586 research outputs found
Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae)
No full textIdrees Babu, K. K., Ho, Hsaun-Ching, Mariyambi, P.C., Sureshkumar, S. (2022): Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae). Zootaxa 5104 (1): 111-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.
Mouse models of gastric cancer
No full textAnimal models have greatly enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of numerous types of cancers. Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a poor prognosis and high incidence of drug-resistance. However, most inbred strains of mice have proven resistant to gastric carcinogenesis. To establish useful models which mimic human gastric cancer phenotypes, investigators have utilized animals infected with Helicobacter species and treated with carcinogens. In addition, by exploiting genetic engineering, a variety of transgenic and knockout mouse models of gastric cancer have emerged, such as INS-GAS mice and TFF1 knockout mice. Investigators have used the combination of carcinogens and gene alteration to accelerate gastric cancer development, but rarely do mouse models show an aggressive and metastatic gastric cancer phenotype that could be relevant to preclinical studies, which may require more specific targeting of gastric progenitor cells. Here, we review current gastric carcinogenesis mouse models and provide our future perspectives on this field.Yoku Hayakawa, James G. Fox, Tamas Gonda, Daniel L. Worthley, Sureshkumar Muthupalani and Timothy C. Wan
Physiculus lakshadeepa Idrees Babu & Ho & Mariyambi & Sureshkumar 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPhysiculus lakshadeepa sp. nov. Common name: Lakshadweep codling Figs. 3‒5, Table 1 Holotype. MTRLDST 00112, 164 mm SL, 192 mm TL, India, Lakshadweep, East Coast of Kavaratti Island, 10°33’49.9”N, 72°39’4.0”E, from 350 m depth, 9 April 2018. Paratypes. MTRLDST 00113, 125 mm SL, 143 mm TL; MTRLDST 00114, 183 mm SL, 224 mm TL; both collected with holotype. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, Lakshadweep. Diagnosis. A species of Physiculus with light organ situated at about the middle of pelvic-fin base and anus; light organ small, anus rather forward in position, closer to the light organ; gular region smooth without scales; Physiculus lakshadeepa differs from the Indian congeners in having relatively high first dorsal fin, with first ray filamentous, except for that of P. capensis, P. beckeri and P. roseus; P. lakshadeepa differs from P. capensis in having scales on snout (vs snout smooth) and teeth in equally sized (vs in graded series); from P. beckeri in having 84‒95 scales in longitudinal series (vs 115‒130) and less tall first dorsal fin; and from P. roseus in having fewer second dorsal-fin rays and more gill rakers. Compared with the other species in the Pacific Ocean, P. lakshadeepa resembles only P. chigodarana, which has the first dorsal fin distinctly higher than the second. However, P. lakshadeepa differs from the latter in lacking gular scales (vs present in P. chigodarana), fewer second dorsal-fin rays; fewer anal fin rays; light organ situated rather backward; anus situated rather backward (InV-An 41.7‒58.2% InV-af vs 38.7‒43.7%); more gill rackers, and fewer vertebrae. Description. The morphometric data given in Table 1 is for the holotype, followed by the range of measurements from the paratypes in parentheses, except when otherwise indicated. Body slender and long, compressed posteriorly; head moderately small, depressed anteriorly; eye large 24.7% (19.1‒28.5%) in HL; interorbital space broad, 30.1% (25.4‒30.7%) in HL; snout broad and rounded, length 24.7% (24.7‒25.9%) in HL, protruding slightly beyond the upper jaw. Mouth large, gape extending to a vertical through posterior margin of eye, teeth small, equally sized; vomerine and palatine toothless. Barbel on chin much shorter than orbit diameter, length 7.5% (3.2‒11.6%) in HL. Gill rakers on the first gill arch small, varying from spinous tubercles to small clubs, spinous initially at tips and progressively more spinous towards the angle on lower branch and spinous at tips on the upper branch. Abdominal cavity reaching the 13th pterygiophore of the anal fin. Scales small and deciduous, 90 (84‒95) in longitudinal series; 7 (6‒7) scale rows between the first dorsal-fin base and lateral line. Cycloid scales cover the head and body, except for the branchiostegal membrane and the gular region are completely scaleless. Continuous tube of lateral line reaching 10th ray of the second dorsal fin, followed by discontinuous short tubes on the lateral line reaching caudal peduncle. Caudal fin rounded and fan-shaped, well separated from dorsal and anal fins. Caudal peduncle short than orbit diameter, its length 17.1% (17.1‒19.7%) HL. First dorsal fin higher than second, first dorsal-fin ray elongated and filamentous, its length 62.8% HL (51.7% in 1 paratype and broken in another one). A very small gap separates the first from the second dorsal fins. Origin of first dorsal fin slightly behind a vertical through the pectoral-fin base; the origin of the second dorsal fin at a vertical through 4th anal-fin ray. Pelvic fin slender, two outermost rays slightly filamentous, extending to 7th ray of the anal fin. The pectoral fin extends up to the 7th ray of the second dorsal fin. Ventral light organ small in size, externally prominent as a circular scale less fossa in advance of the anus, its diameter 6.0% (6.0‒9.6%) InV-af; distance from inter ventral line to anterior margin of light organ 29.0% (24.4‒ 29.0%) InV-af; distance from posterior margin of the light organ to anterior margin of anus 22.6% (17.4‒22.6%) InV-af, and distance from inter ventral line to anterior margin of anus 58.2% (41.7‒58.2%) InV-af. Vertebrae: 12 (11‒12) precaudal, 37 (37‒38) caudal, and 49 (49) in total. Colouration. When fresh, head and body dark brown, slightly reddish on tail, caudal fin base dark brown and abdomen silvery blue. Branchiostegal membranes black; first dorsal fin pink, with broad black margin; second dorsal fin pink, gradually becoming red posteriorly, with narrow black margin; pectoral fin red with black base; pelvic fin dark brown; anal fin red with black margin; caudal fin deep red with posterior third black. Colour when preserved, head and body light brown and abdomen silvery.Published as part of Idrees Babu, K. K., Ho, Hsaun-Ching, Mariyambi, P. C. & Sureshkumar, S., 2022, Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae), pp. 111-124 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 115-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/625809
