429 research outputs found
ESCAPE approach for the sustainability evaluation of spent lithium-ion batteries recovery: Dataset of 33 available technologies
No full textRecovering critical raw materials from end-of-life batteries is mandatory to limit the need of virgin resources in the long-term. However, most of the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) technologies are still in an infancy stage. As a result, to date, only few studies focus on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the proposed processes, presenting limited results. This paper reports the methodology and data resulting from sustainability evaluation of 33 different technologies for spent LIBs recovery, on the basis of the availability of information, identified in literature. The ESCAPE (standing for Evaluation of Sustainability of material substitution using CArbon footPrint by a simplified approach) method is based on the use of only two parameters: the embodied energy and the carbon footprint. These parameters are calculated for all the process steps of each technology. Using the ESCAPE approach, the data about energies and emissions associated with the electricity consumption for thermal and mechanical treatments and chemicals and water use are calculated for all the 33 selected technologies, referring to a recent work (Fahimi et a., 2022), which only presents the results. In addition, ESCAPE tool is used to evaluate and discuss the parameters that can affect the technologies sustainability, to better highlight the most onerous and impactful steps of each technology. Then, this paper also shows that ESCAPE approach allows to propose some strategies to improve the recovery processes, with the aim to support eco-design
Cryptopilumnus pereiodontus Naderloo 2017
No full text<i>Cryptopilumnus pereiodontus</i> (Davie & Ghani 1993) <p> <i>Pilumnopeus pereiodontus</i> Davie & Ghani 1993: 61–65, figs. 1, 2.</p> <p> <i>Cryptopilumnus pereiodontus.</i> — Hsueh <i>et al.</i> 2009: 328, tab. 1.— Naderloo <i>et al.</i> 2016: 3, fig. 5.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 male, CL 3.40 mm, CW 5.13 mm, 1 female, CL 4.12 mm, CW 5.23 mm (ZUTC 5784), Dowlat Park, Abu-Musa I., Persian Gulf, 25°53′N, 55°01′E, coll. S. Ebrahimnejad, 4.11.2015; 10 males, CL 4.24– 3.34 mm, CW 5.13–6.15 mm, 3 females, CL 3.64–5.18 mm, CW 6.90–7.98 mm (ZUTC 5787), Dowlat Park, AbuMusa I., Persian Gulf, 26°43′N, 55°01′E, sandy bed with boulders, coll. S. Ebrahimnejad, 6.11.2015; 8 males, CL 4.76–8.12 mm, CW 6.80–9.51 mm, 5 females, CL 3.80–7.65 mm, CW 5.44–8.10 mm (ZUTC 5789), Dowlat Park, Abu-Musa I., Persian Gulf, 25°53′N, 55°01′E, rocky intertidal, coll. N. Fahimi, 16.01.2019.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Pakistan.</p>Published as part of <i>Fahimi, Neda & Naderloo, Reza, 2023, Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, with a note on their phylogeny, pp. 256-274 in Zootaxa 5264 (2)</i> on page 260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5264.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7836496">http://zenodo.org/record/7836496</a>
Thermal Fluid Analysis of Cold Plasma Methane Reformer
No full textOne of the most important methods of methane utilization is the conversion to synthesis gas (syngas). However, conventional ways of reforming methane usually require very high temperature, therefore non-thermal (non-equilibrium) plasma methane reforming is an attractive alternative. In this study, a novel plasma based reformer named 3D Gliding Arc Vortex Reformer (3D-GAVR) was investigated for partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas. The tangential input creates a vortex in the plasma zone and an expanded plasma presides within the entire area between the two electrodes. Using this method, the experimental results show that hydrogen can be produced for as low as $ 4.45 per kg with flow rates of around 1 L per minute. The maximum methane conversion percentage which is achieved by this technology is up to 62.38%. In addition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is conducted for a cold plasma reformer chamber named reverse vortex flow gliding arc reactor (RVF-GA) to investigate the effects of geometry and configuration on the reformer performance. In this modified reformer, an axial air input port is added to the top of the reaction vessel while the premixed reactants can enter the cylindrical reaction zone through tangential jets. The CFD results show that a reverse vortex flow (RVF) scheme can be created which has an outer swirling rotation along with a low pressure area at its center with some component of axial flow. The reversed vortex flow utilizes the uniform temperature and heat flux distribution inside the cylinder, and enhances the gas mixtures leading to expedition of the chemical reaction and the rate of hydrogen production
Differential cellular and subcellular localization of heme-binding protein 23/peroxiredoxin I and heme oxygenase-1 in rat liver
