1,721,202 research outputs found
Effect of biotic and abiotic stimuli on volatile emission of Achillea collina Cv. SPAK grown in the Alps
No full textVolatile compounds from plants play a central role in plant-environment interactions by affecting key life processes such as reproduction, defense and communication. Plants normally produce organic volatile compounds (VOCs) but biotic and abiotic stimuli can influence the biosynthesis of novel compounds, and involving hormone signaling pathways, in particular jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene (1). A specific group of VOCs related to herbivores are called herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV) or ‘inducible volatile organic compounds’ (IVOCs) and are emitted from plant foliage after herbivore damage (2).
Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb., a tetraploid proazulenes-containing species of the Achillea millefolium aggregate (yarrow) cultivated in European alpine areas, was a good source of important bioactive compounds. Yarrow is a host plant for several aphids including the generalist green peach aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer and the specialist aphid Macrosiphoniella millefolii (De Geer). Recent work reported that essential oils from several species of the genus Achillea showed some activity as aphid repellents (3).
This study describes the application of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) to characterize the volatile organic compounds emitted in vivo by Achillea collina in response to Myzus persicae and Macrosiphoniella millefolii infestation, to mechanical damage simulating the aphid’s damage and to jasmonic acid treatment. The volatile emission of Achillea collina, Pisum sativum (L.) and Prunus persica (L. Batsh) infested by Myzus persicae was also compared. In A. collina infested plants and treated with jasmonic acid, we observed a great increase in terpenes fractions. Many authors also found variations in the terpene profile of plants infested by aphids and this result suggested terpenes as a chemical class highly sensitive to this biotic stress (4,5). Several changes among alcohols occurred in response to mechanical damage simulating the aphid’s damage. Among this chemical classes, some author reporting an enhancement of the production of 2-hexen-1-ol and germacrene D after aphid infestation in different crop species, and the last one was suggested to be useful in attracting natural enemies of aphids as well as in having anti-feeding/repellent effects (6).
Many volatiles appeared as new compounds after aphids infestation as well as after mechanical damage and jasmonic acid treatment, proposing these compounds as herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV). Some of this compounds were common for biotic and abiotic stimuli but the emission of other VOCs was induced only in response to specific stimuli.
Finally, the comparison of the volatile emission of A. collina, P. sativum and P. persica in response to M. persicae infestation indicated that there were specie-specific and common new induced volatile organic compounds. The common emissions of same VOCs from different plant species when infested by the same aphid suggest the activation of a common set of biosynthetic pathways shared by different plant families. These compounds were produced as bioactive agents against elicitors associated with aphid’s saliva.
In conclusion, this method was useful in evaluating the fingerprints of volatile compounds of A. collina under different physiological conditions. This approach could open new perspective for further studies leading to a better understanding of plant- insect interaction mechanisms providing new insights into crop science and insect pest management
Composti volatili di Penicillium spp. responsabili dell'odore di "terra"
No full textPenicillium sp. and mould organic volatile compounds responsable for the "earthy odour" on dry salami surfaces have been identified. The moulds have been identified as Penicillium echinulatum. Meanwhile 1,3-octen-ol and caryofillene have been recognized as VOCs responsable for the "earthy odour"
Effetto del metabisolfito di sodio sulla popolazione batterica e sulla frazione aromatica di salami
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Antibiotics in food of animal origin : their role and distribution among food chain and relevance of analytical controls for food inspection
No full textAntibiotics play an important role in ensuring the health and welfare of poultry and are commonly administered to treat and prevent respiratory diseases and other microbial infections, but are often illicitly used in poultry breeding, via the drinking water or feed. Widespread antibiotic use and the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon demand new analytical methods and the use of non-conventional matrices increasingly necessary for safe food control. We present a method developed to detect six common antibiotics used in poultry breeding, in the unconventional matrix, feathers, compared to muscle and liver. The analysis for the presence of two β-lactams (penicillin V, amoxicillin), two fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), one phenicol (thiamphenicol) and one macrolide (tylosin) was validated and achieved by HPLC–HRMS, with the ultimate aim to identify untargeted metabolites in broilers subjected to different therapeutic protocols. All the validated method parameters met the regulatory requirements. Muscle and liver were not effective matrices when the withdrawal periods were largely respected. Conversely, feathers proved a promising matrix for the detection of all the studied antibiotics, in the range of 8.72–1885.32 ng g−1, except penicillin V. Like other nonconventional matrices, such as teeth, the antibiotics detected in feathers existed in their unmetabolised form
Volatile fingerprint of Italian populations of Orchids using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography coupled with mass Spectrometry
No full textDevelopment and validation of a GC-MS/MS method for contaminants detection in shellfish
No full textEnvironmental contamination is an issue in food safety programs. In the last decades, various essential elements and toxic contaminants were investigated in seafood in order to limit exposure of consumers [1]. Fish, and to a lesser extent the molluscs, bioaccumulate contaminants, such as toxic metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which can represent a risk for human. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a QuEChERS extraction and clean up procedure, followed by GC‐MS/MS analysis for the detection of 33 contaminants (organochlorines pesticides (OCPs); polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs); polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in mussels and clams. Uncontaminated mussel and clam samples were used to validate the method.The validation parameters were good for all analytes. The linearity, expressed as R2, was higher than 0.985, the recoveries were in the range 70–120 % and the repeatability, expressed as coefficient of variation (CV %) was always lower than 20 %, therefore this method meets the validation criteria required by EU guidelines [2]. Finally, the procedure was applied to 10 samples from the wholesale fish market of Milan. DDT metabolites, Benzopyrene, PCBs were often found, especially in mussels. Our results show that the method is effective for the analysis of POPs in shellfish [1] Herceg‐Romanic ́ S, Kljakovic ́‐Gašpic ́ Z, Klincic ́D, & Ujevic I. Distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in cultured mussels from the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, Chemosphere, 114: 69‐75, 2014. [2] SANTE/11945/2015 Guidance document on analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticides residues analysis in food and feed
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