4 research outputs found
Potensi Pengembangan Varietas Kelapa Dalam Mastutin asal Sumbawa NTB / The Potency to Develop Mastutin Tall Variety from Sumbawa NTB
No full textProblems encountered in the development of the coconut is the limited availability of improved seed, and almost all developing regions require palms, which grow well in specific locations. One of the producing regions of coconut is Sumbawa district in West Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this research was to evaluating the yield of Mastutin coconut and its potential to suport coconut variety development in Indonesia. The evaluation was conducted by observing the selected mother palms in the Mastutin coconut original location. The research was conducted around three years (2012 – 2014) in Labuhan Mapin village, Sumbawa district, by using observation method. Observations were carried out on the vegetative and generative characters, components of fruit, the chemical composition of the endosperm, high yielding block, and parrent tall coconut. The results indicated the potency of Mastutin coconut yield was > 3 tons copra per ha per year. The oil content of Mastutin coconut was 61,88 %. It grows well in areas having drought period of 4 – 6 months, and has large stem girth characters. Population of tall coconut palms growing in Labuan Mapin Village are suitable as high yielding block. Tall coconut in the village of Labuan Mapin could potentially produced ± 75 970 seeds per year from a total of 710 selected high yielding palms. The Mastutin Tall coconut from the Labuhan Mapin village has been released as local superior tall coconut variety under the name of Mastutin Tall Coconut. The coconut seeds produced from selected Mastutin Tall population can be used as breeding materials for creating new superior coconut variety, as seed sources for coconut development and replanting programs.

ABSTRAK

Permasalahan yang ditemui dalam pengembangan kelapa adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan benih unggul. Hampir semua daerah pengembangan membutuhkan benih kelapa yang spesifik lokasi agar produksinya optimal. Salah satu daerah penghasil kelapa di Indonesia adalah Kabupaten Sumbawa di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi produksi benih kelapa Mastutin, melalui pengamatan pohon induk terpilih sebagai materi pengembangan kelapa di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan sejak tahun 2012 – 2014 di Desa Labuan Mapin, Kabupaten Sumbawa dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter vegetatif, generatif, komponen buah, komposisi kimia daging buah, populasi atau blok pertanaman, pohon induk sebagai sumber benih. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin mempunyai potensi produksi tinggi, yaitu > 3 ton kopra per ha per tahun dengan kadar minyak 61,88% dan dapat tumbuh baik pada daerah yang memiliki bulan kering 4 – 6 bulan; memiliki ukuran batang besar. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian populasi atau blok pertanaman, populasi kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin memenuhi syarat sebagai Blok Penghasil Tinggi (BPT). Hasil seleksi diperoleh sebanyak 710 Pohon Induk Terpilih (PIT) dengan potensi produksi benih sebanyak ± 75.970 butir per tahun. Kelapa Dalam di Desa Labuan Mapin, telah dilepas sebagai varietas unggul lokal dengan nama kelapa Dalam Mastutin. Pohon Induk Terpilih kelapa Dalam varietas Mastutin dapat digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan untuk merakit varietas unggul baru,dan sebagai sumber benih untuk pengembangan dan peremajaan.</jats:p
KERAGAMAN GENETIK KELAPA DALAM BALI (DBI) DAN DALAM SAWARNA (DSA) BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Get PDFABSTRACTKeragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) dan Dalam Sawarna (DSA) dianalisismenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumBiologi Tumbuhan, Pusat Penelitian Sumber Daya Hayati danBioteknologi, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Februari-Mei 2007. Bahanyang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 10 individu dari masing-masing populasi. Primer acak digunakan dalam analisis terdiri atas 10primer -10 mer yaitu OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20,OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12, OPB-15, OPB-20. DNA diekstraksimenggunakan metode Rohde yang telah dimodifikasi, konsentrasiditetapkan menggunakan metode Sambrook. Untuk melihat tingkatkekerabatan antar individu berdasarkan pola pita RAPD dari setiap primerdigunakan program NTsys ver. 2,0 (Program Numerical Taxonomy andMultivariate Analysis), sedangkan untuk analisis gerombol digunakanmetode UPGMA untuk membuat dendogram. Koefisien keragaman antarindividu dalam populasi kelapa DBI berkisar antara 2,4% – 30,7% denganrata-rata 21,7%, dan untuk populasi kelapa DSA antara 1,5% – 22,4%dengan rata-rata 12,7%. Jarak genetik individu-individu dalam populasikelapa Dalam Bali (DBI) cukup jauh