1,913 research outputs found
Stenaelurillus gabrieli Prajapati, Murthappa, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textStenaelurillus gabrieli sp. nov. Figs 1A–B, 2A–C, 3A–F, 4A–C, 5A–D, 10 Type material. Holotype: male (ADSH 83503 Ci) from Wilson Hills in Dharampur, 20°29'41.52"N, 73°19'52.19"E, Gujarat, India, 456 m. alt., 30 October 2014, D. A. Prajapati leg., by hand from the ground; Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (ADSH 83503 Cii), same data as holotype. Additional material examined. INDIA: Gujarat: Vansda, 20°41'37.27"N, 73°32'09.07"E, 227 m. alt., 30 October 2014, D. A. Prajapati leg., by hand from the ground, 1 female, 2 juvenile females (ADSH 83503 Ciii); Gujarat University Campus in Ahmedabad, 23°02'19.90"N, 72°32'35.79"E, 52 m.alt., 3 December 2014, D. A. Prajapati leg., by hand from the ground, 1 female (ADSH 83503Civ). Diagnosis. Stenaelurillus gabrieli sp. nov. is similar to S. natalensis Haddad & Wesołowska (see Haddad & Wesołowska 2006: figs. 22–26, 28), but can be separated from the latter and all other congeners by the following combination of characters: males by the terminally bifurcated and thick embolus resembling the ‘trunk’ of an elephant (Figs 2C, arrow, 3F), the short, sclerotized plate lying between the basal parts of embolus and terminal apophysis (Figs 2C, 3F), the single disto-dorsal and long median spine on the palpal femur (Fig 3C, arrows) (this feature has not been recorded in any other described species, except S. albus, which has only a single disto-dorsal spine), the size and shape of terminal apophysis (Figs 2A, C). Females are distinguished by the thick and S-shaped copulatory duct, and the size and position of epigynal pocket (Figs 4A–B, 5C–D). Description. Male (holotype, Figs 1A, 3A–C): Prosoma blackish-brown with white marginal bands of nearly uniform thickness; antero-lateral sides of prosoma provided with additional white hairs; thoracic region dorsally with paired white longitudinal bands extending back from the PLE. Eye field black; anterior row of eyes encircled by tiny black hairs; anterior margin of eye field with thick dense bristles. Clypeus, chelicerae brownish, sparsely covered by long, white hairs. Cheliceral promargin with two teeth, one large and one small, and retromargin with one large tooth. Fangs short, yellowish-brown. Endites, labium, sternum brownish; maxillae with scopulae. Opisthosoma shield-shaped; dorsum blackish-brown with an anterior somewhat ‘spectacle’- shaped pattern and posterior two white spots and short, median, longitudinal patch, which together form an inverted triangle; lateral opisthosoma and venter brown with numerous black striae and patches of white hairs. Spinnerets blackish-brown. Leg segments brownish with black patches. Body length 5.66 (variation: 5.25–5.66, n=2). Prosoma length 2.92, width (at the middle) 2.13, height (at the middle) 1.81. Opisthosoma length 2.74, width (at the middle) 2.03, height (at the middle) 1.78. Eye diameter: ALE 0.32, AME 0.56, PLE 0.25, PME 0.07. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE‒ALE 1.22, ALE–PME 0.28, PLE–PLE 1.48, PME–PME 1.65, PME–PLE 0.26. Clypeus height at ALE 0.30, at AME 0.20. Chelicera length 0.72. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.08 [0.79, 0.27, 0.23, 0.79], I 4.63 [1.54, 0.83, 0.89, 0.73, 0.64], II 4.51 [1.59, 0.76, 0.84, 0.63, 0.69], III 6.55 [2.07, 0.77, 1.42, 1.48, 0.81], IV 6.82 [2.06, 0.78, 1.43, 1.72, 0.83]. Leg formula: 4312. Spination. Palp: 0 200, 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0, 0000; legs: femora I 0 500, II 0 710, III 2600, IV 0700; patellae I–II 1000, III–IV 0200; tibiae I–II 2004, III 2323, IV 3133; metatarsi I 3204, II 2024, III 3234, IV 2534; tarsi I–IV 0 0 0 0. Pedipalp (Figs 2A–C, 3D–F): palpal