13,984 research outputs found
Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha et Timothy M. Shaw (dir.). Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa
No full textPélissier René. Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha et Timothy M. Shaw (dir.). Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1988 - 53ᵉannée. pp. 502-503
Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha et Timothy M. Shaw (dir.). Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa
No full textPélissier René. Ibrahim S. R. Msabaha et Timothy M. Shaw (dir.). Confrontation and Liberation in Southern Africa. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1988 - 53ᵉannée. pp. 502-503
The water resources structures on the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim routes to Makka and Medinah
No full textAI-Hajj in Arabic means the pilgrimage to MAKKA. This was
an ancient rite which was recognised a long time before the
rise of Islam. According to the holy Quran and Islamic
tradi tion, AI-Haj j goes back to the time of the prophet
Ibrahim. Thus MAKKA was a focus for worship but it was also
a commercial centre and a way station/stopping place on the
ancient trade caravan road between south western -Arabia and
Bilad AI-Sham,' now Syria. In part the inhabitants of MAKKA
practised this trade because their environment was not
suitable for other alternative economic activities.
The importance of MAKKA, as a ritual place increased after
the rise of Islam because it became Qibla-Kiblah -
the direction to which muslims turn in praying towards AIKa'aba.
Yathrib - later to become Medinah - is the second holy city.
In fact it was not a ritual place, but like MAKKA it was a
stopping place on the ancient trade caravan road. The
inhabitants of Medinah practised agriculture because their
environment was more suitable than that at MAKKA; water was
available and the land was fertile so that in addition to
trade, they also practised agriculture.
The importance of Medinah as a holy place only developed
after AI-Hijra - the immigration of the prophet Mohammad,
peace be upon him, to it and his establishing of Islam at
that site. Medinah became the capital of the Islamic state
both religiously and politically. Islam then spread from
Medinah over the Arabian Peninsular to the world beyond.
The consequence of the conquest of Iraq, Bilad AI-Sham,
Egypt, the north coast of Africa and Persia was that the
majority of the population of these countries accepted and
adopted Islam as their religious faith. As a result of this
the populations of these countries came annually to make AlHajj and in doing so developed several additional pilgrim
caravan routes. However, it is the Syrian and Egyptian
pilgrim routes - Tareeq AI-Hajj AI-Shami and Wal Masri which
are the objects of this work. In both these cases the
pilgrim caravan routes were previously ancient trade caravan
routes which travelled through Arabia, particularly through
the western province of Al Hijaz.
The geographical location of Arabia, the cross roads of
three continents, Asia, Africa, and Europe, made important
the pre-Islamic routes which ran through it. Of course the
function of this network at that time was commercial but
after the rise of Islam the function of this network of
routes became to transport the pilgrims. The geological and
topographical features, as well as climatic conditions, in
Arabia played a great role in determining the ancient routes
in Arabia. The availability of water was a very important
consideration on these routes and was influenced by
environmental conditions. Since the rainfall is
insufficient, the resulting absence or shortage of water on
the pilgrim caravan routes made the caliphs pay great
concern to providing the pilgrim routes with the most
essential facilities, particularly water supplies and
storage. Ever since the earliest Islamic times, they
provided for the travellers Al birak, water tanks; Ahwadh cisterns; Qanawat - channels; and abyar - wells, in order to
make AI-Hajj journey more comfortable. The pilgrim caravans
in general, and the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan
routes in particular, passed through several stages of
development since their origin in early Islamic times and
these evolutionary stages can be seen until the beginning of
this century. Because the object of this thesis is to
document the remains of the water resource structures, an
extensive survey and investigation has been completed on the
Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim caravan routes. The field work
has been conducted in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the
north western region where the Syrian and Egyptian pilgrim
routes cross the country. The field work mainly aimed at
ascertaining the location of all the way stations and their
names and surveying each station in order to record the
surviving remains of water resource structures. The field
work covered a large area of about 8, OOOkm transect and
extended from MACCA in the south through Medinah to the
North as far as Halat I Ammar on the north at the border
between Saudi Arabia and Jordan. From N.W. to S .Wit
stretched from Haql on the Gulf of AI-' Aqaba as far as
MAKKA. These routes consist of the major, or principal
caravan routes as well as a number of traverse routes which
allow travellers a choice of transit as well as connecting
routes. There are large way stations as well as small minor
way stations. As part of this dissertation, almost all the
stopping places have been identified and documented by mapping and photography
John O. Hunwick and R. Sean O’Fahey (eds.), Arabic Literature of Africa. Volume 1. The Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. 1900. Compiled by R. Sean O’Fahey, with the assistance of Muhammad Ibrahim Abu Salim, Albrecht Hofheinz, Yahya Muhammad Ibrahim, Bernd Radtke and Knut S. Viktør, E. J. Brill, Leiden-New York-Köln 1994, XV, 434 pp., bibl., ind.
