123 research outputs found
Driving Forces of Inflation in New EU Countries (in English)
Get PDFDriving forces of inflation in the eight new EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe are analyzed using the generalized dynamic-factor model (GDFM) developed by Forni et al. the impact of various macroeconomic variables on inflation is estimated by regressing the GDFM idiosyncratic component on these variables; the importance of second-round and indirect effects from energy shocks is assessed using a bivariate VAR. The author´s results suggest that, first, a significant part of inflation in the new members is driven by common factors, and, second, common component inflation is a better estimator of underlying inflation than a core inflation measure (i.e., headline inflation, excluding energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco).generalized dynamic-factor model, idiosyncratic components, inflation
Modelling and AC losses of BSCCO conductors with anisotropic and position-dependent Jc
No full textThis paper presents results from numerical modelling of BSCCO conductors performed with finite element method software. The AC losses are calculated and compared for conductors of different geometry and aspect ratio––an elliptical tape with anisotropic Jc(B) and a round wire with isotropic Jc(B), in external magnetic field of various angles. The difference in the losses of the wire and the tape is found to be significant and depends on the applied field's magnitude and orientation. Also studied is the effect of the lateral Jc distribution along the width of a 37-filamentary tape. The AC losses in each filament are calculated and compared. Simulations with transport current only, as well as with applied AC perpendicular or parallel fields have been made for a model with constant Jc and models with increasing and decreasing Jc towards the edges of the tape
What Explains Growth and Inflation Dispersions in EMU?
Get PDFThis paper’s analysis of growth and inflation dispersions in the euro area reveals several findings. First, these dispersions have declined appreciably since EMU. Second, the remaining dispersions are small but persistent, relating mainly to country-specific shocks, not differences in the transmission of common shocks. Third, the role of income convergence in explaining the dispersions has increased over time, while the role of price level convergence has declined. However, the increased role of income convergence should be viewed with caution, as it may reflect temporary rather than fundamental convergence factors, which may lead to growing macroeconomic imbalances.common and country-specific shocks, output and inflation dispersions, convergence
Transmission Channels, Risk Sharing, and EMU Dispersions
Get PDFFirst, using a small theoretically founded general equilibrium model fitted to the data by Bayesian techniques, the article assesses the contribution of interest rates and housing prices to dispersions within the European Monetary Union (EMU). It finds that the different behavior of interest rates just before and after the introduction of the euro has contributed significantly to growth dispersions in the EMU. However, this has been a one-off shock whose effects, particularly on construction, should decline over time. Second, the article analyzes the contribution of the financial system to sharing country-specific risks in a panel framework. It finds that further financial sector integration in the EMU could do much more to insure countries against shocks and increase consumption smoothing.consumption smoothing, output and inflation dispersions, risk sharing
Space-time NURBS-enhanced finite elements for free-surface flows in 2D
No full textThis is the accepted version of the following article: Stavrev, A., Knechtges, P., Elgeti, S., and Huerta, A. (2016) Space-time NURBS-enhanced finite elements
for free-surface flows in 2D., Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, doi: 10.1002/fld.4189, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fld.4189/abstractThe accuracy of numerical simulations of free-surface flows depends strongly on the computation of geometric quantities like normal vectors and curvatures. This geometrical information is additional to the actual degrees of freedom and usually requires a much finer discretization of the computational domain than the flow solution itself. Therefore, the utilization of a numerical method, which uses standard functions to discretize the unknown function in combination with an enhanced geometry representation is a natural step to improve the simulation efficiency. An example of such method is the NURBS-enhanced finite element method (NEFEM), recently proposed by Sevilla et al. The current paper discusses the extension of the spatial NEFEM to space-time methods and investigates the application of space-time NURBS-enhanced elements to free-surface flows. Derived is also a kinematic rule for the NURBS motion in time, which is able to preserve mass conservation over time. Numerical examples show the ability of the space-time NEFEM to account for both pressure discontinuities and surface tension effects and compute smooth free-surface forms. For these examples, the advantages of the NEFEM compared with the classical FEM are shown.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
The ECB's monetary analysis revisited
Get PDFMonetary aggregates continue to play an important role in the ECB's policy strategy. This paper revisits the case for money, surveying the ongoing theoretical and empirical debate. The key conclusion is that an exclusive focus on non-monetary factors alone may leave the ECB with an incomplete picture of the economy. However, treating monetary factors as a separate matter is a second-best solution. Instead, a general-equilibrium inspired analytical framework that merges the economic and monetary pillars of the ECB's policy strategy appears the most promising way forward. The role played by monetary aggregates in such unified framework may be rather limited. However, an integrated framework would facilitate the presentation of policy decisions by providing a clearer narrative of the relative role of money in the interaction with other economic and financial sector variables, including asset prices, and their impact on consumer prices. --ECB,monetary analysis,monetary pillar,New Keynesian model,DSGE model,P* model,Twopillar Phillips curve,VAR model,generalized dynamic factor model
