233 research outputs found
Lelo K., Monni S., Tomassi F. (2019) “Geografia delle disuguaglianze” in Sandrio Medici (cur.), Povera Roma, Left Libri, Roma: 44-47.
No full textThe biological correlates of childhood trauma in first episode psychosis
No full textObjective To overview biological mechanisms connecting childhood trauma to the development of psychosis. Methods We reviewed the evidence regarding biological correlates associated with childhood trauma in individuals affected by first episode psychosis (FEP) in terms of: 1) Hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis & cytokines levels; 2) gene × environment interaction, epigenetic and gene expression modifications and 3) metabolic biomarkers. Results Childhood trauma and early psychosis even when explored separately were found associated with several biological correlates. Regarding the immune system activity, in terms of both HPA axis functioning and cytokines levels, FEP patients exposed to childhood trauma showed 1) a less reactive HPA axis, characterized by a blunted cortisol awakening response, and higher serum levels of Tumor necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in comparison with patients without childhood trauma. Genetics and epigenetics were also proven significantly different in traumatized FEP in comparison with non-exposed individuals. Specifically, first 2) the Val/Val genotype at the Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene, the A allele at rs4713916 and rs9296158 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the TT homozygosis at rs1360780 SNP in the FKBP5 gene were demonstrated to be risk factors for psychosis in traumatized individuals. Second, childhood trauma in FEP was proven significantly associated with global DNA hypo-methylation and lower BDNF gene expression. Finally, regarding metabolic changes associated with childhood trauma in FEP 3) higher levels of glycated hemoglobin and higher c-peptide and insulin levels were proven in patients exposed to childhood trauma in comparison with those without childhood trauma. Conclusions This review has given evidence regarding associations between childhood trauma and its biological correlates in first episode psychosis. Nonetheless, future studies are warranted to investigate putative biological mediators and their temporal sequence in order to elucidate developmental trajectories
Urban inequalities in Italy: a comparison between Rome, Milan and Naples
No full textThe aim of this paper is to examine the spatial distribution of socioeconomic inequalities in the municipal territories of Italy’s three most populous metropolitan cities, Roma, Milan and Napoli, by means of economic and social indicators and with data aggregated at the sub-municipal subdivisions of the cities and the municipalities in their provinces. These metropolitan areas are coming out of the worst crisis Italy has ever experienced, with a new class of poor people found not only in the outskirts and in the less well-off social groups but also among the middle class. Local and national governments cannot ignore this situation; the weakest sections of society have been unable to reap the benefits of the growth in the quaternary sector that has characterized Milan, Rome and Naples after the last decade, albeit to differing degrees
The central proline rich region of POB1/REPS2 plays a regulatory role in epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis by binding to 14-3-3 and SH3 domain-containing proteins
No full textBackground. The human POB1/REPS2 (Partner of RalBP1) protein is highly conserved in mammals where it has been suggested to function as a molecular scaffold recruiting proteins involved in vesicular traffic and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton remodeling machinery. More recently POB1/REPS2 was found highly expressed in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, while one of its isoforms (isoform 2) is down regulated during prostate cancer progression. Results. In this report we characterize the central proline rich domain of POB1/REPS2 and we describe for the first time its functional role in receptor endocytosis. We show that the ectopic expression of this domain has a dominant negative effect on the endocytosis of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) while leaving transferrin receptor endocytosis unaffected. By a combination of different approaches (phage display, bioinformatics predictions, peptide arrays, mutagenic analysis, in vivo co-immunoprecipitation), we have identified two closely spaced binding motifs for 14-3-3 and for the SH3 of the proteins Amphiphysin II and Grb2. Differently from wild type, proline rich domains that are altered in these motifs do not inhibit EGFR endocytosis, suggesting that these binding motifs play a functional role in this process. Conclusion. Our findings are relevant to the characterization of the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of POB1/REPS2, SH3 and 14-3-3 proteins in receptor endocytosis, suggesting that 14-3-3 could work by bridging the EGF receptor and the scaffold protein POB1/REPS2. © 2008 Tomassi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
L’evoluzione delle disuguaglianze socioeconomiche nei censimenti dal 1981 al 2021: il caso delle 155 Zone urbanistiche di Roma
No full textThe aim of this paper is to provide a preliminary analysis of the data from the 2021 census recently published by Istat and comparing it with the four previous censuses. For the first time, alongside the new data from the 2021 census, we also present the census data from 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 for the 155 Districts of Rome. The data refer to all the censuses since the created Districts of Rome in 1977, allowing us to compare the socio-economic changes in the city over the last 40 years. This analysis offers insights into the trends that have characterized the city over almost half a century
Roma, periferie ed esclusione sociale
No full textThe aim of this work is to investigate the phenomenon of social exclusion in Rome, by means of data and maps for 155 districts. Socially excluded people are prevented from full participation in society, notably in outer districts and in the eastern sector of the city
La città dei 15 minuti è una città meno diseguale e più ricca di opportunità. In risposta a E. Glaeser
No full textLe Mappe della disuguaglianza
No full textQuando si parla di Roma – come esempio per antonomasia di una realtà urbana complessa e stra- tificata, sintesi del difficile cammino delle metropoli in Europa e nel mondo – spesso si finisce per cadere nella trappola dei luoghi comuni, della visione stantia di una città che non c’è più, dell’in- consapevolezza di come cambiano i cittadini e dove si spostano. Oggi, nell’era della connettività uni- versale, una volta che ci si è allontanati dai percorsi più battuti, a Roma si può avere la sensazione di fare un salto nel buio e, un po’ come accadeva ai navigatori del XV secolo (loro sì, per colpa di mappe inesatte), di imbattersi in nuove terre, piene di problemi ma anche di potenzialità.
Questo volume – una Saggina fuori formato, studiata per ospitare le tante mappe a colori presenti all’interno – traccia una geografia delle disuguaglianze tra i quartieri di Roma in un confronto asso- lutamente inedito e prezioso con le altre tre principali città metropolitane italiane: Milano, Napoli e Torino. Si passano al setaccio i quartieri e perfino singoli aggregati abitativi su temi che riguardano le aree metropolitane di tutta Italia e che interessano da vicino i cittadini: dai trasporti alla scuola, dal turismo all’ambiente, dalla sanità alla presenza di stranieri. Un libro che si rivolge a tutti coloro che amano e desiderano conoscere meglio Roma e le altre grandi realtà metropolitane, agli amministra- tori che devono pensare e disegnare le politiche, ai ricercatori che studiano in dettaglio le dinamiche urbane, ai giornalisti per approfondire le notizie di cronaca.
Le odierne realtà metropolitane sono spesso divise da barriere visibili e invisibili che determinano crescenti livelli di disuguaglianze socio-economiche. Questi estesi territori urbanizzati, altamente di- versificati, poco conosciuti e in continua evoluzione, necessitano di essere indagati a fondo con stru- menti capaci di mettere a fuoco problemi, criticità e differenze.
Il volume apre una finestra sulle reali differenze esistenti in ambiti territoriali grandi e complessi. Per questo motivo, il lavoro non si limita all’analisi delle loro caratteristiche in termini aggregati, ma indaga le città metropolitane attraverso indicatori con un livello di dettaglio territoriale molto più fi- ne: le 155 zone urbanistiche di Roma, gli 88 nuclei di identità locale di Milano, le 94 zone statistiche di Torino e i 30 quartieri di Napoli.
L’auspicio è che queste mappe siano consultate da tanti, ma soprattutto da quelli che le politiche le devono pensare e disegnare
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