1,985 research outputs found
Probability Propagation in Selected Aristotelian Syllogisms
No full textThis paper continues our work on a coherence-based probability semantics for Aristotelian syllogisms (Gilio, Pfeifer, and Sanfilippo, 2016; Pfeifer and Sanfilippo, 2018) by studying Figure III under coherence. We interpret the syllogistic sentence types by suitable conditional probability assessments. Since the probabilistic inference of from the premise set is not informative, we add p(M|(S ee M))>0 as a probabilistic constraint (i.e., an ``existential import assumption'') to obtain probabilistic informativeness. We show how to propagate the assigned premise probabilities to the conclusion. Thereby, we give a probabilistic meaning to all syllogisms of Figure~III. We discuss applications like generalised quantifiers (like Most are ) and (negated) default
Quasi conjunction and inclusion relation in probabilistic default reasoning
No full textWe study the quasi conjunction and the Goodman & Nguyen inclusion relation for conditional events, in the setting of probabilistic default reasoning under coherence. We deepen two recent results given in (Gilio and Sanfilippo, 2010): the first result concerns p-entailment from a family F of conditional events to the quasi conjunction C(S) associated with each nonempty subset S of F; the second result, among other aspects, analyzes the equivalence between p-entailment from F and p-entailment from C(S), where S is some nonempty subset of F. We also characterize p-entailment by some alternative theorems. Finally, we deepen the connections between p-entailment and the Goodman & Nguyen inclusion relation; in particular, for a pair (F,E|H), we study the class K of the subsets S of F such that C(S) is included in E|H. We show that K is additive and has a greatest element which can be determined by applying a suitable algorithm
Introduzione
No full textanalisi dei rapporti fra emigrazione italiana e criminalità in diversi paes
Strategie di controllo degli scarichi fognari in tempo di pioggia (Capitolo 7)
No full textIl capitolo illustra le misure strutturali e non strutturali finalizzate alla riduzione delle portate meteoriche e dei carichi inquinanti in aree fortemente antropizzate. Tali sistemi hanno lo scopo di attenuare gli effetti negativi legati alla qualità e quantità delle acque meteoriche recapitate nei corpi idrici superficiali. In particolare, vengono illustrati vantaggi e limitazioni di ciascuna soluzione tecnica nonché i principali campi di applicazione
Probabilistic Semantics for Categorical Syllogisms of Figure II
No full textA coherence-based probability semantics for categorical syllogisms of Figure I, which have transitive structures, has been proposed recently (Gilio, Pfeifer, & Sanfilippo [15]). We extend this work by studying Figure II under coherence. Camestres is an example of a Figure II syllogism: from Every P is M and No S is M infer No S is P. We interpret these sentences by suitable conditional probability assessments. Since the probabilistic inference of P ̄|S from the premise set {M|P,M ̄|S} is not informative, we add p(S|(S∨P))>0 as a probabilistic constraint (i.e., an “existential import assumption”) to obtain probabilistic informativeness. We show how to propagate the assigned (precise or interval-valued) probabilities to the sequence of conditional events (M|P,M ̄|S,S|(S∨P)) to the conclusion P ̄|S . Thereby, we give a probabilistic meaning to the other syllogisms of Figure II. Moreover, our semantics also allows for generalizing the traditional syllogisms to new ones involving generalized quantifiers (like Most S are P) and syllogisms in terms of defaults and negated default
Compounds of conditionals and iterated conditioning under coherence
No full textWe discuss the problem of defining logical operations among conditional events. Differently from many authors, we define the conjunction and disjunction in the setting of conditional random quantities. In probability theory and in probability logic a relevant problem, largely discussed by many authors, is that of defining logical operations among conditional events. In the many works concerning these operations, the conjunction and disjunction have been usually defined as suitable conditional events. In Kaufmann 2009 it has been proposed a theory for the compounds of conditionals which has been framed in the setting of coherence in (Gilio and Sanfilippo , 2013, 2014) In this framework, which is quantitative rather than a logical one, conjunction and disjunction of conditional events are interpreted as conditional random quantities (c.r.q.'s), which can sometimes reduce to conditional events given logical dependencies. In our approach, given a random quantity and a non impossible event (we use the same symbols to refer to the event and its indicator), we look at a c.r.q. as an extended quantity , where is the conditional prevision which is subjectively evaluated. In particular (the indicator of) a conditional event is looked at as . In this way, based on the betting scheme of de Finetti and its generalizations, the c.r.q. may be interpreted as the amount that you receive (resp., pay) in a bet on conditional on , if you agree to pay (resp., to receive) . This extended notion allows algebraic developments among c.r.q.'s also when the conditioning events are different. Then, among other things, we can give a meaning to the conjunction and disjunction of conditional events and we can define the notion of iterated conditionals; in particular we obtain that the usual probabilistic properties are preserved. Therefore, we consider the coherent prevision of these suitable random quantities as the generalization of the corresponding coherent probabilistic versions of unconditional events. These notions are relevant in natural language for a probabilistic interpretation of the conjunction, disjunction and iteration of conditionals. In particular they are useful for the probabilistic approaches in the psychology of reasoning and in the conditional syllogisms
Impiego clinico dei miorilassanti in pazienti con malattie neurologiche muscolari e neuromuscolari
No full textviene discusso il ruolo e le criticità dell'impiego dei farmaci miorilassanti nei pazienti portatori di patologie neuromuscolari che possono risentire soprattutto nella fase di recupero dell'autonomia motoria dell'effetto clinico dei bloccanti la placca muscolare
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