Physiculus indicus Idrees Babu & Ho & Mariyambi & Sureshkumar 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPhysiculus indicus sp. nov. Common name: Indian Codling Figs.1‒2, Table 1 Holotype. MTRLDST 00214, 162 mm SL, 183 mm TL, India, Lakshadweep, East Coast of Kavaratti Island, 10°33’49.9”N, 72°39’4.0”E,, ca. 350 m, 9 April 2018. Paratypes. MTRLDST 00215, 128 mm SL, 148 mm TL; MTRLDST 00216, 143 mm SL, 169 mm TL; MTRLDST 00217, 154 mm SL, 169 mm TL; MTRLDST 00218, 142 mm SL, 162 mm TL; all collected with holotype. Etymology. The specific is derived from the type locality, India. Diagnosis. A species of Physiculus with light organ situated at about the middle of pelvic-fin base and anus; light organ small; anus rather forward in position, closer to the light organ; gular region smooth without scales. Physiculus indicus differs from nearest congeners, P. argyropastus, in the position of the anus, and the number of total vertebrae; P. roseus in having the light organ closer to the anus than the pelvic-fin base; P. rhodopinnis by fewer rays in the second dorsal fin and fewer anal-fin rays. Although similar to each other, P. indicus differs from P. lakshadeepa in having fewer gill rakers, more caudal vertebrae, more total vertebrae, and first dorsal fin not higher than the second (vs. first dorsal fin higher with first ray filamentous) Description. The morphometric data given in Table 1 is for the holotype, followed by the range of measurements from the paratypes in parentheses, except when otherwise indicated. Body round elongated, compressed posteriorly; head moderately large, slightly depressed anteriorly; eye large, its diameter 22.2% (19.0‒25.8%) HL; interorbital space broad, it width 31.8% (26.6‒34.1%) HL; snout broad and rounded, length 19.9% (19.9‒28.4%) HL, protruding slightly beyond upper jaw; mouth large; teeth equally sized; vomerine and palatine toothless; barbel on chin much shorter than orbit diameter, its length 4.7% (3.2‒8.9%) HL. Gill rakers on first gill arch small, varying from spinous tubercles to small clubs, spinous initially at tips and progressively more spinous towards the angle on the lower branch and spinous at tips on the upper branch; abdominal cavity reaching the 9th pterygiophore of the anal fin. Scales small and deciduous, 96 (90‒102) in longitudinal series; 7 (7‒8) scale rows between the base of the first dorsal fin and lateral line; scale cycloid, covered on head and body, except for branchiostegal membrane and gular region. Continuous tube of lateral line reaching 14th ray of the second dorsal fin and discontinuous tube of lateral line reaching caudal peduncle. First dorsal fin higher than the second; a very small gap separating first from second dorsal fin; the origin of the first dorsal behind a vertical through pectoral fin base; the origin of the second dorsal fin at a vertical through 5th anal-fin ray; both dorsal fins not indented. The pectoral fin extends up to the 8th ray of the second dorsal fin. Pelvic fin slender, two outermost rays filamentous and extend to 3rd ray of the anal fin. Caudal fin truncate and well separated from second dorsal and anal fins. Caudal peduncle short, less than orbit diameter, its length 8.8% (8.4‒10.3%) HL. Light organ moderately sized; externally prominent as a circular scale less fossa in advance of the anus; its diameter 11.4% (6.4‒12.0%) InV-af. Distance from inter ventral line to anterior margin of light organ 22.6% (18.6‒ 29.0%) In V-af; distance from posterior margin of the light organ to anterior margin of anus 17.6% (17.6‒23.8%) In V-af; and distance from the inter-ventral line to anterior margin of anus 53.6% (50.6‒58.2%) InV-af. Vertebrae: 12 (11‒12) precaudal, 40 (40‒41) caudal vertebrae, and 52 (52) in total. Coloration.. When fresh, the head and body, pinkish tan; abdomen, silvery blue; branchiostegal membranes black; vertical fin membrane dark brown. Colour when preserved head and body light brown and abdomen silvery. Distribution. Physiculus indicus is known from the type series collected off Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep, India, at a depth of ca. 350 m.Published as part of Idrees Babu, K. K., Ho, Hsaun-Ching, Mariyambi, P. C. & Sureshkumar, S., 2022, Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae), pp. 111-124 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/625809
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae)
No full textFIGURE 3. Physiculus lakshadeepa sp. nov., holotype, MTRLDST 00112, preserved. A. Lateral view. B. Ventral of the abdomen. C. Radiograph.Published as part of Idrees Babu, K. K., Ho, Hsaun-Ching, Mariyambi, P.C. & Sureshkumar, S., 2022, Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae), pp. 111-124 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 116, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/625809
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae)
No full textFIGURE 4. Physiculus lakshadeepa sp. nov., paratype, MTRLDST 00113, preserved. A. Lateral view. B. ventral view of abdomen. C. Radiograph.Published as part of Idrees Babu, K. K., Ho, Hsaun-Ching, Mariyambi, P.C. & Sureshkumar, S., 2022, Two new species of the codling fish genus Physiculus from Lakshadweep, India (Gadiformes: Moridae), pp. 111-124 in Zootaxa 5104 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/625809
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