24 research outputs found
Comment on “Oxygen Vacancy Origin of the Surface Band-Gap State of TiO2(110)”
No full textWendt S, Bechstein R, Porsgaard S, et al. Comment on “Oxygen Vacancy Origin of the Surface Band-Gap State of TiO2(110)”. Physical Review Letters. 2010;104(25): 259703
Stabilization Principles for Polar Surfaces of ZnO
No full textLauritsen JV, Porsgaard S, Rasmussen MK, et al. Stabilization Principles for Polar Surfaces of ZnO. ACS Nano. 2011;5(7):5987-5994
Supplementary_Table_2 – Supplemental material for Intraintestinal and Parenteral Administration of an Insulin Analogue Leads to Comparable Activation of Signaling Downstream of the Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestine
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Table_2 for Intraintestinal and Parenteral Administration of an Insulin Analogue Leads to Comparable Activation of Signaling Downstream of the Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestine by Henning Hvid, Jonas Kildegaard, Kim Kristensen, Trine Porsgaard, Mikkel S. Jørgensen, Borja Ballarín-González, Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne, Bo F. Hansen and Erica Nishimura in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology</p
Supplementary_Information – Supplemental material for Intraintestinal and Parenteral Administration of an Insulin Analogue Leads to Comparable Activation of Signaling Downstream of the Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestine
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Information for Intraintestinal and Parenteral Administration of an Insulin Analogue Leads to Comparable Activation of Signaling Downstream of the Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestine by Henning Hvid, Jonas Kildegaard, Kim Kristensen, Trine Porsgaard, Mikkel S. Jørgensen, Borja Ballarín-González, Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne, Bo F. Hansen and Erica Nishimura in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology</p
Knowledge Management in the Construction Industry
No full textDette speciale tager udgangspunkt i Nonakas teori om organisatorisk videnskabelse. Formålet er at undersøge, hvordan denne kan anvendes til skabelse af ny viden i virksomheder, der opererer i bygge- og anlægsbranchen. Emnet er valgt på baggrund af den stigende interesse for videnledelse samt branchens nuværende situation. Flere teoretikere mener, at samfundsudviklingen bevæger sig fra det postindustrielle til et vidensamfund, hvor viden er virksomhedernes mest værdifulde ressource, hvilket betyder, at ledelse af viden er yderst interessant. Mange ansatte er siden 2007 blevet afskediget fra deres arbejde, grundet den økonomiske nedgang. Ud fra den præmis, at mennesker er lig med viden, kan det udledes, at mange virksomheder således har mistet en del af sine ressourcer. Det er relevant at undersøge, hvordan disse videnressourcer kan genopbygges og derfor er hovedspørgsmålet i dette projekt formuleret som: • Hvordan kan Nonakas teori om organisatorisk videnskabelse operationaliseres således, at den bliver anvendelig for virksomheder i den danske bygge- og anlægsbranche til at skabe og udbrede ny viden, som kan implementeres i produkter, ydelser og procedure med det formål at skabe større konkurrenceevne? Dette spørgsmål er udledt af en gennemgang og kritik af Nonakas teori om organisatorisk videnskabelse, som er foretaget ud fra den førnævnte interesse for videnledelse samt bygge- og anlægsbranchens nuværende situation, hvor det har været nødvendigt at afskedige mange medarbejdere. Teorien kritiseres i denne rapport for at mangle konkrete værktøjer og metoder således en praktisk anvendelighed er mulig. Derfor foretages der på baggrund af problemformuleringen en analyse af den generiske fem fase-model, som Nonaka fremfører som en model, der inkorporerer de i teorien nævnte krav til videnskabelse med henblik på at opstille en praktisk anvendelig model til bygge- og anlægsbranchen. Teorien arbejder med to former for viden som betegnes eksplicit viden og tavs viden. Eksplicit viden er viden, som let kan udtrykkes gennem ord, tal og billeder, hvilket vil sige, at den kan overføres fra et individ til et andet gennem eksempelvis tale og dokumenter. Tavs viden er derimod dybt forankret i hvert individ og er derfor vanskelig at overføre til en anden. Samtidig udgør denne form for viden dog langt størstedelen af menneskers samlede viden, hvilket gør den til en vigtig faktor i skabelsen af ny viden. Teorien siger at viden skabes når den konverteres i mellem de to former tavs og eksplicit i fire konverteringsprocesser kaldet socialisering, eksternalisering, kombinering og internalisering. Disse fire processer indgår i SEKI-modellen, som er omdrejningspunktet i teorien. Den generiske fem fase-model fremfører fem faser til konvertering af viden i de fire videnkonverteringsprocesser således, at der skabes ny viden. Det er en operationalisering af denne model problemformuleringen søges besvaret igennem. Første skridt mod besvarelsen af problemformuleringen foregår i analysen, som afsluttes med en opstilling af en praktisk anvendelig fem fase-model til bygge- og anlægsbranchen. Modellen er opstillet ved at drage paralleller fra hver fase til mere udbredte, kendte og gennemprøvede metoder og værktøjer, men som stadigvæk konverterer viden i de nævnte fire processer. Det pointeres i problemformuleringen at teorien skal operationaliseres, så den er anvendelig i branchen og dette indbefatter således ikke en