473 research outputs found
Disclosure of own interest (Media policy/ Meta journalism)
No full textThe variable “disclosure of own interests” records whether media, when reporting on media-economic (e.g. takeovers, mergers) or media policy issues affecting their own company or the publishing company to which they are affiliated, create transparency with regard to ownership or potentially affected own interests (Müller & Donsbach, 2006). Media companies could strategically use their privileged access to the public to propagate a certain view of a topic and thus pursue their own interests. So far studies do not reveal a uniform picture that indicates the pursuit of self-interests through reduced transparency (Beck, 2001; Kemner, Scherer, & Weinacht, 2008; Müller & Donsbach, 2006).
Field of application/theoretical foundation
The variable serves as an indicator of compliance with journalistic standards. By creating transparency with regard to their relationship to the reported subject, media companies provide recipients with the opportunity to identify potential conflicts of interests.
Example studies
Beck (2001); Müller & Donsbach (2006); Pedrazzi (2020)
Information on Beck, 2001
Research interest: In the context of a merger in the media sector, Beck (2001) examines the influence of publishers\u27 economic interests on media self-coverage and communication strategies that are used to address self-reference.
Object of analysis: Purposive sample of articles about the merger of AOL and Time Warner in eight German and two US national daily and weekly newspapers either involved or not involved in the merger (Beck, 2001).
Time frame of analysis: January 1, 2000 to February 28, 2000
Information about variable
Level of analysis: article
Coding logic/instructions: It is coded whether the article includes an explicit reference that the media company publishing the article belongs to a publisher involved in the transaction. In addition to information on ownership, Beck (2001, p. 413) mentions other aspects that can be subject to disclosure: These include the name and function of the author, if e.g. owners publish contributions; a reference to the dependency of an author (e.g. as an employee of a company); or the labeling as a non-editorial contribution (e.g. "in own cause").
Codebook not available
Information on Müller & Donsbach, 2006
Research interest: In the context of a takeover in the media sector, Müller and Donsbach (2006) examine the influence of publishers\u27 economic interests on media self-coverage and communication strategies that are used to address self-reference.
Object of analysis: All articles dealing with the takeover of the Berliner Verlag by the Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck that were published in thirteen German regional and national daily newspapers with different ownership.
Time frame of analysis: June 26, 2002 to November 15, 2003 (Müller & Donsbach, 2006)
Information about variable
Level of analysis: article
Coding logic/instructions: It is coded whether the article includes an explicit reference that the media company publishing the article belongs to a publisher involved in the transaction (Müller & Donsbach, 2006).
Values:
Müller & Donsbach, 2006 (Binary level)
No disclosure
Disclosure
Intercoder reliability: Intercoder reliability coefficient of .79 across content categories at article level (6 coders), not specified for individual category
Codebook not available
Information on Pedrazzi (2020)
Research interest: Pedrazzi (2020) investigates Swiss media coverage of media policy, public service in general and the Swiss public service organization SRG SSR in the context of the referendum on the revision of the Federal Act on Radio and Television (RTVA) in 2015 and the No-Billag initiative in 2018.
Object of analysis: Representative samples of articles covering each the revision of the RTVA and the No-Billag initiative in twelve regional and national Swiss German print and online publications with different ownership.
Time frame of analysis: January 1, 2010 to March 4, 2018 (Pedrazzi, 2020)
Information about variable
Level of analysis: article
Coding logic/instructions: It is coded whether and to what extent the author of a contribution is transparent with regard to the publisher\u27s, the medium\u27s or personal interests (e.g. as a publisher/owner, but also as an employee). More precisely, whether one\u27s own involvement, interests and possible consequences with regard to the content and outcome of the vote are explicitly disclosed.
Values:
Pedrazzi, 2020 (Ordinal level)
No disclosure
Own interests are not explicitly revealed.
