°7’57”, 8.IV.1952, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 1 ex.; Goryachy Klyuch, pine litter, N44°38’24”, E39°7’57”, 7.IV.1952, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 1 ex.; Goryachy Klyuch, Mt Besedka, N slope, N44°38’24”, E39°7’57”, 3.IV.1952, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 1 ex.; Kuban, 8 km S of Azovka, forest litter, N45°3’50”, E38°53’2”, 12.X. 1950, leg. K. V. Arnoldi; 2 ex.; Kuban, Lvovskaya village, Aushed River, N44°59’39”, E38°37’50”, 11. VI.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 4 ex. (1 slide); same locality, N44°59’39”, E38°37’50”, 12. VI.1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 1 ex.; Krasnodar Province, Ubinskaya village, <i>Quercus</i> forest NW face, N44°44’7”, E38°32’33”, 9. VI. 1956, leg. M.S. Ghilarov; 30 ex.; Utrish Nature Reserve, secondary growth on abandoned heliport, some shrubs with dominant <i>Paliurus</i>, N44°44’23”, E37°24’55”, 25. VI. 2013, leg. I. Tuf; 1 ex.; Stavropol Province, E of Novopavlovsk, <i>Quercus, Salix, Alnus</i> etc. forest along stream, N43°57’24 ’, E43°42’58”, 28. V.1982, leg. S. Golovatch; 7 ex.; Stavropol Province, Georgievsk, Safonovsky Forest, Podkumok River floodplain, under bark, N44°10’, E43°30’, 10. VII. 2013, leg. R. V. Zuev; 3 ex.; Stavropol, Botanical Gardens, <i>Pinus</i> plantations, under bark, N45°02’, E41° 54’, 26.III. 2014, leg. R. V. Zuev; 2 ex.; Stavropol Province, near Kislovodsk, Borgustansky Mt Ridge, <i>Pinus</i> plantation, under bark, N43°57’, E42°23’, 20. VII. 2013, leg. R. V. Zuev; 5 ex.; environs of Stavropol, Besputskaya Polyana, forest clearing, under logs and stones, N45°03’, E41°51’, 2.III.2014, leg. R. V. Zuev; 2 ex.; Stavropol Province, Shpakovsky District, near Grushovyi, 11 km SW of Stavropol, Volchyi Vorota, steppe, 586 m a.s.l., N45°0’49”, E41°48’24”, 23.III.2014, leg. R. V. Zuev; 1 ex.; Republic of Adygea, Lagonaki Plateau, near sightseeing platform at Kamennoe Moor, in mosses on boulders and trees (sifted), N44°3’42”, E40°1’16”, 3. VII.2014, leg. M. Potapov; 1 ex.; same locality, <i>Pinus</i> and <i>Betula</i> forest on stones, in lichens on pine-trees (sifted), N44°3’42”, E40°1’16”, 3. VII.2014, leg. M. Potapov; 2 ex.; Republic of Adygea, road between Maikop and Lagonaki, Khajokh Gorge, outskirts of Kamennomostskiy, on wet rocks, N44°17’46”, E40°11’01”, 5. VI.2013, leg. M. Potapov; 1 ex.; W of Maikop, <i>Fagus</i> and <i>Quercus</i> forest, litter, 300 m a.s.l., N44°36’, E39°33’, 8. VII.1986, leg. S. Golovatch (all ZMUM). <b>Iran</b>, 1 ex. (VNR 018342-1); Mazandaran, Chalus, Kalardasht, slope S of Kord Mahalleh, stony slope with grass and some low shrubs, 1,210 m a.s.l., N36º30’55”, E51º09’31”, 21.IV.2017, leg. H. Reip, K. Voigtländer and D. Antić (SMNG); 7 ex. (VNR 018343-2); Gilan, Rezvanshahr, Gisum forest 4.5 km NW of Parehsar (along Rasht–Astara Rd) S of Kish Khaleh, lowland broadleaf forest (<i>Parrotia, Carpinus, Quercus</i>, few <i>Tilia</i>) <i>Rubus</i> understorey, under bark, 10 m a.s.l., N37º38’29”, E49º01’49”, 17.IV.2017, leg. H. Reip, K. Voigtländer and D. Antić (SMNG); 13 ex. + bits (VNR 018344-1); same location, 17.IV.2017, leg. D. Antić, H. Reip & K. Voigtländer (SMNG); 1 ex. (VNR 018345-1); Tehran, Firuzkuh, 1 km SW of Gaduk Pass, semi-desert, 2,170 m a.s.l., N35º49’49”, E52º55’9”, 23.IV.2017, leg. H. Reip, K. Voigtländer and D. Antić (SMNG).