segments pale yellow; femur and patella with black blotches; femur with two dorsal spines; a short distal spine encircled by short black hairs, a long median spine; dorsally and prolaterally with long yellowish hairs (Fig 3C); patella with black hairs dorsally, yellowish hairs ventrally; tibia laterally with long yellowish-white hairs; cymbium dorsally with yellowish-white hairs, laterally with long black hairs. Ventral tibial apophysis short with blunt end, directed at 1 o’clock position in ventral view (Figs 2A, 3D). Retrolateral tibial apophysis simple with broad base, pointed end, directed at 1 o’ clock position in ventral view, left palp (Figs 2A, 3D). Bulb yellowish-brown, with a retrolateral creamy-white region running from the base of the terminal apophysis up to the anterior curving of sperm duct (Figs 2A–B); tegulum disto-medially provided with a short, sclerotized plate, lying between embolus and terminal apophysis (Figs 2C, 3F); proximal retrolateral lobe of tegulum not fused with tibia; embolus short, directed at 12 o’clock position in ventral view, with ‘lip-like’ tip resembling the ‘trunk’ of elephant (Figs 2A, 2C, 3F); conductor apparently absent; terminal apophysis thick, short, nearly as long as the embolus, directed at 10 o’clock position in ventral view (Figs 2A, 2C, 3F). Female (paratype, Figs 1B, 5A–B): In all details like male, except the following: Prosoma brown. Anterior row of eyes encircled by tiny white hairs. Clypeus pale yellow. Fangs reddish-brown. Sternum pale yellow. Opisthosoma oval; dorsum brown to blackish-brown, provided anteriorly with a pair of large irregular, pale yellow patches and three small patches lying below the larger patches that roughly forming a triangle; posterior spots are brown. Palpal segments dull yellow with black patches. Body length 7.02 (variation: 6.50–7.02, n=3). Prosoma length 3.28, width (at the middle) 2.19, height (at the middle) 1.69. Opisthosoma length 3.74, width (at the middle) 3.01, height (at the middle) 2.70. Eye diameter: ALE 0.32, AME 0.57, PLE 0.26, PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE‒ALE 1.23, ALE–PME 0.45, PLE–PLE 1.47, PME–PME 1.65, PME– PLE 0.24. Clypeus height at ALE 0.64, at AME 0.24. Chelicera length 0.79. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.23 [0.82, 0.24, 0.45, 0.72], I 4.57 [1.63, 0.74, 0.79, 0.78, 0.63], II 4.6 [1.64, 0.78, 0.91, 0.67, 0.60], III 6.79 [2.36, 0.81, 1.48, 1.38, 0.76], IV 7.23 [2.19, 0.75, 1.46, 1.97, 0.86]. Leg formula: 4321. Spination. Palp: 0 100, 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0, 0201; legs: femora I–II 1600, III 2510, IV 0510; patellae I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2005, II 2004, III 4133, IV 3333; metatarsus I 2004, II 1024, III 2634, IV 2524; tarsi I–IV 0 0 0 0. Epigynum (Figs 4A–C, 5C–D): simple, represented by triangular sclerotized plate (Figs 4A, 5C). Copulatory openings large, obliquely placed, situated near the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 4A, 5C). Copulatory ducts thick, S-shaped with small, nearly spherical spermathecae (Figs 4B–C, 5D). Epigynal pocket narrow, elongated, reaching nearly up to the anterior epigynal margin (Figs 4A, 5C). Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Padma Bhushan Fr. Gabriel Chiramel CMI, the founder of the Department of Zoology, for his great contributions to the Sacred Heart College, on the occasion of his 102th birthday.Published as part of Prajapati, Dhruv A., Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2016, Two new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina), pp. 321-334 in Zootaxa 4171 (2) on pages 322-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/27245
Chrysso makiling Murthappa & Malamel & Prajapati & Sebastian & Venkateshwarlu 2017, comb. nov.