menunjukkan bahwa keragamangenetik dalam populasi Dalam Bali masih tinggi, sehingga seleksi untukmaksud perbaikan sifat masih sangat memungkinkan. Pada populasikelapa Dalam Sawarna (DSA) jarak genetik individu-individu dalam sudahsemakin sempit, artinya keanekaragaman genetik antar individu di dalampopulasi DSA sudah sangat rendah oleh karena itu seleksi untuk maksudperbaikan sifat harus dilakukan dengan selektif. Hubungan kekerabatanantar populasi kelapa Dalam Bali dan Dalam Sawarna sebesar 44% artinyajarak genetik kedua populasi ini cukup jauh yaitu 56%. Sehingga jikaindividu-individu terseleksi dari kedua populasi tersebut disilangkan, akandiperoleh keturunan yang memilikinilai heterosis tinggi.Kata kunci: Kelapa Dalam Bali, kelapa Dalam Sawarna, keragamangenetik, hubungan kekerabatan, RAPDABSTRACTGenetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall(DSA) Coconuts Based on Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA (RAPD)Genetic Diversity of Bali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA)coconuts based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) wasobserved. Ten plants were used in each population. The objectives of thisresearch were to determine genetic diversity within-and inter-population ofBali Tall (DBI) and Sawarna Tall (DSA) coconuts, and geneticrelationship of those population based on RAPD (Random AmplifiedPolymorphic DNA). Research was done in Plant Biology Laboratory ofCenter Research of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, InstitutPertanian Bogor, February – May 2007. DNA extraction was done bymodified Rohde method and to determine the concentration and quality ofDNA by Sambrook method. Ten RAPD 10-mer were used namely OPA-02, OPA-08, OPA-10, OPA-13, OPA-20, OPB-08, OPB-11, OPB-12,OPB-15, OPB-20. To find out the level of genetic relationship betweenindividuals based on RAPD banding pattern of each primer, we usedNTsys program ver. 2.0 (program Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateAnalysis System), whereas for the analysis of clustering UPGMA methodis used to create a dendogram. These ten RAPD primers could separateDBI and DSA in each group. Genetic diversity within-population of BaliTall coconut population varied from 2.4 to 30.7% with average of 21.7%.So that, opportunity to improve characters in DBI coconut populationcould be done by selection. Genetic diversity within-population ofSawarna Tall coconut population progressively was narrow, ranging from1.5 to 12.4% with average 12.7%, so the selection in order to do characterimprovement in this population could be done selectively. Geneticrelationship between DBI dan DSA populations was far enough (54%), sothe crossing between those population will be good for charactersimprovment.Key words : Bali Tall coconut, Sawarna Tall coconut, genetic diversity,genetic relationship, RAP
Two Cryptic Species in <i>Brontispa longissima</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Analysis and Crosses between the Two Nominal Species
No full textAbstract
The beetle Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious invasive pest of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera I., in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region. Genetic analysis is essential to ecological and evolutionary study of such invasive species. We therefore conducted molecular analyses by using partial sequences (1044 bp) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes of B. longissima collected from several locations. We found two monophyletic groups: one distributed over a limited area (Australia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and Sumba Island; referred to as the Pacific group) and the other collected from a wide area of Asia and the Pacific region (referred to as the Asian group). We compared the biological and morphological traits of the two groups. We found that insects in the Pacific group had a shorter developmental time from hatching to adult emergence, produced fewer eggs, and had a larger adult body size than insects in the Asian group. Elytral color patterns did not differ between the two groups. Our interpopulation crosses produced significantly fewer progeny than intrapopulation crosses, suggesting that B. longissima represents two cryptic species.</jats:p
PELACAKAN TETUA POPULASI KELAPA DALAM MAPANGET No.32 (DMT-32) MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS ALIRAN GEN (Gene Flow) BERDASARKAN PENANDA MIKROSATELIT (SSR)