No full textThe review of John O. Hunwick and R. Sean O’Fahey (eds.), Arabic Literature of Africa. Volume 1. The Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. 1900. Compiled by R. Sean O’Fahey, with the assistance of Muhammad Ibrahim Abu Salim, Albrecht Hofheinz, Yahya Muhammad Ibrahim, Bernd Radtke and Knut S. Viktør, E. J. Brill, Leiden-New York-Köln 1994, XV, 434 pp., bibl., ind.Maciej Klimiu
External interventions and the duration of civil wars
No full textThe authors combine an empirical model of external intervention, with a theoretical model of civil war duration. Their empirical model of intervention allows them to analyze civil war duration, using"expected"rather than"actual"external intervention as an explanatory variable in the duration model. Unlike previous studies, they find that external intervention is positively associated with the duration of civil war. They distinguish partial third-party interventions that extend the length of war, from multilateral"peace"operations, which have a mandate to restore peace without taking sides - and which typically take place at war's end, or at least when both sides have agreed to a cease-fire. In a future paper, the authors will examine whether partial third-party interventions - whatever their effect on a war's duration - increase the risk of war's recurrence. If that proves true, then even if interventions reduce the length of civil war, they may do so at the cost of further destabilizing the political system, and sowing the seeds of future rebellion.Children and Youth,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs,Post Conflict Reconstruction,Social Conflict and Violence,Peace&Peacekeeping,Post Conflict Reconstruction,International Affairs
ANALYSIS OF ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS IN THE USE OF MODAL COORDINATES
No full textA basic operation in several updating procedures and other modal analysis applications concerns the transformation of the complex modes, identified from experimental tests, into the real ones typical of theoretical models. In this transformation several approximations are normally adopted. This paper presents a discussion of two of these approximations: the first refers to a series expansion of the complex modes into the subspace of real modes, commonly used for normalization of complex modes. The second, used in advanced modal analysis applications, relates the physical damped co-ordinates to the modal ones through the real modal matrix. An explanation of the limitations of these assumptions is given through analytical developments and numerical results obtained from a discrete model
Matrix decomposition techniques: use and limitation in modal analysis
No full textMany activities in modal analysis research and applications are classified under the general area of the inverse
problem. Examples are modal parameter identification, parameter identification, finite element model updating and damage
detection, among others.
These type of problems usually result in a system of linear equations that are characterized by one or both of the following:
(a) ill conditioned system of equations,
(b) Underdetemined system of equations.
Matrix decomposition or factorization techniques can be extremely helpful in dealing with or detecting singularities and
numerical ill conditioning. Among these methods are:
(a) QR and QL algorithms,
(b) LU factorization,
(c) Chokesky decomposition,
(d) Singular Value Decomposition.
This paper is to introduce the theoretical grounds of these mathematical tools. Application of these techniques in modal
analysis is illustrated and limitations and usefulness of solutions are emphasized
A Study on pigmentation and inhibitor changes in various rosa species (R. canina L., R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. orientalis (Dupont) Meikle., R. hemisphaerica J. Herrm. ) which are exhibiting different rooting system
No full textBu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Ana Bilim DalıÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi Köktenine Farklılığı Olan Değişik Rosa Türlerinde (R. canına L., R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. orientalis (Dupont) Meikle., R. hemisphaerica J. Herrm.) Pigmentasyon ve Inhibitor Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma Bülent F RK İLİÇ Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. İbrahim YALÇIN Köktenine farklılığı gösteren ve doğal koşullarda yetişen R. canına L., R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. orientalis (Dupont) Meikle. ve R. hemisphaerica 3. Herrm., bireylerinin bir yıllık sürgünlerinde anatomik yapı, pigment (klorofil a, klorofil b ve karotenoid) ve absisik asit (ABA) içerikleri incelendi. Anatomik yapı, ABA ve pigment içeriklerinin köklenme davranışı ile olan ilişkisi araştırıldı. ABA içeriği ve ABA/karotenoid oranı, hem R. canina ve hem de R. Heckeliana' da R. hemisphaerica'yu göre daha düşük bulundu. Periderm ise kolay köklenen R. canina ve R. heckeliana1 'da oldukça ince bir yapıda iken, zor köklenen R. hemisphaerica' da oldukça kalın olduğu görüldü. Zor köklenen türde korteks hücrelerinin pigment ve kristal içeriği kolay köklenenlere göre daha yoğundur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Rosa, Pigmentasyon, Inhibitor, Sürgün çeliği, Köklenme11 SUMMARY Master Thesis A Study on Pigmentation and Inhibitor Changes in Various Rosa Species (R. canına L., R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. orientalis (Dupont) Meikle., R. hemisphaerica J. Herrm.) Which are Exhibiting Different Rooting System Bülent ERKILIÇ Cumhuriyet University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ibrahim YALÇIN The anatomic structure, pigment (chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b and carotenoid) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents of R. canına L., R. heckeliana Tratt. mbsp.orientalis (Dupont) Meikle. and R. hemisphaerica J. Herrm. 's were investigated in one year old shoot individuals which were exhibiting different rooting and grown under natural conditions. The relationship between anatomic structure, ABA, pigment contents and rooting behaviour were studied. ABA content and ABA/carotenoid ratio at R. canina and R. heckeliana were found to be lower than R. hemisphaerica 's ABA content and ABA/carotenoid ratio. In easy rooted R. canina and R. heckeliana periderm was quite thin in contrast; hardly rooted R. hemisphaerica was found to be very thick. In hardly rooted species, cortex cells pigment and cristal content are more dense than easy rooted species. Key Words: Rosa, Pigmentation, Inhibitory, Stem cutting, Rootin
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