No full textChrysso makiling (Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, 2015) comb. nov. Chrysso makiling Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, 2015; Figs. 1A–D (Generic name misspelled; description and illustration of ♀ [Type from Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines; A.T Barrion leg.; repository Arachnological collection of the UP Los Banos Museum of Natural History (UPLBMNH), College, laguna, Philippines- Not examined]). Justification for the transfer. Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, (2015) described this species only from the female specimen. The original drawings and descriptive characters given by Barrion-Dupo & Barrion, (2015; Figs. 1A–D) indicate that this species shares the characteristic features of Meotipa rather than Chrysso: Opisthosoma with black lanceolate spines dorsally, long legs with lanceolate spines (in chrysso spines are sharp or needle like) middorsally and anteriodorsally. All these characters clearly suggest the evidence for the transfer and hereby we transfer this species from Chrysso to Meotipa.Published as part of Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Malamel, Jobi J., Prajapati, Dhruv A., Sebastian, Pothalil A. & Venkateshwarlu, Mididoddi, 2017, First description of the male of the type species Meotipa picturata Simon, 1895 and description of a new Meotipa species (Araneae, Theridiidae) from India, pp. 589-596 in Zootaxa 4344 (3) on page 595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4344.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/104376
Tropizodium viridurbium Prajapati, Murthappa, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016, sp. n.
No full textTropizodium viridurbium sp. n. (Figs. 4 A, 5 A–C, 8 A–G) Type material. Holotype: Female (ADSH 112762 A), INDIA: Gujarat: Gandhinagar, Aranya Park near Palaj, 23 ° 11 ' 42.30 "N, 72 ° 40 ' 25.67 "E, 77 m alt., 17 June 2015, D. A. Prajapati leg., from ground, by hand. Diagnosis. T. viridurbium sp. n. is closely related to Tropizodium murphyorum Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop, 2012, but can be easily differentiated by a median ‘crescent shaped’ sclerotized plate adjacent to the posterior epigynal margin (compare fig. 5 B with Dankittipakul et al. 2012 a, figs. 7, 12). Description. Female (holotype, Figs 4 A, 8 A–E): Prosoma, clypeus, chelicerae, fangs, maxillae, labium, leg segments brownish. Cephalic region square shaped, dark brown with reticulation; thoracic region broad. Clypeal margin provided with long, thick bristles. Chilum absent. Chelicerae with stout dorsal setae; cheliceral margins without teeth; inter-cheliceral triangle small. Sternum pale yellowish, heart shaped, with triangular extensions fitting in coxal concavities. Opisthosoma oval; dorsum and lateral sides black, dorsum with creamy-white striae; venter pale yellowish. Leg segments with thick covering of incised hairs; femora I–III provided with single dorsal spine; tibiae I–IV with single pair of ventral spines; metatarsus I with single pair of ventral spines, II–IV possess several irregularly placed ventral spines (II– 6, III– 10 and IV– 9). Palpal segments brownish; patellae with one prolateral spine, tibiae with two prolateral spines, cymbium/tarsi with four prolateral and one ventral spines. Posterior ventral spines (PVS) present, arranged in single row (Fig. 8 D). Body length 4.65. Prosoma length 2.14, width (in the middle) 1.67, height (in the middle) 1.27. Opisthosoma length 2.51, width (in the middle) 2.02, height (in the middle) 2.1. Eye diameter: ALE 0.08. AME 1.59. PLE 0.06. PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.11. AME–ALE 0.04. AME–PME 0.06. ALE–PME 0.05. ALE–ALE 0.5. PLE–PLE 0.3. PME–PME 0.48. PME– PLE 0.09. Clypeus height at ALE 0.37, at AME 0.57. Chelicera length 0.59. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 1.62 [0.57, 0.31, 0.35, 0.39], I 7.19 [1.79, 0.45, 1.49, 2.21, 1.25], II 6.46 [1.7, 0.46, 1.32, 1.96, 1.02], III 6.43 [1.69, 0.47, 1.27, 2.06, 0.94], IV 8.61 [2.38, 0.47, 2.0, 2.66, 1.10]. Leg formula: 4123. Epigyne (Figs. 5 A–C, 8 F–G): Epigyne simple. Spermathecae nearly globular. Copulatory ducts short, originate posterior to spermathecae (Fig. 5 B). Epigynal orifice absent, instead a median ‘crescent shaped’ sclerotized plate closely adhered to the posterior epigynal margin (Figs. 5 B, 8 G). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and is derived from the combination of two Latin words: viridis (green) + urbs (city), referring to the nickname of the type locality (Gandhinagar) ‘Green city’. Distribution. Only known from type locality (Fig. 9).Published as part of Prajapati, Dhruv A., Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2016, Two new species of the ant-eating spider genus Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchill, 2005 (Araneae, Zodariidae, Zodariinae) from India, pp. 575-584 in Zootaxa 4061 (5) on pages 579-581, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/25690