Low disclosure
Transparency with regard to involvement of a company, including company affiliation and/or name and function of the author (i.e. in case of owners publishing a contribution) and/or labeling of a contribution as non-editorial (i.e. "in own cause"), however without details addressing potential consequences
High disclosure
Transparency with regard to self-interests of a company, including details of direct potential consequences for the own organization (e.g. financial, market position, regulative, influential, etc.) or indirectly as a competitor of organizations that are being covered
Codebook of Pedrazzi (2020) available at (last accessed on 09.12.2020): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312912
References
Beck, K. (2001). Medienberichterstattung über Medienkonzentration. Publizistik, 46(4), 403-424. doi:10.1007/s11616-001-0121-3
Kemner, B., Scherer, H., & Weinacht, S. (2008). Unter der Tarnkappe. Publizistik, 53(1), 65-84. doi:10.1007/s11616-008-0006-9
Müller, D., & Donsbach, W. (2006). Unabhängigkeit von wirtschaftlichen Interessen als Qualitätsindikator im Journalismus. In S. Weischenberg, W. Loosen, & M. Beuthner (Eds.), Medien-Qualitäten: Öffentliche Kommunikation zwischen ökonomischem Kalkül und Sozialverantwortung (pp. 129-147). Konstanz: UVK.
Pedrazzi, S. (2020). Codebuch zur Studie «Eigeninteressen in der Berichterstattung über medienpolitische Vorlagen und den Service public in der Schweiz». Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.431291
Thermodynamic approach to gas analysis in gasification systems
No full textGas analysis is the primary method for performance evaluation in gasification systems. Ratio between CO and CO2 as well as the methane content, give valuable information about the quality of the ongoing gasification process. Furthermore, the heating value of the gas is the fundamental parameter for the calculation of cold gas efficiency. The most common way to perform gas analysis consists of using gas chromatography, this method provides high precision but lacks some fundamental points that would make it a perfect match for gasification systems: robustness to tar and soot pollution, capability to operate with wet hot gases above tar dew point and fast responsiveness. This work lays the basis of a different approach for gas analysis. The proposed methodology uses a Junker-Boys calorimeter, the basic calorimetric approach is hybridized with the boundary conditions imposed by gasification, enabling users to define and solve a system of linear equations. This system uses the few data that can be collected from the calorimeter and the gasifier then it calculates the gas composition. An experimental campaign is used to validate the proposed approach. Results showed a good fit between the composition calculated with the calorimetric approach and the one evaluated through standard methods
Irregular apprehension in international criminal law : male captus bene detentus?
No full textThe article aims to determine whether a male captus bene detentus principle is established in international law with regard to international crimes. The illegal abduction of individuals in order to bring them before a criminal court in another State does often violate the sovereignty of the State where the person is abducted, and it violates the human rights of the accused, constituting a form of arbitrary deprivation of liberty. A general rule male captus bene detentus, according to which the person illegally abducted could nonetheless legitimately be subjected to trial, does not seem to exist. Often States have required, and in various cases obtained, the restitution of individuals who had been illegally abducted from their territory, adducing a violation of their sovereignty. As for the human rights violations related to the illegal abduction, they have not been considered sufficient by tribunals to impose the release of the accused, unless they had been accompanied by further serious violations of the rights of the individual. No different rule seems to exist with regard to international crimes, but the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia has in recent years devised a possible new doctrine on the issue. The need remains to reconcile the rights of the accused with the need to punish crimes, especially the most serious ones of international concern, and if the illegal abduction is not sufficient to impose the release of the accused, other means should be implemented in order to compensate for such a violation
Hydrogen Utilization for Decarbonizing the Dairy Industry: A Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis (Puglia, Boccaletti, Faya, Morselli, Allesina & Pedrazzi; WP 2025)
No full textWe provide the data and code necessary to replicate the main results presented in the Working Paper "Hydrogen Utilization for Decarbonizing the Dairy Industry: A Techno-Economic Scenario Analysis" (Puglia, Boccaletti, Faya, Morselli, Allesina & Pedrazzi; WP 2025).