Get PDFABSTRAKKelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) merupakan salah satu kelapadalam unggul produksi dan kadar minyak serta protein yang baik.Beberapa populasi generasi DMT telah diseleksi selama tahun 1957 –1979 menghasilkan populasi DMT 32. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmelacak tetua melalui aliran gen dalam beberapa generasi populasi kelapaDMT-32 hasil penyerbukan campuran polen, pada taraf DNA berdasarkanpenanda mikrosatelit (SSR). Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah populasi hasil penyerbukan kelapa DMT-32 generasikedua (DMT-32 S2), populasi DMT-32 generasi ketiga (DMT-32 S3), danpopulasi DMT-32 generasi keempat (DMT-32 S4) berturut-turut sebanyak9, 40, dan 38 pohon. Analisis hubungan tetua dengan zuriatnya meng-gunakan program komputer CERVUS ver. 2.0. Jumlah primer SSR yangdigunakan sebanyak 19 primer dan 15 di antaranya dapat digunakan untukmelacak tetua dari individu-individu kelapa DMT-32 S3 dan DMT-32 S4.Semua individu DMT-32 S2 menjadi tetua dari individu-individu DMT-32S3, tetapi tidak semua individu DMT-32 S3 menjadi tetua dari DMT-32S4. Hasil pelacakan tetua menunjukkan bahwa 2 pohon DMT-32 S3 yangbenar-benar hasil penyerbukan hasil zigot polen sendiri dari satu pohonkelapa DMT-32 S2 No.8, dan 1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S2 No.3. PadaDMT-32 S4 ada 2 individu pohon yang benar-benar merupakan hasilpenyerbukan zigot polen sendiri pohon DMT-32 S3 No.28, masing-masing1 pohon zuriat dari DMT-32 S3 No.32 dan DMT-32 S3 No.35. DMT-32S2 No.1 merupakan tetua dari 8 individu DMT-32 S3, dan lima darizuriatnya adalah tetua dari 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2adalah tetua dari 9 individu DMT-32 S3 dan empat nomor di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 14 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 merupakantetua dari 11 individu DMT-32 S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranyamenjadi tetua dari 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 memiliki 5zuriat dan dua nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 merupakan tetua dari 10 pohon DMT-32S3 dan enam nomor pohon di antaranya menjadi tetua dari 24 pohonDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 adalah tetua dari 4 zuriat DMT-32 S3 danhanya satu nomor pohon yang menjadi tetua dari 4 individu pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 merupakan tetua dari 10 zuriat pohon DMT-32S3, lima di antaranya merupakan tetua dari 20 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 memiliki 12 zuriat DMT-32 S3, dan empat di antaranyaadalah tetua dari 15 pohon DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 nomor 9 merupakantetua dari 7 pohon DMT-32 S3, dan empat diantaranya adalah tetua dari17 pohon DMT-32 S4.Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT 32),mikrosatelit, SSR, pelacakan tetuaABSTRACTParentage analysis of Mapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32)population via gene flow based on Microsatellite Markers (SSR)Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT) is one of the superior coconut for itsproduction, coconut oil and protein. Several generation of the DMTpopulation has been selected in 1957 – 1979 producing DMT 32generations. The aim of this research was to analyze the parents ofMapanget Tall Coconut No.32 (DMT-32) in DNA level via gene flowbased on microsatellite markers (SSR). Plant materials used in thisresearch were nine (9) palms of DMT-32 S2, 40 palms of DMT-32 S3 and38 palms of DMT-32 S4. Relationship between parents and progeny wereanalyzed by using CERVUS ver. 2.0 computer program. Among 19 SSRprimers used, 15 of them can be used in parentage analysis of MapangetTall Coconut No.32 of third and fourth generations. All of 9 (nine) palmsof DMT-32 S2 are the parents of DMT-32 S3, but some of those palms ofDMT-32 S3 are not the parents of DMT-32 S4. The result of parentageanalysis showed that two palms of DMT-32 S3 were progeny of selfedDMT-32 S2 No.8, and one palm was progeny of selfed DMT-32 S2 No.3.In DMT-32 S4 there were two palms progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.28 andone palm was progeny of DMT-32 S3 No.32 and DMT-32 S3 No.35respectively. DMT-32 S2 No.1 had 8 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five ofthose were the parents of 13 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No. 2 had9 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 14 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.3 had11 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 18 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.4 had 5progeny in DMT-32 S3 and two of those were the parents of 7 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.5 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and six ofthose were the parents of 24 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.6 had 4progeny in DMT-32 S3 and only one was the parent of 4 individu DMT-32S4. DMT-32 S2 No.7 had 10 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and five of thosewere the parents of 20 individu DMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.8 had 12progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four of those were the parents of 15 individuDMT-32 S4. DMT-32 S2 No.9 had 7 progeny in DMT-32 S3 and four ofthose were the parents of 17 individu DMT-32 S4.Key words : Cocos nucifera L, Mapanget Tall Coconut (DMT-32),microsatellite, SSR, parentage analysi