Two new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina)
No full textPrajapati, Dhruv A., Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2016): Two new species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 from India (Araneae: Salticidae: Aelurillina). Zootaxa 4171 (2): 321-334, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.
G6PD deficiency in Vataliya prajapati community settled in Surat
No full textBACKGROUND: A Study on Vataliya Prajapati was published earlier but
heterozygous females were not identified. AIMS: To compare incidence
of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in random and
unrelated subjects, present and previous study and as per their
original habitat. Incidence of heterozygous deficiency and clinical
implication of deficiency was also determined. SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Camps were organized in Katargaon and Amroli regions. Blood specimens,
with relevant demographic information, were collected from those who
attended the camp. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A total of 1644 random blood
samples were collected from 404 families participating in the camps.
Nitroblue tetrazolium dye test was used for G6PD deficiency screening
and quantitative assay for measurement of G6PD enzyme activity.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: χ2 test was used to evaluate
significance and mean values were compared by the Student′s "t"
test. RESULTS: Incidence of G6PD deficiency was found as 22% among
all the random samples tested. However, the G6PD deficiency among
unrelated members was 27.9% in males and 12.4% (P<0.001,df 1). The
13.9% of the females with heterozygous G6PD deficient status, together
with the homozygous deficient phenotype makes the incidence comparable
with males. Incidence of deficiency was comparable with previous study,
in Katargam and Amroli and in Amerli and Bhavganar districts. Deficient
subjects had mild anemia and hemolytic crisis rarely occurred.
CONCLUSION: Vataliya Prajapatis have high incidence of G6PD deficiency
without severe chronic hemolytic anemia. However before prescribing
medicines physician should know the G6PD status of a Vataliya Prajapati
patient
G6PD deficiency in Vataliya prajapati community settled in Surat
No full textBACKGROUND: A Study on Vataliya Prajapati was published earlier but
heterozygous females were not identified. AIMS: To compare incidence
of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in random and
unrelated subjects, present and previous study and as per their
original habitat. Incidence of heterozygous deficiency and clinical
implication of deficiency was also determined. SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Camps were organized in Katargaon and Amroli regions. Blood specimens,
with relevant demographic information, were collected from those who
attended the camp. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A total of 1644 random blood
samples were collected from 404 families participating in the camps.
Nitroblue tetrazolium dye test was used for G6PD deficiency screening
and quantitative assay for measurement of G6PD enzyme activity.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: χ2 test was used to evaluate
significance and mean values were compared by the Student′s "t"
test. RESULTS: Incidence of G6PD deficiency was found as 22% among
all the random samples tested. However, the G6PD deficiency among
unrelated members was 27.9% in males and 12.4% (P<0.001,df 1). The
13.9% of the females with heterozygous G6PD deficient status, together
with the homozygous deficient phenotype makes the incidence comparable
with males. Incidence of deficiency was comparable with previous study,
in Katargam and Amroli and in Amerli and Bhavganar districts. Deficient
subjects had mild anemia and hemolytic crisis rarely occurred.