Space-time NURBS-enhanced finite elements for free-surface flows in 2D
No full textThis is the accepted version of the following article: Stavrev, A., Knechtges, P., Elgeti, S., and Huerta, A. (2016) Space-time NURBS-enhanced finite elements
for free-surface flows in 2D., Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, doi: 10.1002/fld.4189, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fld.4189/abstractThe accuracy of numerical simulations of free-surface flows depends strongly on the computation of geometric quantities like normal vectors and curvatures. This geometrical information is additional to the actual degrees of freedom and usually requires a much finer discretization of the computational domain than the flow solution itself. Therefore, the utilization of a numerical method, which uses standard functions to discretize the unknown function in combination with an enhanced geometry representation is a natural step to improve the simulation efficiency. An example of such method is the NURBS-enhanced finite element method (NEFEM), recently proposed by Sevilla et al. The current paper discusses the extension of the spatial NEFEM to space-time methods and investigates the application of space-time NURBS-enhanced elements to free-surface flows. Derived is also a kinematic rule for the NURBS motion in time, which is able to preserve mass conservation over time. Numerical examples show the ability of the space-time NEFEM to account for both pressure discontinuities and surface tension effects and compute smooth free-surface forms. For these examples, the advantages of the NEFEM compared with the classical FEM are shown.Peer Reviewe
Study of plasma polymer structures to induce composite layers
No full textThis study is designed to investigate the ability of plasma polymer films (PPHMDS), grown from the hexamethyldisiloxane
(HMDS) monomer on stainless steel (SS) and silica glass (SG) substrates, to induce the deposition of composite layers
from a mixture of saturated simulated body fluid (SBF) and detonation nanodiamond (DND) by a biomimetic process.
Results from FTIR and XPS studies showed that the structure of the PPHDMS layers depends on the nature of the
substrate, as well as on the deposition conditions and the influence of the subsequent deposition of the composite layers.
The PPHDMS structure appears to be covalently bonded to SG, compared to those on SS. After their immersion in the
mixture of SBF and DND, the layers grown on the SG_PPHDMS structure shows the existence of phosphate and carbonate
groups. On the SS_PPHMDS, it shows a predominantly carbon enrich deposit, which indicates that the lack of functional
polar groups of the SS_PPHMDS surfaces, and limits the process of precipitation of the SBF ions. The results emphasize
the potential for tailoring a plasma polymer structure PPHMDS, by varying the deposition conditions and substrate, in order
to use them as biocompatible materials
MaGSoundDST-3D automatic inversion of magnetic and gravity data based on the differential similarity transform
Get PDFWe present an automatic procedure - Magnetic And Gravity SOUNDing Differential Similarity Transform (MaGSoundDST) - for inversion of regular or irregular magnetic- and gravity-grid data measured on even or uneven surfaces. It solves for horizontal position, depth, and structural index of simple sources and is independent of a linear background. In addition, it estimates the shape of sources consisting of several singular points and lines. The method uses the property of the differential similarity transform (DST) of a magnetic or a gravity anomaly to become zero or linear at all observation points when the central point of similarity of the transform, which we refer to as the probing point, coincides with a source's singular point. It uses a measured anomalous field and its calculated or measured (gradiometry) first-order derivatives. The method is independent of the magnetization-vector direction in the magnetic data case and does notrequire reduction-to-the-pole transformed data as input. With MaGSoundDST, we provide an important alternative interpretation technique to the Euler deconvolution procedures, combining a moving-window method, whereby the solutions are linked to singular points of causative bodies, with an approach in which the solutions are linked to the real sources. The procedure involves calculating a 3D function that evaluates the linearity of the DST for different integer or noninteger structural indices, using a moving window. We sound the subsurface along a vertical line under each window center. Then we combine the 3D results for different structural indices and present them in three easy-to-interpret maps, avoiding the need for clustering techniques. We deduce only one solution for location and type of simple sources, which is a major advantage over Euler deconvolution. Application to different cases of synthetic and real data shows the method's applicability to various types of magnetic and gravity field investigations.</p
Comparison of numerical methods for modeling of superconductors
No full textDifferent finite-element method (FEM) formulations have been developed in order to model the electromagnetic behavior of type-II superconductors. This paper presents a comparison between simulations with A-V formulation models implemented in two FEM software packages (FLUX2D and FLUX3D) and a numerical method based on analytical model for superconductors in applied magnetic field. These models can be used for superconductors with complex geometry and power-law current-voltage characteristics. Simulated is a 37-filamentary tape with applied transport current in self-field and alternating current (ac) magnetic field parallel to the wide side of the tape. A good agreement is found between the ac-loss and current distributions obtained with the different model
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