37 research outputs found
Geopolitical Factors of Development of the Eurasian Space in the Process of Formation and Development of Russian Statehood
No full textThe article examines formation of the territory of the Russian state at various stages of its development. Geopolitical, ideological and political factors that influence this process are analyzed. The process of incorporation of new territories into the Russian state is characterized. The author gives the comparative analysis of Russian and Western experience of development of attached lands. It is concluded that within the Russian statehood Eurasian space was territorialized as an element of geopolitical structure of the world
APPROXIMATION OF THE NONLINEAR DEPENDENCIES IN HARMONIC BALANCE EQUATIONS
Get PDFA new algorithm is presented to reduce computational costs in solving harmonic balance equations obtained by separating state variables. In the author's previous works, an approach was proposed where the vector (matrix) of unknowns is replaced by two matrices of small dimension, which leads to two systems of balance equations that are solved iteratively. The first equation reduces the number of harmonics in the balance equations, the second equation reduces the number of circuit nodes. In this paper, it is proposed to further reduce computational costs by approximating part of the elements of the balance equations using the decomposition procedure based on singular values. It is proposed to construct a matrix of sets of responses of nonlinear dependencies of circuit models before solving the problem by an iterative method. This matrix reflects all the main changes in nonlinear dependencies with changes in the amplitudes of the input effect and over time. The resulting matrix is then approximated by applying decomposition based on singular values. Comparison of the proposed algorithm with the standard harmonic balance method and algorithms developed by the author earlier showed its high efficiency
Роль Международного суда ООН в урегулировании международных конфликтов
No full textВ данной работе исследуется роль Международного Суда ООН в урегулировании международных конфликтов. В рамках изучения функционирования Международного Суда ООН в современном геополитическом пространстве складывается ситуация, когда принимаемые международными институтами решения не являются эффективными и не решают проблем. Автор изучает правовую основу деятельности Суда, анализирует принятые решения Суда в завершенных и действующих международных конфликтах. Так же предлагаются решения для повышения эффективности данного судебного органа.In this graduate work the role of the UN International Court Justice in the regulation of internationalconflict is studied. In the context of studying the functioning of the UN International Court of Justice in modern geopolitical space there is a situation when decisions taken by international institution are not effective and do not solve the problem. The author studies the legal basis of the Court the completed and going conflicts. As well as decisious are made to improve the effectivensot this judicial body
Social and Political Factors and Mechanisms of the Great Russian Revolution
Get PDFThe article analyses the factors and the dynamics of the revolutionary processes in Russia in the early
20th century. By applying modern theoretical concepts of political science and sociology, the author concludes that early 20th century Russia could be characterised by a number of social and political
conflicts which were a result of incomplete modernisation. As a result of the imbalanced tempo of
modernisation in the economic and political spheres there emerged a conflict between social groups
demanding political change and the incumbent political regime. In rural areas, incomplete agrarian
reform contributed to a deepening divide between peasants and landlords. The Tsar’s government
failed to resolve those conflicts before the beginning of World World I, while the war resulted in their
intensification. The socio-psychological syndrome of relevant deprivation emerged as a result of the
widening gap between social expectations that Russia’s population had before beginning of World War
I and the quickly deteriorating living standards of the majority of the population during the war. The
Great Russian Revolution began in February 1917 triggered by the conflict between the old ruling
elite and the counter-elite, which mostly consisted of the liberal opposition. Once the counter-elite
assumed power, it failed to meet the challenges facing Russia in time. This article concludes that ineffectiveness
of the Transitional Government in Russia was the main reason behind intensification of the
domestic crisis in Russia, which led to Bolsheviks assuming power in October 1917. Refs. 6
“The law of Thermidor” in the political history of Russia
No full textThe article refers to the “Thermidor law”, characteristic of all great revolutions. The author
states that after a period of radical destruction of the old foundations, a period of full or partial
restoration of the previously destroyed orders, institutions and relations begins. This trend is
called, by analogy with the events of the Great French Revolution, “the law of the Thermidor”.