CONCLUSION: Vataliya Prajapatis have high incidence of G6PD deficiency
without severe chronic hemolytic anemia. However before prescribing
medicines physician should know the G6PD status of a Vataliya Prajapati
patient
Polarimetric measurement method to calculate optical beam shifts
No full textStokes polarimetry measurements are carried out to calculate the spatial and angular Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts of a Gaussian beam reflected at glass-air interface, by measuring the phase difference between the TE and TM components and the amplitude of reflection. Variation of the beam shifts as a function of input beam polarization is also measured. The results obtained here are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and the results obtained using a position sensitive detector. The polarimetric measurement method is accurate, independent of the intensity distribution of the beam, and opens up a new method to study the beam shift problem
Tropizodium kalami Prajapati, Murthappa, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016, sp. n.
No full text<i>Tropizodium kalami</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs. 1A–B, 2A–C, 3A–C, 6A–H, 7A–G)</p> <p> <b>Type material: Holotype:</b> Male (ADSH 112761 A), <b> INDIA: <i>Kerala</i>:</b> Ernakulam, Thevara in Kochi, Sacred Heart CMI Public School ground, 9°56'15.90"N, 76°17'50.91"E, 10 m alt., 2 February 2015, D. A. Prajapati leg., from ground, by hand; <b>Paratype:</b> 2 females (ADSH 112761 B), same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>T. kalami</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is most similar to <i>Tropizodium siam</i> Dankittipakul, Jocqué & Singtripop, 2012 and <i>Tropizodium serraferum</i> (Lin & Li, 2009), but can be distinguished from the mentioned species by the following combination of characters: retrolateral tibial apophysis with narrow distal part, sharp median retrolateral bend, median apophysis with apico-retrolateral depression, retrolateral lobe of median apophysis with prolateral fold, long tortuous copulatory ducts originating apico-retrolateral to spermathecae and medially placed hairband shaped epigynal orifice (compare Figs 2B–C, 3A–B & 6E with Dankittipakul <i>et al.</i> 2012, figs. 4–6, 10–11 & Lin & Li 2009, figs. 1–4, 5–7).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Male</i> (holotype, Figs 1A, 6A–C, 6G–H): Prosoma, clypeus, chelicerae, sternum, maxillae, labium, spinnerets, leg segments pale yellowish. Clypeal margin with long, thick bristles. Chilum absent. Dorsum of chelicerae bears stout setae; cheliceral margins without teeth; inter-cheliceral triangle small. Fangs reddishbrown, short. Sternum heart shaped, with triangular extensions fitting in coxal concavities. Opisthosoma oval; dorsum sepia with pale yellow striae and spots; lateral sides and venter pale yellowish. Leg segments with thick covering of incised hairs; femora I–II with single dorsal spine, metatarsi II and III (right one) distally with single pair of ventral spines. Posterior ventral spines (PVS) present, arranged in single row (Fig. 6H). Body length 1.86. Prosoma length 0.91, width (in the middle) 0.55, height (in the middle) 0.40. Opisthosoma length 0.95, width (in the middle) 0.47, height (in the middle) 0.40. Eye diameter: ALE 0.05. AME 0.11. PLE 0.06. PME 0.05. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.04. AME–ALE 0.01. AME–PME 0.02. ALE–PME 0.02. ALE–ALE 0.24. PLE–PLE 0.16. PME–PME 0.21. PME–PLE 0.01. Clypeus height at ALE 0.14, at AME 0.10. Chelicera length 0.29. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 1.1 [0.34, 0.24, 0.15, 0.37], I 2.42 [0.65, 0.21, 0.57, 0.56, 0.43], II 2.08 [0.53, 0.18, 0.44, 0.50, 0.43], III 2.03 [0.53, 0.15, 0.42, 0.53, 0.40], IV 3.07 [0.80, 0.22, 0.71, 0.82, 0.52]. Leg formula: 4123. <i>Pedipalp</i> (Figs. 2A–C, 6D–F): Palpal segments pale yellowish. Cymbium apically with single stout spine, prolaterally with three comb-like setae (Figs. 2A, 6D). Retrolateral tibial apophysis large resembling the ‘horn of antelope’, nearly as long as the cymbium, with narrow distal half, with sharp median retrolateral bend not visible in retrolateral view (Figs 2A–C, 6D–F). Median apophysis massive, with apico-retrolateral depression; retrolateral lobe of median apophysis with prolateral fold (2B, 6E). Tegulum with median transparent part (Figs 2A, 6D). Embolus short, spiniform, directed at 2’o clock position in ventral view. Sperm duct proximally thick, distally narrow, with a sharp retrolateral inverted ‘U’ shaped bend (Figs 2A–B, 6D–E).</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (Paratype, Figs. 1B, 7A–E). In all details like male except the followings: cephalic region provided with numerous thick bristles. Opisthosoma sepia with numerous creamy-white spots. Palp without spines. Body length 3.32. Prosoma length 1.15, width (in the middle) 0.7, height (in the middle) 0.63. Opisthosoma length 2.17, width (in the middle) 1.52, height (in the middle) 1.6. Eye diameter: ALE 0.04. AME 0.10. PLE 0.02. PME 0.04. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05. AME–ALE 0.01. AME–PME 0.03. ALE–PME 0.06. ALE–ALE 0.28. PLE– PLE 0.18. PME–PME 0.26. PME–PLE 0.03. Clypeus height at ALE 0.21, at AME 0.24. Chelicera length 0.39. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 0.93 [0.33, 0.15, 0.21, 0.24], I 3.25 [0.84, 0.30, 0.69, 0.80, 0.62], II 2.99 [0.78, 0.31, 0.59, 0.79, 0.52], III 2.96 [0.79, 0.31, 0.57, 0.81, 0.48], IV 4.2 [1.10, 0.39, 0.95, 1.16, 0.60]. <i>Epigyne</i> (Figs.</p> <p>3A–C, 7F–G): simple, weakly sclerotized. Spermathecae nearly globular, situated far from each other (Figs. 3B, 7G). Copulatory ducts longer as well as thicker than other species, meandering, with thick basal part, originate apico-retrolaterally to spermathecae (Figs. 3B, 7G). Epigynal orifice ‘hairband’ shaped, situated medially, with pointed ends (Figs. 3B, 7G).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Female: (n = 2) Body length 2.03–3.32.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet is a tribute to Bharat Ratna Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the former President (“People’s President”) of India, whose life is always inspiring students from all over the world.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Only known from the type locality (Fig. 9).</p>Published as part of <i>Prajapati, Dhruv A., Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2016, Two new species of the ant-eating spider genus Tropizodium Jocqué & Churchill, 2005 (Araneae, Zodariidae, Zodariinae) from India, pp. 575-584 in Zootaxa 4061 (5)</i> on pages 576-579, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.5.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/256907">http://zenodo.org/record/256907</a>
Cambalida deorsa Murthappa, Prajapati, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016, sp. n.