detaljeret fremgangsmåde til skabelse af ny viden. Teorien gøres branchespecifik hvor den før var universel og det er efterfølgende op til de enkelte virksomheder at tilpasse den opstillede fem fase-model deres egne unikke vilkår. I forbindelse med udarbejdelsen af projektet er der indhentet empiriske data fra samarbejdet mellem virksomhederne Per Aarsleff A/S og Århus Vand A/S. Disse data behandles efter analysen hvor det undersøges hvorledes der i praksis skabes viden i deres samarbejde sammenholdt med den teoretiske skabelse af viden i den opstillede fem fase-model. Her ses bl.a. at elementer i den opstillede fem fase-model allerede anvendes i deres samarbejde. Rapporten afsluttet med en konklusion der sammenfatter projektet og besvarer problemformuleringen. The point of departure for this master’s thesis is Nonaka’s theory of organisational knowledge-creation. The purpose is to examine how this theory can be applied to the creation of new knowledge in companies which operate in the construction industry. The subject is chosen on the basis of an increasing interest for knowledge management and the industry’s current situation. According to several theorists the society is developing from being post-industrial to becoming a knowledge society where knowledge is the companies’ most valuable resource. Therefore, management of knowledge is of utmost interest. Since 2007, many employees have been laid off because of the financial crisis. Assuming that people equals knowledge, it can be deduced that many companies have lost a part of their resources as a result of the many layoffs. It is relevant to examine how these knowledge resources can be rebuild which leads to the main question in this master’s thesis: • Concerning companies in the Danish construction industry, how can Nonaka’s theory of organisational knowledge-creation be operationalized in a way that it becomes applicable in the process of creating and spreading new knowledge which can be implemented into products, services and procedures with the purpose of creating greater competitiveness? This question has been made based on a study and critique of Nonaka’s theory of organizational knowledge-creation. As mentioned above, the study and critique of the theory has been conducted on the basis of an interest for knowledge creation and the construction industry’s current situation where it has been necessary to lay off many employees. In this master’s thesis the theory is criticized for lacking concrete tools and methods to make it applicable in practice and not just in theory. Therefore, an analysis of the generic five phase model of the organizational knowledge-creation process is conducted for the purpose of creating a model which is applicable in practice. According to Nonaka, the generic five phase model incorporates the demands which according to the theory are necessary for creating knowledge. According to the theory, there are two sorts of knowledge which are described as explicit and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge is knowledge which can easily be expressed through words, numbers and pictures. This means that explicit knowledge can be transferred from one individual to another through for instance speech and documents. On the contrary, tacit knowledge is deeply rooted in every individual and is therefore difficult to transfer from one person to another. Furthermore, tacit knowledge constitutes the major part of humans’ total knowledge which makes it an important factor in the creation of new knowledge. According to the theory, knowledge is created when it is converted between tacit and explicit knowledge in four different conversion processes: Socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. These four processes are part of the SECI-model which is central in the theory. In order to create new knowledge, the generic five phase model presents five phases for converting knowledge in the four knowledge conversion processes. The statement of problem is answered through an operationalization of the generic five phase model. The analysis constitutes the first step towards answering the statement of problem. At the end of the analysis a new five phase model is presented. The new five phase model is applicable in practice in the construction industry. By making parallels from each phase to well-known and thoroughly tested methods and tools which still converts knowledge in the four processes, the model is made. As it is pointed out in the statement of problem, to make the theory applicable in the industry it must be operationalized. This does not include a detailed procedure of how new knowledge is created. Where the theory before was universal, the theory is now made industry-specific and it is then up to the different companies to adjust the new five phase model to their own unique conditions. In connection with making this master’s thesis, empirical data is collected from the collaboration between the companies Per Aarsleff A/S and Århus Vand A/S. After the analysis, the data is processed. It is examined how in practice knowledge is created in their collaboration compared to the theoretical creation of knowledge in the new five phase model. Among other things, it is found that elements from the new five phase model are already being used in their collaboration. The master’s thesis is finished with a conclusion that summarizes the master’s thesis and answers the statement of problem. <br/
