47 research outputs found
Studio di prevalenza delle lesioni da decubito in un ospedale lombardo
No full textA one day prevalence survey was performed in a University Hospital, with the aim of assessing the risk of developing a pressure sore by patients systematically assessed with the Waterlow Scale. Out of the 141 at risk patients, 16 had a pressure sore (11.3%). For six of them the sore was already present at admission so that the in hospital incidence was 7% (10 patients). Most at risk patients (74.4) were still cared on a standard mattress. The advantages and limits of prevalence surveys are discussed at the end of the three articles that present a prevalence survey, an incidence survey and the study of sentinel events
Infermieristica clinica in ortopedia e traumatologia
No full textTesto di Ortopedia e Traumatologia per la Laurea in Infermieristica, in cui si affronta una trattazione completa delle patologie ortopediche e traumatologiche che, incentrata sul paziente piuttosto che sulla patologia, permette di evidenziare chiaramente la funzione dell’assistenza infermieristica e dei principi di riabilitazione. La divisione in capitoli segue, nella prima parte del testo, un’organizzazione secondo i vari distretti corporei, riuscendo così a centrare l’attenzione sul paziente. Nella seconda parte del testo troviamo un’organizzazione più tradizionale per le patologie importanti e per i problemi assistenziali tipici della disciplina, oltre ad un capitolo dedicato alle procedure di uso più frequente. Ogni capitolo della prima parte comprende un paragrafo introduttivo sulle principali patologie del distretto corporeo trattato, per presentare poi le tipologie di pazienti affetti da esse, distinguendo tra patologie traumatiche e non. Si passa poi alle varie fasi dell’assistenza, con riferimento specifico al triage, segni e sintomi, alla diagnostica strumentale, ai trattamenti, incruenti e chirurgici, sempre evidenziando diagnosi infermieristiche e problemi collaborativi. Ogni capitolo è corredato da piani assistenziali standard e da box di approfondimento su argomenti ‘trasversali’ che interessano sia l’ambito ortopedico che quello traumatologico. Numerosi riferimenti incrociati ad altri capitoli, in particolare della parte generale, e ad un glossario, permettono di risolvere rapidamente eventuali dubbi dello studente o a rinfrescare conoscenze di base. Il testo è integrato da un ricco apparato iconografico di tabelle, disegni e fotografie
Experimental investigation of self-heating effects in semiconductor resistors during TLP pulses
No full textThe purpose of this work is the experimental extraction of the local maximum temperature occurring in
silicon resistors when a transmission line pulse is applied. The local temperature is extracted by combining transmission line pulses of
different amplitude and at different ambient temperatures with two-dimensional electrothermal simulation. This investigation has
relevant practical applications. The obtained calibration curves enable to convert the phase shift information as obtained by
interferometric techniques (e.g. in Transient Interferometric Mapping) into absolute temperature readings. Moreover, relevant physical
parameters (e.g. resistivity) can be extracted as a function of the temperature by transient heating, i.e. by avoiding the detrimental
artifacts involved with the static heating of semiconductor samples at high temperatures. This enables to calibrate device simulators at
those high temperatures, which are required for the simulation of ESD events
Neutralization of IL-10 and TGF beta 1 rescues T cells from tolerogenic mechanisms induced by HER2 vaccine in cancer patients
No full textPurpose/Objective: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells in the immune system, which are capable of priming naıve T cells and can stimulate memory T cells and B cells to generate antigen-specific responses. Recent clinical trials were designed to stimulate immune system against HER2+ tumor by using HER2-peptides-based or peptides-loaded-DCs vaccine, but no clinical responses was elicit, probably due to self tolerance mediated by natural and peripheral-induced Tregs.
Materials and methods: In our work, CD14+ monocytes were
separated from PBMC of healthy subjects or patients with pancreatic and breast cancer overexpressing HER2, to generate dendritic cells (DCs). This DCs were matured and transfected with plasmids coding for extracellular and transmembrane domains of human HER2 then used to activate autologous T cells. Activation of T cells were assessed by intracellular staining, IFNc-ELISpot, ELISA and cytotoxicity assays.
Results: Results showed that Human-DCs were able to trigger IFNc
release by autologous T cells in healthy donors, but not in cancer
patients. Failure of Human-DCs could be ascribe to higher induction
of Tregs activity and to higher amount of IL-10 and TGFb1 found in
cultures, since neutralization of these two cytokines restored the ability to induce IFNc production.
Conclusions: From these we can conclude that cancer vaccine based on self antigen can induce an antitumor response but also activate immune tolerance mechanisms. This finding represent an important point thatbe consider to design cancer vaccines in future
Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy and Different Degrees of Chronic Renal Insufficiency.