No full textCambalida deorsa sp. n. (Figs 1 A–K, 2 A–E, 3 A–E) Type material. Holotype: ♂ with left leg I missing (ADSH 18102 A), INDIA: Karnataka: Shimoga: Shankaraghatta: Jnana Sahyadri campus of Kuvempu University, 13 ° 44 '00.92"N, 75 ° 37 ' 44.22 "E, 680 m a.s.l., S.M. Prashanthakumara leg., 28 May 2015, by hand from the ground; Paratypes: 2 ♀ (ADSH 18102 B), same data as holotype except 14 September 2015; 1 ♀ (ADSH 18102 C), INDIA: Gujarat: Gandhinagar, The Serenity Library and Botanical Garden in Koteshwar village, 23 °06' 42.27 ''N, 72 ° 37 ' 23.95 ''E, 63 m a.s.l., D.A. Prajapati leg., 26 June 2015, by hand from the ground. Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and is derived from the downwardly directed median turn of the embolus. Latin deorsum = downward. Diagnosis. Cambalida deorsa sp. n. is most similar to C. compressa Haddad, 2012 from West Africa but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: embolus nearly uniform in width along the entire length (Figs 2 A–C, 3 A–C) (embolus in C. compressa broad proximally but narrow distally, see Haddad 2012: fig. 59); median turn of embolus oblique to the longitudinal axis and directed downward (Figs 2 C, 3 C) (in C. compressa and all other described Cambalida spp. with either transverse or oblique and distally directed median embolar turn, see Haddad 2012: figs 50–56); embolic tip directed at 11 o’ clock in ventral view (Figs 2 C, 3 C) (embolic tip in C. compressa directed at 12 o’ clock in ventral view, see Haddad 2012: fig. 50); epigyne with circular plate-like ridges (Figs 2 D, 3 D) (C. compressa with 6 -shaped epigynal ridges, see Haddad 2012: fig. 57); copulatory ducts with sharp median curve (Fig. 3 E) (copulatory ducts of C. compressa with less prominent median curve, see Haddad 2012: fig. 58); fertilization ducts short (Fig. 3 E) (C. compressa with long fertilization ducts, see Haddad 2012: fig. 58); and posterior border of epigyne W-shaped (Figs 2 D, 2 E, 3 D, 3 E) (posterior border of epigyne in C. compressa convex, see Haddad 2012: figs 57, 58). Description. Male in alcohol (holotype, Figs 1 A–E): Prosoma, chelicerae, fangs, sternum reddish-brown. Prosoma pear-shaped, with tiny tubercles; fovea short, distinct. Eyefield black. Clypeus, labium, maxillae brownish. Clypeus provided marginally with long thick bristles. Maxillae with scopulae, labium not. Chelicerae with apical fang shield mound bearing long, unmodified setae; cheliceral promargin with 3 teeth, median largest; retromargin with 2 teeth. Coxae yellowish-brown; femora I & II brownish, III & IV yellowish; tarsi I & II brownish, III & IV yellowish. Opisthosoma rectangular, with dorsal, ventral, epigastric and tracheal (inframamillary) scuta; tracheal scute broad, nearly circular in shape (Fig. 1 E); post-epigastric sclerites well developed (Fig. 1 E); dorsum blackish-brown, with large whitish patch posteriorly just above the spinnerets; venter reddish-brown. Prosoma, opisthosoma, legs covered with feathery hairs; femora III and IV with distal constrictions (Fig. 1 K, arrow). Spinnerets grey with whitish tip. Body length 3.7. Prosoma length 1.88, width 1.36, height 0.58. Opisthosoma length 1.82, width 1.16, height 1.04. Eye diameters: ALE 0.09, AME 0.08, PLE 0.11, PME 0.10. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.26, ALE–PME 0.16, PLE–PLE 0.36, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.02, AME–ALE 0.01, AME–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.07. Clypeus height at ALE 0.11, at AME 0.15. Chelicerae length 0.58. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp (right) 1.75 [0.57, 0.23, 0.24, 0.71], I (right) 4.97 [1.37, 0.45, 1.20, 1.10, 0.84], II 4.29 [1.22, 0.41, 1.01, 0.94, 0.71], III 4.23 [1.15, 0.42, 0.91, 1.15, 0.60], IV 6.66 [1.73, 0.53, 1.58, 1.93, 0.89]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination. Palp: femur do 2, patella do 1, tibia pl 1, cymbium/tarsus pl 3; legs: femora: I (right)–II pl 1 do 3, III–IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: I–IV spineless; tibiae: I (right) plv 2 rlv 1, II rlv 1, III pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 rl 1 rlv 1, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2; metatarsi: I (right) plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 1 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2 vt 1, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 3 rlv 2 vt 1; tarsi: I–IV spineless. Pedipalp (Figs 2 A–C, 3 A–C). Palpal segments dark brown; cymbium/tarsus apically with six stout setae on dorsal surface, arranged in three rows (2 – 2 – 2); apical cymbium shows an unusual modification forming a ‘thick cone’ (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Bulb straw coloured; sperm duct broad along the entire length; embolus with nearly uniform thickness, with 1 ¼ coils, with pointed tip directed at 11 o’ clock in ventral view (Figs 2 B–C, 3 B–C). Female in alcohol (paratype, Figs 1 F–K): In all details like male except the following: Prosoma with a median longitudinal dark band between the fovea and the posterior eye row, with dorso-lateral black striations. Chelicerae with apical fang shield mound bearing long, unmodified setae (Fig. 1 J). Opisthosoma ovate, greyish; dorsum with small anterior scutum, with two pairs of sigilla; posteriorly with a pair of short, parallel, rectangular white patches; venter with four longitudinal discontinuous lines, without ventral scutum; post-epigastric sclerite poorly defined. Leg segments of III and IV brownish. Palpal segments yellowish-brown. Body length 4.94. Prosoma length 2.24, width 1.68, height 0.62. Opisthosoma length 2.70, width 1.76, height 1.74. Eye diameters: ALE 0.12, AME 0.11, PLE 0.14, PME 0.135. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.31, ALE–PME 0.15, PLE–PLE 0.49, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.07, AME–ALE 0.01, AME–PME 0.12, ALE–PLE 0.07. Clypeus height at ALE 0.10, at AME 0.10. Chelicerae length 0.89. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.17 [0.65, 0.31, 0.43, 0.78], I 6.01 [1.68, 0.57, 1.47, 1.31, 0.98], II 5.45 [1.58, 0.53, 1.26, 1.17, 0.91], III 5.17 [1.51, 0.40, 1.07, 1.40, 0.79], IV 7.94 [2.03, 0.60, 1.96, 2.24, 1.11]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination. Palp: femur do 2, patella pl 1 do 2, tibia pl 2 rl 2, tarsus pl 2 rl 1 plv 1 rlv 1; legs: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II pl 1 do 3 rl 1, III–IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae: I–IV spineless; tibiae: I plv 2 rlv 2, II pl 1 rlv 2, III–IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 3 rlv 2; metatarsi: I–II plv 2 rlv 2, III–IV pl 4 do 1 rl 4 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 1; tarsi: I–IV spineless. Epigynum (Figs 2 D–E, 3 D–E): Weakly sclerotised with circular epigynal ridges, with medium sized lateral copulatory openings, with W-shaped posterior margin (Figs 3 D–E). Spermathecae dumb-bell shaped with spherical anterior part (spermathecae II) and reniform posterior part (spermathecae I). Copulatory ducts long, dark, with sharp median inward curving (Figs 2 E, 3 E). Fertilization ducts tiny, medially placed on spermathecae I (Fig. 3 E). Distribution. South and mid-western India (Fig. 7).Published as part of Murthappa, Prashanthakumara S., Prajapati, Dhruv A., Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A., 2016, First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination, pp. 526-536 in Zootaxa 4103 (6) on pages 527-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.6.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26060
Out-of-plane behaviour of single-body unreinforced-masonry wall restrained by a flexible diaphragm
No full textPast earthquakes have shown the high vulnerability of existing masonry buildings, particularly to out-of-plane local collapse mechanisms. Out-of-plane response is one of the most debated topics in the last decades, because of its complex nature as for geometrical non-linearity, energy damping, record sensitivity. In this work is considered a monolithic wall, resting on a foundation, restrained by a flexible diaphragm. The wall rocks around two base pivots and has one degree of freedom. Its thickness is explicitly accounted for, and the diaphragm is modelled as a linear-elastic spring and a concentrated mass. The non-linear equation of motion is presented, within a lagrangian approach. The energy dissipation is associated to the impact of the wall against the foundation. The effect of size of the wall, diaphragm stiffness and mass are evaluated through parametric analyses. Neglecting the diaphragm mass, the results can be interpreted also as related to a wall restrained at the top by tie-rods
- …