Gastric emptying in rats following administration of a range of different fats measured as acetaminophen concentration in plasma
No full textAim: To investigate the gastric emptying upon administration of ten different fats in order to determine whether major differences in fatty acid profiles resulted in differences in gastric emptying. Methods: Gastric emptying was measured as the appearance of acetaminophen in plasma which represents an indirect measure of gastric emptying. Emulsified fats with added acetaminophen were fed by gavage to rats, and the plasma concentration of acetaminophen was followed for 3 h by repeated blood sampling from the carotid artery. The fats administered included rapeseed, corn, and fish oils, lard, and cocoa butter as well as different structured lipids containing decanoic acid (10:0) and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin. Overall, these fats had wide variations in fatty acid compositions and triacylglycerol structures. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in gastric emptying between the groups fed the different fats, except for the emptying of tridecanoin (tri-10:0) that was statistically significantly slower than that of randomized oil, cocoa butter, and rapeseed oil (p <0.05). The slower emptying of tri-10:0 could be caused by a lower caloric intake of this fat as compared with the other fats, because similar weights of fat were administered. Conclusion: The gastric emptying of fat was not influenced by fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol structure of the fats administered
Production of structured lipids in a packed-bed reactor with Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase
No full textLipase-catalyzed interesterification between fish oil and medium-chain TAG has been investigated in a packed-bed reactor with a commercially immobilized enzyme. The enzyme, a Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase immobilized on silica by granulation (Lipozyme TL IM; Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), has recently been developed for fat modification. This study focuses on the new characteristics of the lipase in a packed-bed reactor when applied to interesterification of TAG. The degree of reaction was strongly related to the flow rate (residence time) and temperature, whereas formation of hydrolysis by-products (DAG and FFA) were only slightly affected by reaction conditions. The degree of reaction reached equilibrium at 30-40 min residence time, and the most suitable temperature was 60degreesC or higher with respect to the maximal degree of reaction. The lipase was stable in a 2-wk continuous operation without adjustment of water content or activity of the column and the substrate mixture
The protease inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir influence lipid metabolism: a pig model for the rapid evaluation of new drugs
No full textBackground: Studies of the effects of antiretroviral drugs on lipid metabolism are limited by the availability of suitable models. We have thus developed an animal model utilising Gottingen mini-pigs. The normal lipid metabolism of mini-pigs closely reflects that of humans and they are expected to have similar reactions to antiretroviral drugs. Methods: The pigs were treated orally with high doses of the protease inhibitors ritonavir and saquinavir for 4 weeks. The model allows repeated concomitant biopsies from liver, muscle, adipose tissue and plasma samples. Results: The study showed a general decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids; changes in both saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were also apparent after antiretroviral treatment. The changes were observed after 4 weeks of treatment. At 4 weeks post-treatment, the levels of all fatty acids were lower compared with pretreatment levels, suggesting a prolonged effect of the antiretroviral drug treatment lasting beyond the 4 week post-treatment observation period. Conclusions: The Gottingen mini-pig model is a promising animal model for rapid screening of the metabolic effects induced by antiretroviral drugs
Stability of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si(111): A High-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
No full textThe stability of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on ultrathin SiO2 films on Si(111) was investigated in situ under H2 and O2 (0.5 Torr) by high-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HP-XPS) and ex situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). No indication of sintering was observed up to 600 °C in both reducing and oxidizing environments for size-selected Pt NPs synthesized by inverse micelle encapsulation. However, HP-XPS revealed a competing effect of volatile PtOx desorption from the Pt NPs (∼2 and ∼4 nm NP sizes) at temperatures above 450 °C in the presence of 0.5 Torr of O2. Under oxidizing conditions, the entire NPs were oxidized, although with no indication of a PtO2 phase, with XPS binding energies better matching PtO. The stability of catalytic NPs in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions is of great importance due to the strong structure sensitivity observed in a number of catalytic processes of industrial relevance. An optimum must be found between the maximization of the surface active sites and metal loading (i.e., minimization of the NP size), combined with the maximization of their stability, which, as it will be shown here, is strongly dependent on the reaction environment