No full textHeme-binding protein 23 (HBP23), also termed peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are distinct antioxidant stress proteins that are co-ordinately induced by oxidative stress. HBP23/Prx 1 has thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity with high binding affinity for the pro-oxidant heme, while HO-1 is the inducible isoform of the rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation. We investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of both proteins in rat liver. Whereas by immunohistochemistry (IHC) a uniformly high level of HBP23/Prx 1 expression was observed in liver parenchymal and different sinusoidal cells, HO-1 expression was restricted to Kupffer cells. By immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold technique, HBP23/Prx 1 immunoreactivity was detected in cytoplasm, nuclear matrix, mitochondria, and peroxisomes of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell populations. In contrast, the secretory pathway, i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, was free of label. As determined by immunocytochemical (ICC) studies in liver cell cultures and by Western and Northern blotting analysis, HBP23/Prx 1 was highly expressed in cultures of isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. In contrast, HO-1 was constitutively expressed only in Kupffer cell cultures but was also inducible in hepatocytes. These data suggest that HBP23/Prx 1 and HO-1 may have complementary antioxidant functions in different cell populations in rat liver
Differential cellular and subcellular localization of heme-binding protein 23/peroxiredoxin I and heme oxygenase-1 in rat liver
No full textHeme-binding protein 23 (HBP23), also termed peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are distinct antioxidant stress proteins that are co-ordinately induced by oxidative stress. HBP23/Prx 1 has thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity with high binding affinity for the pro-oxidant heme, while HO-1 is the inducible isoform of the rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation. We investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of both proteins in rat liver. Whereas by immunohistochemistry (IHC) a uniformly high level of HBP23/Prx 1 expression was observed in liver parenchymal and different sinusoidal cells, HO-1 expression was restricted to Kupffer cells. By immunoelectron microscopy using the protein A-gold technique, HBP23/Prx 1 immunoreactivity was detected in cytoplasm, nuclear matrix, mitochondria, and peroxisomes of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell populations. In contrast, the secretory pathway, i.e., the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, was free of label. As determined by immunocytochemical (ICC) studies in liver cell cultures and by Western and Northern blotting analysis, HBP23/Prx 1 was highly expressed in cultures of isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. In contrast, HO-1 was constitutively expressed only in Kupffer cell cultures but was also inducible in hepatocytes. These data suggest that HBP23/Prx 1 and HO-1 may have complementary antioxidant functions in different cell populations in rat liver
Evaluation of the sustainability of technologies to recycle spent lithium-ion batteries, based on embodied energy and carbon footprint
No full textBattery demand is estimated to growth at a 25% annual rate, to reach a volume of 2600 GWh in 2030. Recovering critical raw materials from end-of-life batteries is now mandatory to limit the need of primary raw materials in the long-term. However, recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is still in its early stage. Many technologies have been proposed, that consist of a combination of mechanical processing, often after thermal pre-treatment, ended up to hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processing. All these methods have several pros and cons in terms of applicability, safety, environmental impact, eventual recovery efficiency of the components, and economic factors. In this frame, the evaluation of the sustainability of the proposed technologies plays a fundamental role in selecting the most suitable approaches able to support material supply for batteries, identifying the major solutions to optimize the end-of-life management strategies for LIBs, in the perspective of a circular economy context. However, LCA was developed to evaluate commercially mature technologies. This paper aims to propose and discuss, for the first time, the sustainability of 33 different technologies available in literature for LIBs recovery, even if developed only at laboratory level, by a screening approach, preliminary to LCA analysis. For this purpose, ESCAPE (standing for Evaluation of Sustainability of material substitution using CArbon footPrint by a simplified