No full textBackground/Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the single most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however its real impact on renal anaemia has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether onset, severity, and prevalence of anaemia during the course of CKD is different between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods: We enrolled 281 patients with: (1) type 2 diabetes and no CKD (n = 75); (2) type 2 diabetes plus CKD (n = 106), and (3) CKD without type 2 diabetes (n = 100). According to K/DOQI guidelines, the patients with renal insufficiency (i.e., those with a glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min) were subgrouped into three tertiles of CKD: (1) stage 3 (creatinine clearance 60-30 ml/min); (2) stage 4 (creatinine clearance 29-15 ml/min), and (3) stage 5 (creatinine clearance < 15 ml/min). Results: Anaemia was observed in 16% of the diabetic patients without CKD; it was more frequent in the diabetic patients with CKD than in the non-diabetic patients with CKD (61.7 vs. 52%, p < 0.05). The comparison among the tertiles showed that the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher only in diabetic CKD patients of stages 4 and 5. The prevalence was higher in females independently of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In diabetics with a normal renal function, the haemoglobin levels were higher than in diabetics and non-diabetics with CKD, but the diabetics showed lower levels of haemoglobin than non-diabetics at stage 3 and stage 4 of CKD. Conclusions: Diabetic patients with CKD of stages 4 and 5 have a higher prevalence of anaemia than non-diabetic patients with comparable glomerular filtration rate. A higher awareness of this risk will allow earlier diagnosis and treatment. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Benessere e ortoterapia: uno studio longitudinale con anziani in RSA
No full textIntroduzione. La letteratura ha mostrato che l’ortoterapia rappresenta una fonte di benessere per gli anziani residenti in RSA, in cui il contatto con la natura genera benefici sul piano fisico, psicologico e sociale. A fronte del numero limitato di ricerche scientifiche sull’argomento in Italia, la presente ricerca ha indagato l’impatto dell’ortoterapia sulla salute mentale e sulle opportunità di esperienza ottimale degli anziani rispetto alla terapia occupazionale tradizionale. Metodi. Allo studio in crossover hanno partecipato 12 ospiti di una RSA milanese, suddivisi in due gruppi coinvolti in attività sia orticolturali sia occupazionali in due cicli successivi. Ciascun ciclo ha previsto sei incontri con cadenza settimanale. Ai partecipanti è stato somministrato Experience Sampling Method durante la settimana antecedente l’avvio delle attività e al termine di ogni incontro al fine di rilevare in tempo reale la qualità dell’esperienza associata alla loro vita quotidiana e alle attività proposte. Inoltre, all’inizio dello studio e alla fine di ciascun ciclo, i partecipanti hanno completato il Flow Questionnaire, la Mental Health Continuum Short Form e la Geriatric Depression Scale. Risultati. Le analisi hanno mostrato come sia le attività orticolturali che quelle occupazionali abbiano portato ad un incremento significativo del benessere dei partecipanti, nelle sue dimensioni psicologica ed emotiva. Le attività hanno rappresentato inoltre opportunità in cui investire capacità e risorse personali e da cui trarre esperienza ottimale. Conclusioni. I risultati suggeriscono che sia il coinvolgimento in attività complesse, più che l’ortoterapia in sé, a favorire il benessere dell’anziano in RSA, sottolineando la necessità di commisurare gli interventi agli interessi e ai vissuti dei destinatari
Siroza bağlı asitli olan hastalarda sponton asit infeksiyonu
No full textTEZ2640Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1998.Kaynakça (s. 54-61) var.iv, 61 s. ; 30 cm.
Chimeric rat/human HER2 efficiently circumvents HER2 tolerance in cancer patients
No full textPurpose: Despite the great success of HER2 vaccine strategies in animal models, effective clinical results have not yet been obtained. We studied the feasibility of using DNA coding for chimeric rat/human HER2 as a tool to break the unresponsiveness of T cells from patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors (HER2-CP). Experimental Design: Dendritic cells (DCs) generated from patients with HER2-overexpressing breast (n = 28) and pancreatic (n = 16) cancer were transfected with DNA plasmids that express human HER2 or heterologous rat sequences in separate plasmids or as chimeric constructs encoding rat/human HER2 fusion proteins and used to activate autologous T cells. Activation was evaluated by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, perforin expression, and ability to halt HER2+ tumor growth in vivo. Results: Specific sustained proliferation and IFN-γ production by CD4 and CD8 T cells from HER2-CP was observed after stimulation with autologous DCs transfected with chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmids. Instead, T cells from healthy donors ( n = 22) could be easily stimulated with autologous DCs transfected with any human, rat, or chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmid. Chimeric HER2-transfected DCs from HER2-CP were also able to induce a sustained T-cell response that significantly hindered the in vivo growth of HER2+ tumors. The efficacy of chimeric plasmids in overcoming tumor-induced T-cell dysfunction relies on their ability to circumvent suppressor effects exerted by regulatory T cells (Treg) and/or interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF-β1. Conclusions: These results provide the proof of concept that chimeric rat/human HER2 plasmids can be used as effective vaccines for any HER2-CP with the advantage of being not limited to specific MHC
Validation of European computer codes used for fusion safety analysis
No full textThe development of safety files for fusion plants rely on several calculations and safety codes used for computing various situations and events. Within the future safety files, several safety related simulation codes are used for demonstrating the safe behaviour of the concerned machine and the limited impact on the population and environment in various situations from the normal operation up to the largest credible accident. These codes are ranging from neutronics calculation and dose assessment to the modelling of accident sequences and thermo hydraulics analysis in normal, incidental and accidental situations.
An important aspect for the safety analysis process is the validation of the models and the reliability of the calculation results. This necessitates simulating in actual facilities physico-chemical situations related to the specific validation needs of the concerned codes.
Several of these computer codes were already applied for long time in the fission industry and have been validated for this purpose. Fusion, however, requires the development of specific codes or the extension of existing ones to deal with all fusion specific conditions. These newly developed or extended computer codes have to be validated by conducting representative experiments or by cross checking various codes based on different modelling approaches .
The paper reviews the most important computer codes applied for fusion plants and ITER safety analysis together with the validation efforts carried out in the various European Member States. Experimental data and facilities used for this purpose will also be presented. Finally, the paper addresses the still remaining gaps in the code validation and provides guidance on needs for further code development