</p> <p> <b>Rediagnosis</b>: Six ommatidia each side of the head with adjacent trichobothria arranged at points of isosceles triangle with angles all acute. Internal trichobothrium smaller and immediately adjacent to lateral edge of the row of posterior vertex trichomes; pair of medial trichomes on vertex, posterior to posterior vertex rows. Tergites with trichomes arranged in rosettes laterally, with three or more transverse rows along posterior edge, anterior tergal trichomes barbate and directed anteriorly, while posterior rows of tergal trichomes larger, directed posteriorly and scale-shaped, covering the dorsal surface in live animals and reflecting light to give a silvery appearance (Golovatch pers. comm., 2017; Verhoeff 1921). Medial fan of more than 45 barbate trichomes dorsal to a caudal bundle comprising two distinct halves. Number of sensilla on 6 th antennal article typically three.</p> <p> <b>Redescription</b>: <i>Measurements</i>. Body length without caudal bundle, lectotype (slide mounted) 3.3 mm; paralectotypes (all slide mounted) 3–3.4 mm (n=3); topotypical material, slide mounted: female, 3.5 mm, width 1.2 mm (n=3), male, 3.4 mm, width 1.0 mm (n=2); topotypical material in ethanol: female adults length, 3.4 mm, width 1.1 mm, caudal bundle 1.1 mm (n= 9), male adults 3.1 mm, width 1.0 mm, caudal bundle 0.9 mm (n=9); female subadult length 2.6, width 1.0 mm (n=2), immatures: stadium 6, length 2.2 width 0.8 mm (n=2); stadium 4, length 1.5 mm, width 0.6 mm (n=1), stadium 3, length 1.3 mm, width 0.5 mm (n=1), stadium 2 length 0.9 mm, width 0.5 mm (n=2).</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig. 3): six ommatidia on each side, of which one antero-ventral. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts of 25+27 (lectotype) and 28–30 (adult females n= 4), 23–25 (adult males n=2) trichomes each side in topotypes, consisting of two uneven rows (Fig. 3A); the distance between each tuft is about half their length. Small gap only to anterior vertex trichome insertions. Pair of trichomes medial on vertex, posterior to posterior vertex trichome rows, vertex trichomes barbate. Three trichobothria on each side arranged in an isosceles triangle, with the most internal (immediately adjacent to lateral end posterior rows of vertex trichomes) smaller than the two others (Fig. 3A). Each with slightly thicker cylindrical funicle. Surface of labrum (Fig. 4C) with numerous small short cuspidate papillae; anterior two to three rows with larger papillae; 4–5 lamellate plates either side of median cleft on anterior margin (Fig. 4C), clypeo-labrum with 9–11 setae along posterior margin (Fig. 4C); lateral palp of gnathochilarium with 13–18 long sensilla, medial palp with 13–17 sensilla (Fig. 3G, 4H), sensilla of lateral palp all tall cylindrical, medial palp with 5–8 of same sized sensilla as lateral palp, remaining sensilla smaller and biarticulate, lateral palp varies in size from 2.5–3.5 times length of the medial palp. Antennae: proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 3H. Details of sensilla based on topotypes. Antennal article VI with three basiconic sensilla: anterior thin and two posterior thick, one setiform sensillum between anterior and posterior ones, and one posterior coeloconic sensillum (Figs 3K, 4G); antennal article VII with two thick basiconic sensilla to posterior of four thin basiconic sensilla arranged in an arc curving distally (occasionally three or five in other material), one setifom sensillum between the two posterior basiconic sensilla and one posterior coeloconic sensillum (Figs 3I, J, 4G).</p> <p> <i>Trunk</i>: collum with almost symmetrical arrangement of trich