approach) tool based on the calculation of embodied energy and carbon footprint is used. Based on ESCAPE analysis results, this work shows and discusses the parameters that affect the technologies sustainability (thermal and mechanical treatments and chemicals and water use). The results, in accord with preliminary available LCA data, indicate that chemicals and ultrapure water consumption are the most energy-intensive processes drivers, showing that pyrometallurgy can limit carbon footprint and energy consumption in comparison to hydrometallurgy. Finally, by using the ESCAPE index, it is shown that some technologies may be improved for example by using industrial water instead of ultrapure water and/or by recycling the chemicals used for leaching steps. In summary it is shown that ESCAPE tool can be used in supporting eco-design strategies with the aim to facilitate the understanding of environmental implications of proposed LIBs recovery technologies and to focalize the research toward the more promising ones
A new breakthrough in the P recovery from sewage sludge ash by thermochemical processes
No full textFor the first time, the thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash made by using microwaves, associated with a devoted patented chamber, was realised. It promotes the formation of bioavailable CaNaPO4 compound, offering a new breakthrough in recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge ash and providing new possibilities in terms of sustainability
New eco-materials derived fromwaste for emerging pollutants adsorption: The case of diclofenac
No full textThis work proposes new eco-materials for the adsorption of diclofenac (DCF). The large consumption of this nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug combined with the inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) leads to its presence in aquatic environments as an emerging pollutant. The adsorption technique is widely used for pharmaceutical removal. Moreover, due to the large effect of commercial adsorbents, in the frame of the Azure Chemistry approach, new sustainable materials are mandatory for removal as emerging pollutants. The work proposes three adsorbents that were obtained from different stabilization methods of fly ash derived from an incinerator plant; the stabilization techniques involved the use of various industrial by-products such as bottom ash, flue gas desulphurization residues, coal fly ash, and silica fume. The best performance, although less than activated carbon, was obtained by COSMOS (COlloidal Silica Medium to Obtain Safe inert: the case of incinerator fly ash), with a removal efficacy of approximately 76% with 15 g/L of material. Several advantages are expected not only from the DCF removal but also from an economic perspective (the newly obtained adsorbents are eco-materials, so they are cheaper in comparison to conventional adsorbents) and in terms of sustainability (no toxic reagents and no heating treatment are involved). This work highlights the adsorption performance of the new eco-materials and their potential use in WWTPs
Effects of pendent phenol functional groups on secondary coordination spheres of heme like Fe-salen complexes
No full textSince the beginning of industrial revolution, burning of fossil fuels has mainly led to increase in atmospheric concentration of CO2 , a Green House Gas (GHG), from 250 ppm to 400 ppm between 1800 and 2012. One way to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and CO2 emission rate is to explore alternative carbon free fuels to meet the energy demand.This project aims at the synthesis and study of metal complexes inspired by biological models that will help better design catalysts to perform water oxidation more effectively.This poster won the Dean, Faculty of Science award (2020). Advisor: Dr. Linus Chiang, Departmen of Chemistry
Evaluation of the sustainability of technologies to recover phosphorus from sewage sludge ash based on embodied energy and CO2 footprint
No full textThis paper reports a novel and simplified approach for sustainability evaluation of new technologies, based on the use of two parameters (i.e. embodied energy and CO2 footprint) that account for the energy and emissions involved in the formation of a material, suitable to perform pre-screening analysis, preliminary to life cycle assessment. This new approach is presented and used to compare the available technologies for phosphorous recovery from sewage sludge ash. A dimensionless index, defined as SUB-RAW index, is used to compare the results about the environmental impact of each selected substituting material/process. This method is applied to full, pilot, and laboratory scale processes available in literature in the context of phosphorus extraction technologies. The results show that wet chemical leaching approaches appear to be the most sustainable methods
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