The article notes that after the October Revolution in Russia, Lenin and other leaders of the
Bolsheviks constantly feared the offensive of the “Thermidor”, which they understood as the
victory of the counter-revolution. To avoid this, the Bolsheviks strived to maximally radicalize
their transformations, and after the failure of the policy of “war communism” they tried
to implement “self-thermidorization” in the form of a New Economic Policy. However, the
Bolsheviks failed to avoid a return wave. According to L. Trotsky, one of the leaders of the
October Revolution, the “thermidor” was the establishment of the Stalinist regime. Trotsky saw signs of the Thermidor in the revival of a number of social principles destroyed during the
revolutionary years. It is noted in the article that, with reference to the Stalin period, one can
speak of an “imaginary thermidor”, since Stalin did not refuse the main goals of the October
Revolution, but the emergence of the Stalinist regime, from the original revolutionary practice
of the Bolsheviks, was the result of the action of the “Thermidor law”. The article states that the
effect of the same law was manifested in the period of political and economic changes in the
USSR and Russia in the late 20th and early 21st century
Trichocera (Metatrichocera) mackenziei Dahl 1967
No full textTrichocera (Metatrichocera) mackenziei (Dahl, 1967) Metatrichocera mackenzie Dahl, 1967. Dahl, 1967 a: 60. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) mackenziei (Dahl, 1967). Dahl & Alexander, 1976: 14. Illustrated by Dahl, 1967 a: figs. 11 –15, 57– 60; Dahl, 1967 b: figs. 12–14; Dahl & Krzemińska, 1997: figs. 34–35; Pratt, 1992: fig. 12; Pratt, 2003: fig. 12. Material examined. MONGOLIA: 1 male, Hovsgol Aimag, Khankh Soum, Noyon river bank, 8–15 August, 2005, Malaise trap, coll. O. Yadamsuren and S. Enkhtaivan, habitat: narrow valley with boggy forb-sedge meadow (Carex sp., Leymus chinensis, Potentillia sp.), vegetation coverage 70 percent, malaise trap at river edge; 1 female, Hovsgol Aimag, Ulaan Uul Soum, bogs and streams 800 m from Bagtag Gol (river), N 50.81208 E 99.33510, elevation 1590 m, 30.VI. 2006, Selenge River Basin Insect Survey Project # 06062904. The species was known from Northern Canada (Dahl, 1967), Northern Sweden and Finland (Dahl & Alexan- der, 1976) and Russian Kola Peninsula (Lantsov & Chernov, 1987). Lantsov and Chernov (1987) suggested that T. mackenziei could have a boreal distribution and our finding of this species in northern Mongolia agrees with their view. Subgenus Saltrichocera Krzemi ń ska, 2002 Saltrichocera was established for the inclusion of Trichocera species with simple gonostylus and gonocoxite, separated and highly arched bridge, large aedeagal complex with strong and long basal apodemes and rounded to elongate lateral apodemes (Krzemińska, 2002 a).Published as part of Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podėnas, Sigitas, 2011, Notes on winter flies Trichoceridae (Diptera) of Mongolia with description of new species, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 3031 on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27871
Trichocera (Metatrichocera) gigantea Dahl 1967
No full textTrichocera (Metatrichocera) gigantea (Dahl, 1967) Metatrichocera gigantea Dahl, 1967. Dahl, 1967 b: 195. Trichocera (Metatrichocera) gigantea (Dahl, 1967). Dahl & Alexander, 1976: 14. Illustrated by Dahl, 1967 b: figs. 15 –19, 28– 31. Material examined. MONGOLIA: 1 male, Hovsgol Aimag, Khankh Soum, Noyon river bank, N 51.201528 E 100.807278, altitude 1709 m, 8–15 August, 2005, Malaise trap, coll. O. Yadamsuren and S. Enkhtaivan, habitat: narrow valley with boggy forb-sedge meadow (Carex sp., Leymus chinensis, Potentillia sp.), vegetation coverage 70 percent, malaise trap at river edge. The species was known from Sweden (Dahl, 1967), Finland (Dahl, 1968) and Arctic tundra of Russia (Lantsov & Chernov, 1987). Occurrence of species in permafrost zone of Northern Mongolia was expected, despite disjunction with the rest of the distribution area.Published as part of Petrašiūnas, Andrius & Podėnas, Sigitas, 2011, Notes on winter flies Trichoceridae (Diptera) of Mongolia with description of new species, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 3031 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27871
World Politics in Early 21st Century: Theoretical Forecasts and Contemporary Trends
No full textThe article compares the forecasts concerning trends in world politics of the early 21st century created by Francis Fukuyama, Samuel Huntington and Immanuel Wallerstein. Though none of the forecasts was completely accurate, all of them spoke of the tendencies that could be later observed in world politics. Despite many experts criticized Fukuyama’s concept of the ‘end of history’, Western elites had been making foreign policies of their countries in accordance with the concept until recently.The article explains how such policies came to contradict contemporary state of affairs. In accordance with Huntington’s expectations, the role of civilizational factor in world politics of the early 21st century signifi cantly grew compared to previous periods. However, the character of civilizational factor’s infl uence on political processes appeared to be different compared to what Huntington expected. The article underlines the accuracy of Wallerstein’s forecast concerning the consequences of mass South-North migration. At the same time, the article concludes, his forecast, likewise the other two, also requires adaptation to contemporary situation in societal development
Interferometer -based Technology for Optical Nanoscale Inspection
No full textAbstract
We demonstrate the interferometer-based approach for nanoscale grating Critical Dimension (CD) measurements and prove the possibility to achieve no worse than 10 nm accuracy of measurements for 100 nm pitch gratings. The approach is based on phase shift measurement of light fields specularly reflected from periodical pattern and adjacent substrate with subsequent comparison between experimental and simulation results. RCWA algorithm is used to fit the measured results and extract the CD value. It is shown that accuracy of CD value measurement depends rather on the grating’s CD/pitch ratio than its CD value</jats:p