The subfolders allow replicating the following:
1. The folder "Alkaline_Electrolyser_Model" allows the user to simulate the hydrogen production rate of an advanced alkaline water electrolyser based on a given power input.
2. The folder "Economic assessment" allows the user to replicate the Monte Carlo simulation used to obtain the economic results presentend in section 3.2.
3. The folder "Methane Savings" allows the user to calculate the monthly energy-equivalent mass of methane
4. The foder "Thermal Load Calculation and Dairy Plants Dataset" allows the user to replicate the estimation of the energy load considered in the dairy production process.
For each subfolder a README file is provided. It contains information about the reproduction steps.
For further details or specific data queries, please contact the corresponding author directly
Barriers to success: A technical review on the limits and possible future roles of small scale gasifiers
No full textLiterature and manuals refer to biomass gasification as one of the most efficient processes for power generation, highlighting features, such as residual biomass use, distributed generation and carbon sequestration, that perfectly incorporate gasification into circular economies and sustainable development goals. Despite these features, small scale applications struggle to succeed as a leading solution for sustainable development. The aim of this review is to investigate the existing technological barriers that limit the spreading of biomass gasification from a socio-technical point of view. The review outlines how existing technologies originated from under feed-in-tariff regimes and highlights where the current design goals strongly differ from what will be needed in the near future. Relevant market-ready small-scale gasification systems are analyzed under this lens, leading to an analysis of the reactor and filtration design. To help understand the economical sustainability of these plants, an analysis of the influence of capital expenditures and operating expenditures on the return of investment is included in the discussion. Finally, a literature review on prototypes and pre-market reactors is used as a basis for spotting the characteristics of the system that will likely resolve issues around fuel flexibility, cost efficiency and load variability
Civil and Consumer Law
No full textThis chapter provides an overview of the main foreseeable consequences of Dieselgate in the perspective of private and consumer law. The analysis takes into account the remedies and the taxonomy of the liabilities involved. The choice between individual and collective redress leads to the discussion about class action application in the different countries. The issue of the certification of class by judges is considered with examples taken from Brazilian and Italian cases. In conclusion the author reviews some lessons that can be learned from a case that crosses the line between regulation and enforcement, individuals’ rights and public interest
Modeling of a hybrid externally fired gas turbine applied to a landfill and green waste management facility
No full textThis work discusses the integration of an externally-fired-gas-turbine power plant in a waste disposal facility where municipal solid waste is disposed in a landfill while green waste is pre-treated and selected to be sold as fuel for biomass power plants. The advantages deriving from the in situ green waste biomass conversion using the externally-fired-gas-turbine power plant is simulated using a thermodynamic model implemented in Matlab Simulink. Two different configurations are simulated: a Standard-Externally-Fired-Gas-Turbine (S-EFGT) power plant fuelled with green-waste-derived wood chips and a Hybrid-Externally-Fired-Gas-Turbine (H-EFGT) power plant fuelled with the previous biomass together with landfill gas. Power plant subsystems are modelled through a black box approach. Inputs and outputs of each box are interconnected together to create the overall models. Preliminary simulations were performed for each configuration at the same working fluid flow rate to compare the electrical and thermal efficiency of both power plants. Full scale simulations, considering an existing case study, are then developed. First, energy fluxes and the resulting efficiencies of each configuration are evaluated. Then the techno-economical comparison between the proposed solutions is discussed. Results show a net electrical energy production of 9392 MWh/year with an electrical efficiency of 14.03% for the S-EFGT using about 18,294 ton/year of wood biomass; the H-EFGT energy yield is 25,392 MWh/year with an electrical efficiency of 17.89% using the same biomass consumption and an average flow rate of 1200 Nm3/h of landfill gas. The economic analysis is completed considering the wood biomass sale, the Net Present Value (NPV) analysis showed a payback time of 7 years for the S-EFGT investment and 5.5 years for the H-EFGT one, the NPV value is 1.310.600,00 € and 6.655.792,00 € for the S-EFGT and H-EFGT configuration, respectively
Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects: The Interplay between International and National Law
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